Tarihin sauraro - Kurme, Ba a daɗe ba

Lokacin da Misalai aka Yi, Kowane Ɗaya Kasa

Yawancin mutane da yawa a cikin tsararraki - amma ba duka ba - sun tsere daga wani abin da zai rasa duk wata dama da za su samu rayuwa ta al'ada. Wato, ba a yi mana kuskure ba a lokacin da muka jinkirta. Na dogon lokaci, har zuwa kusan shekarun 1970, a wasu lokuta an yi wa wasu kurame rashin jin dadi kamar yadda ake jin dadi, tare da sakamako mai tsanani. Wadannan kurma m sun girma a cikin cibiyoyin - gidaje don jinkiri ko rashin tunani - ba tare da samun harshen ba. A lokacin da aka gano su zama kurma ne, ba a jinkirta ba, yana da jinkiri don su kare abin da ya rage rayuwarsu. Duk kuɗin da aka samu a cikin shari'ar ba zai iya dawo da yara ba, kuma ba ya ba su ilimin da ake bukata don tsira a cikin al'umma.

Wannan ya faru ne saboda an baiwa yara ƙanƙanta ƙanƙancin gwajin basira da ba su da kyau don gwada ɗararrun yara da kuma saboda jahilci marar hankali game da kurakurai. Ana kiran wannan a cikin litattafan da ke kan tarihin kurkuku, kamar littattafan Harlan Lane (1984).

Karancen da aka ruwaito a cikin jaridar News

Wadannan misalai na jaridu rahotanni akan wadanda ba a kula da kurame sun sami:

• Mattie Hoge Matsala - Mattie Hoge wata mace ne da ba ta jin dadi a cikin 1929 ko 1930, kuma an kafa ta a cikin gida na Forest Forest domin jinkirin shekaru 57 har sai an gano ta. Ba a jarraba Hoge ba daidai ba kuma wannan shine dalili na rashin fahimta. An ruwaito a cikin Washington Post ranar 14 ga watan Satumba, 1985, tare da bin labaran Fabrairu 6, 1988, shafi na b.04.

• Halin mutum a New York - A 1984, Jihar New York ta rasa karar a madadin wani kurma wanda ya yi kusan shekaru goma a gida domin jinkirta. New York ya biya mutumin nan kamar wata dala dala. An bayar da rahoton a cikin New York Times , Janairu 14, 1982, shafi na B2.
• Wani batun New York - Joseph McNulty, wanda aka haife shi a cikin farkon shekarun 60, an yi watsi da shi a shekarar 1966. Ba a gano kuskure ba har 1974.

• A Boston, Massachusetts, a cikin shekarar 1964, an gano mutum mai makafi, Joseph del Signore, a cikin tsarin asibiti. Wannan rahoton ya ruwaito a cikin Washington Post / Times Herald , Disamba 18, 1964, shafin A1.
• A Tulsa, Oklahoma, wani sauraron, mai shekaru 17, an gano bayan shekaru 12 a makarantar da aka jinkirtawa, a 1965. An bayar da rahoton a cikin Washington Post / Times Herald , Disamba 20, 1965, shafin A1.
• Jaridar The Journal of Journal (Akron, Ohio) ta ruwaito a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 2002, game da wani mutum mai shekaru 48 mai shekaru 48 wanda ya kashe shekarunsa 18 na farko a cikin gida don jinkirta bayan likitoci sun shawarci iyayensa su kafa dan yaro.

Bugu da} ari,] aliban da ke nazarin irin tasirin da ake yi wa harsuna da jinkirin ba su da masaniya game da batun wani macen da aka haifa mai suna Chelsea, wanda ba a gane shi ba kuma ba a gano shi har sai da ta kasance 31 (Curtiss, 1989).

Littattafai Game da Halin Misdiagnosis

Aƙalla mai tsira mai kurma ya rubuta wani littafi game da shi. Wannan littafi mai bugawa da Gallaudet University Press ya wallafa shi ne Ni Was # 87: Tsarin Kwararren Matattu na Misdiagnosis, Institutionalization, da Abuse (ASIN 1563680920), da Anne Bolander da Adair Renning. Bolander ba a yi la'akari da shi a lokacin yaro a shekarun 1960 ba kuma ya yi shekaru shida har zuwa shekara 12, a wata makaranta ta musamman a inda aka zalunta. Bolander ya tsira da kwarewar har ma ya ci gaba da zuwa kwaleji.

Wani littafi, ba ɗan adam ba ne, shi ne Kids tare da ƙarfin hali: Labarun gaskiya game da matasa suna yin bambanci (ISBN 0915793393) by Barbara A. Lewis. Wannan littafi yana nuna wani tarihin labarun, tarihin wani saurayi wanda aka gaya masa cewa ya dawo da yarinya.

Littafin na uku shine Dummy (1974) (ASIN 0316845108), na Ernest Tidyman. Wannan littafi ya kwatanta wahalar wani mutumin da ba wanda ya taɓa koyon kowane harshe, kuma an zarge shi da kisan kai da kuma sanya shi a gida don jinkirta.

Littafin na huɗu shine Allah Sane Sunansa: Gaskiyar Labari na Yahaya Doe No. 24 , da Dave Bakke (ISBN 0809323273).

Wannan littafin ya ba da labari game da mutumin da ba a san shi ba ne wanda aka gano a jihar Illinois na kiwon lafiya. An sanya shi a cikin gida don jinkirta bayan da ba a fahimta ba a 1945 (ba a bayyana ba daga littafin bayanin idan ya kasance tsufa ko yaro idan aka samo).

Sauran Misalai na Misalai

Kwararre mai kishi Kathy Buckley ya gaya wa mutane sau da yawa yadda aka saba yin la'akari da shi lokacin da yaro yana da shekaru shida. Abin farin, an gano kuskuren lokacin da ta ke da shekaru bakwai. Tana da tarihin kansa, Idan Kuna iya ji abin da na gani: Darasi game da Rayuwa, Luck da Choices Mun Yi (ASIN 052594611X). Wani mawaki mai kurkuku, Joan Popovich-Kutscher, an yi kuskure ne kuma an kafa shi daga kimanin shekaru uku har sai da ta tara. Wani mawaƙa mai kurkusa, James Moody, an ba da labarin a Pennsylvania a matsayin ƙarami.

Misalan Media Media na Misdiagnosis

Hanya na farko na bidiyon talabijin (ba a bidiyon bidiyon) Kuma sunanka Yunana ya nuna samari Yunana, wani yaro mai kurma wanda aka yi watsi da jinkirinsa, ana karanta shi don barin ma'aikata inda ya girma.

Littafin da aka ambata Dummy ya zama fim din 1979 wanda ya hada da Levar Burton. Bugu da ƙari, wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin na farko sune abubuwan da mutane da kurma suke tsammani za a jinkirta. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan labarin shine "Labarin" wanda ya shafi Walton a shekarar 1972.

Misalai a zamani

Abin takaici, irin wannan rashin fahimta yana faruwa a kasashe masu tasowa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Ba abin ban mamaki bane a yau, don gano yara masu kururuwa a gida don tunanin da aka jinkirta a kasashe masu tasowa. A tsohon tsarin Soviet Union na yara marayu, an ba da yara sau da yawa a cikin shekaru hudu kuma sun koma gida don tunanin da aka jinkirta. Ko da wata} asashen da ke cike da jin da] in rayuwa kamar {asar Amirka ba ta da ala} a da yin misalai. Littafin watan Disamba na 1998 na masu bayar da shawarwari na rashin lafiya / Mashawarci na Kudancin Texas ya ruwaito cewa a shekara ta 1994, an gano wani yaron wanda aka lasafta shi a hankali yana da mummunar sauraron saurare.

Daga Game da baƙi baƙi :
... Na danganci labarinku game da yara da ba su da yawa (kurame, wanda ake kira retarded). Na gano game da matsala na saurare na 2. A matsayi na 4, malamin zai buge ni ya kuma kira ni ya dawo, domin ban ji ta ba. Ta ba ta yi imanin na kurme ba, sai ta yi tunanin ina watsi da ita ko wauta. Dukan yara na yara na tun daga wannan lokacin sun bi ni kamar na zama wawa.

Lokacin da na kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandaren, tare da takardar shaidar Regents, ɗaya daga cikin abokan aikinmu (wanda na tafi makaranta da tun lokacin makaranta) ya dakatar da ni a zauren don taya ni murna, kuma ta ce mani mamaki cewa na samu wannan malaman , kamar yadda ta yi tsammani an sake dawo da ni. Wannan shi ne lokacin da na fahimci cewa duk rayuwata ta shafi wannan malami.

... An haife ni ne da mummunan hasara kuma ba wanda aka tsince shi. Lokacin da na kasance a farkon sa malamai sunyi tunani cewa na koma cikin tunani. Sun shawarci iyayena su sanya ni cikin kulawa da hankali, iyayena sun ce ba ta da hankali kan cewa dole ne ka kula da ita sannan kuma ta samu. Mahaifina ya koya mani a cikin dare abin da malamai ya koya mini a cikin makonni shida. Kashegari na karanta wa malami kuma ta ce na kirkushe shi. Ta aike ni zuwa ofishin babban ofishin inda zan karanta gaba zuwa baya, zuwa gaba, da tsakiyar zuwa bayan littafin kafin su tabbata cewa zan iya karantawa. Sun kira iyayena zuwa ofishin. Zan iya tunanin abin da ubana ya fada lokacin da mahaifiyata ta gaya masa dole mu je makaranta. Duk rayuwata dole ne in tabbatar wa mutane cewa ba ni da hankali ba da jinkiri. Ina da masu kulawa biyu da suka gaya mini sunyi tunanin cewa na dawo da hankali kuma na yi mamakin cewa ban kasance ba.

Shin, kai mai girma ne da ba'a fahimta ba lokacin da yaro ko kuma wani danginka ya yi kuskure? Bayar da kwarewa ko kwarewar danginku, tare da Masu sauraron Deafness.