Lokacin da muka ji kalmar " hepatitis ," mun saba yin shirka tare da cirrhosis da sauran cututtukan da ke shafi hanta. Amma ba lokuta ba ne. Kamar yadda sauran masu ci gaba, cututtuka na kullum, hepatitis zai iya tasiri kan kwayar halitta guda daya (a cikin wannan hali, hanta) yayin da yake kai tsaye ga sauran sassan kwayoyin halitta, kazalika.
Ɗaya daga cikin tsarin da cutar huhu ke fuskanta a kaikaitacce shine tsarin kulawa na tsakiya, kuma mafi mahimmanci kwakwalwa.
Yayin da ake fama da ciwo mai tsanani ko cutar ciwon hawan hepatitis, abubuwa masu guba daga hanta zasu iya tarawa cikin jini kuma su yada (ko rarraba) cikin jiki. Lokacin da waɗannan abubuwa suka shiga cikin kwakwalwa, zasu iya haifar da yanayin da ba'aro da ake kira hepatic encephalopathy .
Hanyoyin ƙwaƙwalwar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta suna nunawa da rikice-rikice, rashin yarda, da kuma wasu lokuta canje-canje a cikin hali da basirar motoci. Idan ba a hana shi ba, cutar za ta iya ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaba da kaiwa (coma hepaticum) ko ma mutuwa.
Dukkanin sun fada cewa, tsakanin kashi 30 zuwa 45 cikin dari na mutanen da ke da cirrhosis za su ci gaba da nuna alamun rashin lafiyar hanta, ko dai ya zama nau'i mai kyau na manta ko kuma mafi tsanani daga mummunar haɗari ko amintattu.
Sanadin cututtuka na rashin lafiya
Duk da yake rashin lafiya da hanta na haɗari da halayen hanta yana da yawa , akwai yawancin abubuwan da suke taimakawa wajen wasa. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan ba su da wani abu da ya shafi hanta ko kwakwalwa; sun bayyana kawai ko dai suna haifar da farmaki ko kuma kara tsananta matakan da suka kasance.
Daga cikin mawuyacin haɗin gwiwa a cikin mutanen da ke fama da rashin hanta hanta:
- Yin amfani da barasa mai yawa
- Koda gazawar
- Tsarin mulki, wanda ya kara yawan samar da ammoniya
- Ciwon huhu
- Cutar jini, wanda yakan faru a cikin cutar cutar hanta a baya-mataki
- Kwararrun kwayoyin cuta na jiki , wanda yawanci shine sakamakon cirrhosis hanta
- Ƙungiyar ƙwayar cuta ta jiki
- Low potassium da / ko sodium matakan, sau da yawa lalacewa ta hanyar diuretics amfani da su bi da ascites a cutar na gaba-mataki
- Benzodiazepines, wani abu mai mahimmanci ne wanda ake wajabta don shawo kan shan barasa
- Narcotics da anti-psychotic kwayoyi
- Yin amfani da shunts (wanda aka sani a cikin intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, ko TIPS), yayi amfani da shi don gyara jini a cikin hanta
Ta hanyar gano ainihin mawuyacin asibiti na likitanci, likitoci zasu iya magance cutar ta yadda ya kamata ta hanyar rage abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da wani harin.
Yaya Hanyoyin Hanyoyin Cutar Ba Cutar da Brain
Hanyoyin rashin lafiya na asibiti yakan faru ne a lokacin da hanta ba ya iya iya yin ayyukan al'ada ta al'ada.
A cikin mutanen da ke aiki da hanta mai haɗari, ana dauke da mahaukaci dauke da nitrogen daga hanji zuwa hanta, inda aka sarrafa su kuma an cire su daga jiki. Lokacin da aikin hanta ya ɓace, mahaɗan masu dauke da nitrogen sun fara haɓaka a hankali, wanda zai haifar da karuwa a matakan ammoniya.
Wadannan ƙwayoyin ammoniya sun yadu a cikin jini kuma su wuce ta cikin kwayar halitta mai kwakwalwa wanda ke kewaye da kwakwalwa. A can, suna haifar da kumburi daga cikin kwayoyin kwakwalwan da ake kira astrocytes, wanda hakan zai jinkirta samar da na'ura mai kwakwalwa don yin tunani.
Alamai da cututtukan cututtuka na rashin lafiya
Ƙwararrun cututtuka na asibiti yana da wuyar ganewa a farkon farkon cutar. Lalacewa, rashin tausayi, damuwa, da rikicewa sau da yawa alamun farko, mafi yawan wanda sauƙin rasa ko da a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar hanta.
Zai yiwu alama ta farko alama ce ta zama wani abu da ake kira salo mai barci, wanda mutum zai bar barci da rana kuma ya farka da dare. Hakanan ana iya biyo bayan wannan samfurori na gaba, wanda zai iya hada da:
- Lethargy
- Yanayin alamar alama ya canza
- Ƙara rikice
- Matsaloli tare da rubuce-rubuce da motsi mai kyau
- Hannun hannayen hannu ko hannuwan "yanki" na hannu
- Jirgin ƙwayoyin hannu ba daidai ba
- Halin da ba a hana ba
- Amnesia
- Lalacewa na gag reflex
Bayanai masu tsanani za su iya haifar da halin da ke damuwa, sau da yawa yawan ci gaba da raguwa da tashin hankali. Mutuwa yawanci yakan haifar da mummunar mummunan kwakwalwa (wanda ake kira cerebral edema).
Hanyoyin Harkokin Harkokin Harshen Harshe
Matakan da ke ɗauke da ƙwararrun asibiti suna da daraja a kan sikelin da ake kira Criteria na Yammacin Yamma, wanda ke nuna bambancin bayyanar cututtuka wanda ya danganta da matakin rashin lahani na jiki:
- Ƙananan: canje-canje a cikin motar mota ba tare da alamu na canji ba
- Darasi na 1: rashin fahimtar rashin fahimtar juna, yalwacewa ko damuwa, raguwa da hankali, sauya barcin barci
- Darasi na 2: rashin tausayi ko rashin tausayi, rashin tausayi, canjin halin mutum, rashin dacewar hali, matsalolin fasahar motocin, razana tare da "hannuwa"
- Darasi na 3: Yanki mai kwakwalwa, rikice-rikice, haɗari mai tsanani, rashin dabi'a
- Darasi 4: coma
Magungunan asibitoci kuma ana sanya su ta hanyar rarraba ainihin mawuyacin hali, ko ya kasance rashin cin zarafin hanta (Type A), hanya ta TIPS (Type B), ko cirrhosis (Type C). Kowane ɗayan waɗannan ƙididdiga na taimakawa wajen ƙayyade hanya mai dacewa ta hanyar magance yanayin.
Sanin asali
Abun ganewar asibiti na cututtukan ƙwayar cuta ne kawai za'a iya faruwa a gaban kasancewar cutar hanta da aka tabbatar da ita ko kuma a cikin mutanen da suka bi hanyar TIPS. An gane ganewar asali ta hanyar ban da duk sauran mawuyacin haddasa matsalar rashin lafiya.
An buƙatar gwaninta na asibiti domin ya sami ganewar asali ; Babu wani gwajin da zai iya tabbatarwa ko cire yanayin. Idan ana zargin ƙwararrun cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar cututtuka, likitoci zasu umurci batirin gwaje-gwajen, wanda zai iya haɗawa da:
- Ɗaya daga cikin gwagwarmaya na gani, motsa jiki da kuma basira
- CT yayi la'akari ko cire ko tabbatar da kwakwalwar kwakwalwa
- Electroencephalograms (EEG) idan an lura dasu
- Yin gwajin jini don bincika matakan ammoniya
- Samfurin samfurori daga kogin peritoneal (wanda ke raba ramin na ciki daga bango na ciki) don cire ko tabbatar da kamuwa da kwayar cuta
- Sauran gwaje-gwaje, ciki har da hasken X-ray da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, don ware wasu abubuwan da zai yiwu
Jiyya
Hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na asibiti yana da kyau. An magance jiyya sosai akan warware duk wani yanayin da zai iya haifar da wani harin. A wasu lokuta (irin su a cikin mutanen da suka aikata wani tsari na TIPS), yanayin zai iya warware matsalar ba tare da buƙata ba. A wasu lokuta, ƙaddamar da wasu miyagun ƙwayoyi ko kuma kula da ƙwayar jiki na iya inganta ingantacciyar cututtukan daji.
A cikin lokuta inda aka gano kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, kwayoyin maganin rigakafi za a tsara su a matsayin rifaximin . Bugu da ƙari, lactulose an ba da izinin zama na farko don farfado da samar da ammoniya a cikin hanji.
Sakamakon ganewa ga mutumin da ke dauke da cututtuka na asibiti zai iya bambanta sosai. Sakamakon ganewar asibiti, tare da batir na gwajin hanta, za a yi amfani dasu don sanin ko mutum zai buƙaci hanta hanta . A cikin mutane masu ciwon ciwon hanta, irin su cirrhosis da kuma ciwon hanta , hawan halayen hanta ya fi yawan nunawa.
> Sources:
> Vilstrup, H .; Amodio, P .; Bajaj, J. et al. " Harsashin Harkokin Lafiya a Cikin Kwayar Laifi: 2014 Ayyukan Gudanarwa daga AASLD da EASL." Ka'idojin AASLD Taitance. 2014: 3-67.
> Conn, H. "Harkokin kwantar da hankula." Schiff, L da Schiff, E., eds. Cututtuka na Halin . 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippicott; 1993: 1036-1060.