Shin, kun san cewa Earl Bakken ne ya kafa na'urar bugun zuciya a kan mota na musika? Kuma cewa ka'idodi na Jigan Japan koigami sun jawo hanzari irin nau'in cututtukan daji wanda za'a iya yin kwangila don ya dace ta hanyar catheter? Kimiyya da fasaha suna ta dace da juna. A gaskiya ma, sababbin sababbin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin gida suna buƙatar rinjaye a dukkan fannoni; ci gaba a kimiyyar kiwon lafiya sau da yawa ana samun ta hanyar fasaha da fadi.
Daga STEM zuwa STEAM
Harkokin tattalin arziki a kimiyya da fasaha suna motsa tattalin arzikin duniya fiye da kowane lokaci. Saboda haka, an tallafawa zuba jarurruka a filayen STEM (kimiyya, fasaha, aikin injiniya da lissafi). Duk da haka, wasu masu ba da shawara ga zane-zane sun yi imanin cewa basirar STEM kadai bai isa ba don kawo cigaba da ci gaban da duniya ke nema a lokacin da aka saba da sababbin abubuwa. Don ƙwarewar fasahar kiwon lafiya ya faru, kerawa muhimmin abu ne. Creativity yana ƙarfafa gefen dama na kwakwalwarmu, don haka yana iya hulɗa tare da hagu na hagu da kuma samar da daidaitattun aiki. Saboda haka, wasu sun bayar da shawarar cewa ya kamata a karfafa ayyukan da ya kunshi zane-zane a makarantunmu na makarantar-cewa STEM ya hada da zane-zane kuma a canza shi zuwa STEAM.
Zane-zane ba wai kawai wani abu mai kyau ba ne a kan ilimin kimiyya. Ilimi a wannan yanki na iya riƙe mabuɗin samun zurfin ilimin kimiyya da ingantawa a cikin kiwon lafiya, magani da kuma wasu sassa masu muhimmanci na kimiyya.
Farfesa Robert Root-Bernstein da abokan aikinsa daga Jami'ar Jihar Michigan sun dubi tarihin 'yan Nobel na kimiyya. Sun lura cewa kusan dukkanin wadannan mutane sun kasance suna aiki sosai a wasu nau'i na fasaha. Bugu da ƙari, da yawa daga cikinsu sun haɗa da nasarar su a fannin kimiyya da fasaha da fasahar kerawa.
Rahoton Root-Bernstein ya nuna cewa masu lashe kyautar Nobel sau 17 sun kasance masu zane-zane masu fasaha, idan aka kwatanta da masana kimiyya masu mahimmanci, kuma sau 12 sun iya rubuta rubutun waƙa da wallafe-wallafe. Bisa ga nazarinsa, Root-Bernstein ya tabbatar da cewa ta hanyar motsawa ta hanyar kirkirowa, zaku iya haifar da inganci kuma zai yiwu ya wuce iyakacin matsakaici.
Hoton yana darajan kalmomi dubu
A tarihi, zane-zane na likita sune wani bangare na bincike na likita. An yi amfani da art don amfani da ilimin ilimin da kuma taimako a tsarin ilmantarwa. Art ya kasance wani muhimmin magungunan magani a yau, tare da masu zane waɗanda suka dace da yanayin zamani da amfani da fasahar don taimakawa kokarin su.
Ayyuka don littattafai na likita, mujallu, da kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, aikace-aikacen hannu da kuma shafukan intanet, na buƙatar gwadawa ta musamman. Jami'ar Kimiyya na Jami'ar Johns Hopkins tana gudanar da wani digiri na digiri a cikin Magani da Lafiya na Halitta wanda ke ba da ilimin da ya dace. Shirin na Sashen Ma'aikatar ke gudanar da shirin ne kamar yadda aka shafi Magunguna. Kwanan nan, misalai na Mataimakin Farfesa Jennifer Fairman ya biyo bayan wani labarin a cikin mujallar Medicine Hopkins, mai suna Cooking up Cone Replacement.
Wannan labarin ya gabatar da aikin Farfesa Dokta Warren Grayson da tawagarsa, wadanda ke aiki akan samar da kasusuwa masu maye don kai da fuska. Rubutun ya bi tsarin girke-girke na abinci, ya kuma bayyana 3-D buɗa da ƙirƙirar abubuwa 3-D daga wani fayil na dijital ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman. Ayyukan Fairman na nuna dukkan abubuwan da ake bukata (nau'in halitta mai laushi, polycaprolactone, fibrinogen, thrombin, broth na halitta da beta-glycerophosphate), da kuma matakai na wannan ma'anar "ganyaye" na musamman.
Farfesa Richard Sawdon Smith, a gefe guda, yayi amfani da zane-zane na likita daga kusurwar mai haƙuri: neman fahimtar rashin lafiya da yarda da cutar.
Sawdon Smith ya sake fasalin sha'awar jikinsa a cikin zane-zane. Ana kashe lokaci mai tsawo a asibitoci bayan ya gano cutar HIV, ya fara aiki akan zane-zane, tsarin gyaran fuska da kuma daukar hoto na sirri. A cikin wasu ayyukan, ya kirkiro jerin jerin hanyoyin aiwatar da gwaji na jini, wanda ya kira Kariya . Har ila yau ya yanke shawara akan tatuttukan tatuttukan tattoosu na fata a jikinsa kuma ya zama magungunan likita.
Art da kimiyya na masana'antu
Samar da na'ura mai kwakwalwa mai kwakwalwa mai kyau shine fasaha da ke buƙatar mai yawa da basira da horo. Kwararrun bayan wannan ana kiranta likitan anaplastologist. A cikin aikin su, masu anaplastologists suna nufin samar da marasa lafiya tare da al'adun da aka yi da al'adun da ke daidai ga mutum. Hanyar samfuri da tsara zane na ƙarshe na jiki-misali, kunne, hanci ko ido-yana da matakai da yawa. Idan aikatawa ta hanyar basirar ƙwararru, ƙwararren yayi daidai da sauran jiki ba tare da wata matsala ba kuma yana taimaka wa rayuwar mai haƙuri.
Kamfanin Johns Hopkins Facial Prosthetics Clinic ne mai jagorancin masanin ilimin lissafi, Mista Juan Garcia, wanda ke haifar da prostheses saboda cututtuka masu tsanani wanda ba za'a iya gyara ta hanyar tiyata ba. Ya cika sosai a cikin layi da launi na sabon jiki tare da sautin fata na mutumin. Wannan bangare na buƙatar fasaha na musamman. Garcia yana aiki tare da marasa lafiya wanda ke da rauni, tiyata, rashin lafiya ko kuma an haife shi tare da malformation. Garcia yayi amfani da karuwanci ta hannu. Yana da sha'awar duk wani cigaban fasaha da kimiyya na zamani kuma yana ci gaba da neman hanyar da za ta iya amfani da shi a cikin aikinsa. Yana da sha'awa sosai game da kwayoyin halittu da kuma bunkasa nama mai rai - abu wanda zai iya taimakawa sabuwar hanya ta samar da wasu sassan jikin jiki.
3-D daukar hoto yana karuwa sosai a cikin magunguna. Ana tsara tsarin daban daban don sassa daban-daban na jiki, irin su tayin, nono da kai / fuska, don taimakawa da tsarawa da kimantawa. A Ireland ta Arewa, Belfast Health da Care Care Trust na aiki akan ci gaba da daukar hoto na 3-D, aikin da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Jakadancin ta gudanar. Ana amfani da software na musamman da ke tallafawa hanya ta hanyar jagororin musamman wanda ya haɗa da shawara game da hasken haske, matsayi na mai haƙuri, bayanan da ra'ayi. Wannan aiki yana da mahimmanci a yanzu cewa mata da dama suna da sake ginawa a cikin ƙirjinta a baya bayan mastectomy. Tare da hotunan 3-D, za'a iya nazarin gwadawa kuma likita zai iya yanke shawara a hankali idan an tilastawa aikin tiyata.
Hanyoyin Ilimi na Kayayyakin Lissafi don Ingantaccen Magunguna
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci na fasaha shi ne ikon samar da sababbin tashoshi don sadarwa. Kwararrun kiwon lafiya sau da yawa yakan shiga hulɗa da marasa lafiya waɗanda suka iya yin amfani da damar yin magana da rubutu don ƙwarewa ga magunguna daban daban da marasa lafiya. Alal misali, harsunan waje da ƙananan ilimi zai iya zama kalubale. A cikin yanayi kamar waɗannan, yana iya taimakawa wajen sadarwa ta hanyar amfani da wasu hanyoyi, kamar zana zane mai sauƙi ga mai haƙuri. François Luks daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Hoto Kan Ilimin Hoto na Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Jami'ar Kimiyya ta nuna cewa zane-zane na likita zai iya taimakawa wajen tsara tunani da kuma bayyana dangantaka tsakanin ɗan adam. Wannan tsari kuma yana taimakawa wajen nuna misalin matsala mafi kyau, ga masu haƙuri da likita.
Kulawa wani fasaha ne mai mahimmanci wanda kowane likita ya kamata ya bunkasa domin ya samar da mafi kyawun kulawa. Alal misali, ƙwarewar kulawa na iya zama muhimmiyar mahimmanci don tabbatar da marasa lafiya da tsinkaye sakamakon sakamako. Bincike ya nuna cewa zane-zane na gani, musamman zane-zane da fim, na iya taimaka wa] alibai na likita su fi kyau.
Farfesa Katrina Bramstedt, masanin ilimin likita na duniya a Jami'ar Bond, Australia, ya nuna cewa dubawa na asibiti ya ƙunshi fiye da kallo. Tana magana game da ilimin karatu na gani, wanda ya buƙaci lura da hankali don ƙirƙirar ma'ana. Hanyoyin kyan gani yana taimakawa likitoci su sami bayanin asibiti daga marasa lafiya wanda bazai iya bayyana abubuwan da kai tsaye ba. Bramstedt masu bayar da shawarwari da ke haɗin haɗin gwiwar jin dadin jama'a tare da ilimin kimiyya. Alal misali, ta yi la'akari da masu aikin likita na kiwon lafiya-suna koyar da hanya a jikin mutum. Cibiyarta ta gano cewa ɗalibai na likita suna goyon bayan hada-hadar zane-zane a makarantar likita.
Duk da haka, ta kuma gane cewa akwai wasu waɗanda zasu iya gane shi a matsayin wani matsala da ba ta dace ba daga nazarin kimiyya na al'ada. Duk da haka, tana fatan cewa likitoci na gaba za su amfana daga hanyar daidaitaccen daidaituwa ta hanyar ficewa ga ra'ayoyin ɗan adam da kimiyya.
> Sources:
> Banschbach V. Ƙananan Makarantun Labaran Labaran Labaran Labaran Ci Gaban Kasuwanci a STEM da Entomology. Am Entomol . 2016; 62 (2): 125-126.
> Bramstedt K. Yin Amfani da Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Abin Nuna don Gano Harkokin Magunguna. AmA Journal of Ethics , 2016; 18 (8): 843-854.
> Liou K, George P, Baruk J, Luks F. Hoto na horarwa: Koyar da likita zuwa likitocin likita. Mad Ilimin . 2014; 48 (5): 525.
> Mawallafi & Fassara: Farfesa Richard Sawdon Smith. J Vis Commun Med . 2015; 38 (1/2): 98-102.
> Root-Bernstein R, Allen L, Weinlander S, et al. Ayyukan al'adu na haɓaka nasarar kimiyya: Al'ummar Nobel, Cibiyar Nazarin kasa, Royal Society, da Sigma Xi. Journal of Psychology of Science da Technology . 2008; 1 (2): 51-63.
> Winder R, Boyd L, Mcintosh S, et al. Tsayar da sabis na daukar hoto na 3D na likita. J Vis Commun Med . 2014; 37 (1-2): 28-35.