Labarun na Nuna Canjin Canji game da Ruwa
Hanyoyin al'adu game da kurakurai a kan tsararraki sun kasance suna nuna su da yawa daga wallafe-wallafen lokaci. A yawancin litattafan tsofaffi na tsofaffin al'amuran, marubuta sukan nuna maƙarƙashiya ne da marubutan da suka gan su kamar yadda aka bace su, lalacewa, ko kuma yaudara.
Yayinda masu marubuta na zamani sunyi zurfi wajen nuna hotunan a cikin haske mafi daidaituwa, akwai ƙaryar yaudara da rashin fahimta waɗanda suke cutar da mafi kyawun litattafan.
Litattafai na Pre-20th Century
Yawancin labarun farkon labarun da aka rubuta game da launi sun rubuta ta masu sauraro. Ɗaya daga cikin farkon shi ne Daniel Defoe, marubucin marubuta wanda ya rubuta rubutun Robinson Crusoe .
Littafin, Life and Adventures na Duncan Campbell , wani littafi ne na musamman don lokaci. An rubuta shi a shekara ta 1729, ya bayyana 'yar wani mutum mai suna Loggin a matsayin "mu'ujiza mai kyau da kuma kyakkyawar dabi'a" wanda ke da hankali sosai kuma ya iya yin magana da laushi sauƙi.
A nasa bangare, Defoe ya samo asirinsa daga aikin ubansa, wanda yake malamin makafi ne a Ingila.
Dangantakar Defoe wani abu ne mai ban sha'awa ga tsarin da ake yin saurin murkushewa a matsayin mai lalata ko kuma kayan aiki na yaudara. Daga cikin misalai:
- Cadwallader Crabtree a Peregrine Pickle by Tobias Smollett (1751), wanda ba kurma ba ne amma yayi kamar ya zama don yada asiri
- Quasimodo a cikin Hunchback na Notre Dame by Victor Hugo (1831), wani kurma, mai lalacewa hunchback wanda ya sadu da wani mummunan ƙarshe bayan da ƙauna da wani kyakkyawan gypsy
- Sir Kenneth na Scotland a cikin Talisman da Sir Walter Scott (1851), wanda yayi kama da wani bawan Nubian mai kururuwa domin ya rahuma wasu a cikin sojojin sarki
- Sarki da Duke a cikin Mark Twain Masu Zuwan Huckleberry Finn (1885), daya daga cikinsu yana yin kurma ne yayin da wasu ke amfani da harshen alamar karya ga wasu
Litattafai na 20th Century
Yayinda yake nuna haske a cikin haske kadan daga masu marubutan karni na 20, yawancin batutuwa iri iri sun ci gaba. Wannan gaskiya ne ba kawai ga haruffa ba amma wadanda ke da nakasa daga Tom Robinson a Kashe Mutun Mockingbird da Lenny a cikin Mice da Men to Laura a The Glass Menagerie . Dukkanan sun lalata haruffan da ba'a iya ƙaddara su bala'i ba.
A wannan lokacin, ana yin amfani da shi ne a matsayin ma'anar al'adun al'adu da yawa a cikin litattafai da labaru na karni na 20. Wadannan sun haɗa da halayen kamar:
- James Knapp a Gargadin Eugene O'Neill (1913), mai ba da sabis mara waya wanda ke saurare kuma daga bisani ya kashe kansa bayan ya haddasa hadarin SS Empress
- Tsohon Man a Ernest Hemingway ta "Gida Mai Tsabtace" (1933), wani mai wariyar launin fata, mai maye gurgu wanda bai buƙatar kome ba sai ya rufe kansa daga duniya
- Holden Caulfield a JD Salinger's The Catcher a cikin Rye (1951), wanda mafarki na kurme da rayuwa a cikin duniya na cikakken shiru
- Miss Tutti da Frutti a Harper Lee don kashe Mockingbird (1960), 'yan'uwa biyu' yan kururuwa wadanda suke da niyyar yin ba'a da zalunci daga 'ya'yan gari
Abin farin ciki, ba dukkanin rubutun kunnuwa ba ne aka yanke musu hukunci ɗaya. Yawancin mawallafin zamani sunyi matsi wajen motsawa a gaban kullun kuma suna nuna masu kururuwa kamar yadda suke zama masu girma tare da wadata, rayukan ciki. Wasu daga cikin misalan mafi kyau sun haɗa da:
- John Singer a Carson McCuller The Heart ne Hun Hunter (1940), wani mutum ne mai kurkuku wanda yake kula da haɓaka dangantaka da mutane a cikin kananan garin Georgia
- Linda Snopes Kohl a cikin William Faulkner ta Mansion (1959), wani kurma, matar da ke da karfi da ke haddasa rikici a cikin garin garin Mississippi lokacin da ta yanke shawarar ilmantar da yara baki
Alice Guthries a cikin Alice Flanigan ta Alice (1988), wani kurma ne, wanda ke da kyan gani, bayan mahaifinta ya watsar da shi, ya kula da ilmantar da kanta da kuma cin nasara da matukar matasanta.