Na al'ada, Ƙara, da Rage V / Q Sakamako
Kuskuren V / Q wani lahani ne wanda ke faruwa a cikin huhu wanda ke samun iska (musayar iska a tsakanin huhu da yanayin) da kuma farfaɗo (sashi daga jini ta cikin huhu) ba a daidaita daidai ba, alama ce ta al'ada ta nakasa cuta ( COPD ).
Abin da V / Q Yana nufin
Kafin mu tattauna abin da ke faruwa a cikin fassarar V / Q, yana da muhimmanci a faɗi ainihin abin da V / Q ke nufi:
- V yana nufin samun iska , iska da take numfashi cikin hanci da bakin, ta hanyar trachea, zuwa cikin bronchi, sa'an nan kuma ta sauka ta kananan ƙananan hanyoyi a cikin kananan ƙananan hanyoyi da aka sani da alveoli inda musayar oxygen da carbon dioxide ke faruwa .
- Q yana nufin turafa ko jini yana gudana. Daga zuciya, deoxygenated ("jini mai launin jini") yana wucewa ta hanyar arteries (wanda yafi kama da ciwon daji saboda suna da jini da ake buƙatar oxygen) ta wurin karami da ƙananan jirgi kuma a cikin caji (ƙananan jini) inda oxygen da musayar abinci faruwa.
Alveoli su ne mafi ƙanƙanci na hanyoyi, ƙwararren ƙwayar halitta kawai. Kusa da alveoli yana dauke da capillary, mafi ƙanƙan jini da kuma ƙwayar halitta kawai. Wannan shine wurin da musayar oxygen da carbon ke faruwa a cikin huhu, yayin da oxygen ya wuce daga alveoli zuwa capillaries, kuma carbon dioxide ya wuce daga capillaries zuwa alveoli.
V / Q ko samun iska / farfadowa yana nufin adadin iska wanda ya kai ga alveoli raba ta da yawan jini wanda ke gudana ta cikin capillaries a cikin huhu.
Fahimtar Ƙarin Matattu
Yana da muhimmanci a sake fassara "sarari marar mutuwa". Wannan yana nufin wani yanki inda alveoli da capillaries ba sa layi.
Wannan fili zai iya zama:
- Tsarin halitta marar mutuwa, wanda yake shi ne saboda dakatarwa ko dai ko hanyoyi ko hankalin jini, irin su tare da hawan jini ko kuma wani jiki na jiki wanda ya shiga cikin iska (dakatar da iska).
- Tsarin jiki na mutuwa, wanda yake faruwa a lokacin da tsarin iska ko hankalin jini ya zama al'ada, amma akwai wasu dalilan da ya sa alveoli da capillaries basu dace da su ba kamar dakatar da jini daga wani yanki na huhu (farfadowa na jiki) .
Tare da sararin samaniya, kai ne da gaske ya kawo jini zuwa wani yanki wanda ba zai iya karɓar oxygen ba, ko kuma kawo iska cikin yanki wanda bai iya cire oxygen ba.
Ana auna ka'idar V / Q
Ana auna ragamar V / Q ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje biyu. Don ƙaddara iska, mutum yana da maskurin rufe fuskarta kuma yana numfashi cikin iska radiyo. Don auna tsofaffi, ana amfani da sinadarin rediyo a cikin kwayar halitta. Sa'an nan ana kwatanta sakamakon wadannan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu.
Mene ne Ma'anar V / Q?
Kuskuren V / Q yana nufin cewa a wasu yankuna na huhu, alveoli da capillaries ba su tashi ko akwai fili marar mutuwa. Wannan na iya nufin cewa a wasu yankuna na huhu, akwai adadi mafi girma fiye da alveoli, a wasu kalmomi, yankuna a cikin huhu wadanda ke da jini fiye da ventilated.
A wasu wurare, akwai ƙarin alveoli tare da sababbin oxygen fiye da masu launi don karban oxygen. A wasu kalmomi, wasu sassan huhu zasu iya zama mafi kyau fiye da yadda aka yi amfani da su.
Wani mataki na rashin daidaituwa yana faruwa a kullum, amma idan ya karu fiye da wani batu, yana haifar da matsalolin. Me yasa V / Q ba shi da matsala? Kuskuren V / Q shine mafi yawan magungunan hypoxemia kuma wani ɓangaren mafi yawan cututtuka na rashin lafiya.
Hypoxemia wani lokaci ne wanda yake nufin matakin rage yawan oxygen a cikin jini. Lokacin da kwayoyin jikinsu ke hana oxygen (kuma sun zama lalacewa kuma suka mutu) saboda hypoxemia, ana kiran hypoxia.
Hanyoyin cututtuka na hypoxia na iya zama rashin ƙarfi, rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, rikicewa, kuma idan ba a yanke hukunci ba, mutuwa.
Dalilin V / Q Mismatch
Kuskuren V / Q za'a iya haifar da wani abu wanda ya ƙaru ko ya rage samun iska daga cikin huhu ko ƙãra ko rage ƙetare daga cikin huhu. A wasu kalmomi, duk wani abu da ya dame shi da iyawar iska mai iska don zuwa alveoli, ko wani abu da zai hana jini ya gudana ga capillaries. Dukansu biyu na iya rushe daidaituwa a tsakanin iska da iska.
Hanyar al'ada, Ragewa, da Ƙarin Rukunan V / Q
Yanayin V / Q na al'ada yana kusa da 0.80. Wannan yana nufin cewa kimanin lita 4 na oxygen zai wuce ta cikin huhu a kowane minti yayin da lita 5 na jini ya wuce ta cikin huhu.
Ra'ayin V / Q da aka ragu yana faruwa a yayin ko dai akwai rage samun iska a cikin huhu ko ƙarar turawa (ƙarin jinin jini ga huhu). Yanayi wanda zai haifar da ragowar rukunin V / Q sun hada da:
- Magunguna na zamani : Haɗuwa da bronchospasm , matosai na matosai, kumburi, da kuma haɗarin iska sun hada da ƙara samun iska kuma hakan ya rage ragowar samun iska zuwa furotin.
- Asthma
- Harshen kwaminis
- Airway ƙuntatawa (ƙuƙashin jiki na waje)
Wani haɓakar V / Q ya karu yayin da akwai samun karuwa mai yawa ko rage kaso (jinin jini zuwa huhu.) Ana iya ganin ragowar yawan V / Q akan:
- Abolism na yaudara: Jigilar jini a cikin mahaukaci wanda yakan fara ne a matsayin kututtukan jini a ƙafafun da ya fadi da tafiya zuwa ga huhu. Idan yayi babban isa, jini zai iya zubar da jini na jini wanda ya haifar da rashin jin dadi ga wasu sassan da ke samun iska. Sabili da haka V / Q yana ƙaruwa saboda samun iska (V) yana kasancewa ɗaya kuma jita-jita (Q) ya sauka. A kan V / Q, za a yi shaida cewa sassan jikin huhu a rarraba jini da aka shafa ba a baza su ba.
- Emphysema : Emphysema kuma zai iya haifar da wani girman girman V / Q. Saboda lalata da kuma lalata alveoli a cikin huhu, yanayin da ake samu don canja wurin oxygen da carbon dioxide ya sauka. Samun iska, sabili da haka, ke sama, yana haifar da ƙarin girman V / Q.
Sources:
Job, B., McCurry, C., Morissette, M. et al. Dama na Kumburi, Emphysema, da Cessation Coking a kan V / Q a cikin Mouse Models na Tashin Mota. Bincike na numfashi . 2014. 15:42.
Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatar Medicine ta Amurka. MedlinePlus. Maganin ƙwayar cuta / Furofayon Scan. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003828.htm.