Microbes da ke zaune a cikinmu kuma a kanmu suna fitowa daga jikinmu. Microbiota a cikin ƙuƙwalwar mutum yana ɗaya daga cikin halittu masu magungunan kwayan halitta da yawa waɗanda aka sani a cikin yanayi. Yana tsara aiki na rayuwa mai mahimmanci kuma yana da nasaba da amsawa kuma yana taimaka wa yanayin da hali. An danganta mummunan nau'o'in cututtuka daban-daban ciki har da cututtuka na ƙwayar cututtuka (IBD) da kuma ciwo na rayuwa.
Kyakkyawar kwayoyin halitta , a gefe guda, na iya samun aikin karewa kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Helicobacter pylori, wanda aka sani ne kawai don illa mai cutarwa.
Masana kimiyya sun gane cewa an gano H.pylori wanda ya faru a cikin ciki na Iceman Oetzi mai shekaru 5,300 mai shekaru uku da dubu dari biyar - wanda zai iya kare kariya daga fuka da fuka.
Microbiome ko Microbiota?
Microbiome da microbiota sun karbi yawancin latsa kwanan nan saboda cigaban kimiyya dangane da maganin cututtuka da kuma cututtukan da ke dauke da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Akwai wasu shuɗe-haɗe a hanyar da ake amfani da waɗannan kalmomi guda biyu. Dokta Jonathan Eisen daga Jami'ar California, Davis ya lura cewa an yi amfani da kwayoyin microbiome a cikin tarin kwayoyin halitta wanda ke zaune a cikin wani jiki a cikin jiki, misali, gutturar mutum. An fara amfani da kalmar a cikin 1800s kuma ya bayyana a cikin tsohon littafin Italiyanci akan obstetrics da gynecology.
Wasu wadansu mabuɗan amintacciya, irin su mujallar kimiyya ta Nature , sun kuma ƙayyade kwayoyin halitta kamar kwayoyin halitta a cikin microbiota. A ra'ayinsu, microbiota tana nufin dukkanin kwayoyin halitta.
Ko da yake akwai alamun rashin daidaituwa a cikin amfani da kalma, masana kimiyya ba su yarda da cewa taimakon microbes zuwa lafiyar mutum yana da muhimmanci.
Duk da haka, yana iya ƙalubalanci wasu lokuta don yin nazarin tasirin su na yau da kullum da kuma dangantaka da cututtuka zuwa cututtuka daban-daban.
Canja wurin Microbiome tsakanin Mutane
A shekara ta 2016, an wallafa wani binciken a cikin yanayin Magunguna wanda ya bayyana yadda za a canza mahaifiyar mahaifiyarta ga jariri.
An riga an tabbatar da cewa jariran da aka haifa ta waɗannan sassan ɓarke sun fi iya haifar da cututtuka na asali. Kamar yadda yanayin aikawa ba ya nuna su zuwa ga kwayar halitta na jiki, bayan da aka haife su, ƙwayar kwayar su ta kama kama da fata na fata. Ya bambanta, ƙananan jariran da aka haifa suna da kwayar halitta mai kama da mahaifiyar mahaifiyar mahaifiyar su, wanda ya kare ya kare su daga wasu cututtuka. Wani gwajin da Mataimakin Farfesa Maria Dominguez-Bello ya tsara daga Jami'ar New York ya dubi sauya mahaifiyar mahaifa ga jarirai da C-section ta haifa. Iyaye mata da aka haifa kuma an haifi jariran nan da nan bayan haihuwa. Lokacin da aka jarraba bayan wata daya, jariran da aka hana su tare da microbiome na banki har yanzu suna da kwayar halitta wadda ta kasance kamar kamajin uwarsa. Wadannan canje-canje na furen daji bayan wani sashe C, wanda aka fi sani da "suturar ƙwaya", na iya zama muhimmiyar hanya a nan gaba kuma zai iya taimakawa wajen kare wasu yanayi na yanayin kai tsaye.
Duk da haka, wasu masana sunyi gargadin cewa kodayake aikin yana ƙara karuwa, ba a tabbatar da amfaninta ba tukuna. Dokta Aubrey Cunnington, na Jami'ar Imperial College London, ta yi jayayya da cewa ambaliyar ruwa na iya kawo kwayoyin cutar da ƙwayoyin cuta wanda zai iya cutar da jariri. A halin yanzu, ana ba da shawara ga masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya kada su yi noma.
An yi nazarin kwayar cutar microbiota (FMT) ko kuma bacteriotherapy. Misali, an yi amfani da shi ga marasa lafiya wadanda basu da magungunan kwayan cuta a cikin ƙuƙwalwarsu saboda sakamakon maganin kwayoyin da suka gabata wanda ya hallaka kwayoyin da ke taimakawa.
Mutanen da aka bincikar da su tare da rikitarwa Clostridium difficile colitis (wanda zai iya faruwa a cikin mutanen da ke daukar maganin maganin rigakafi) za a iya magance su yanzu tare da canja wurin mai daga mai bayarwa . C. Ana iya ganin cututtuka masu kama da asibiti mafi yawan asibiti. Rashin kamuwa da cutar yakan haifar da ciwo mai tsanani. Biyu likitocin Denmark, Dokta Michael Tvede da Dokta Christian Rask-Madsen, sun ƙaddamar da wani nau'i na bacteriotherapy wanda ya nuna yiwuwar maganin cututtukan da ke hade da kwayoyin C.difficile . Kamar FMT hanyar su, wanda ake kira gyaran maganin bacteriotherapy (RBT), yana nufin mayar da ƙwayoyin microflora na al'ada na al'ada. Nazarin likitoci 55 da suka karbi RBT sun nuna cewa magani ya ci nasara har zuwa kashi 80 na marasa lafiya (tare da sakamako mai kyau a waɗanda ba tare da cututtuka ba). Tvede da Rask-Madsen sun yarda cewa akwai matsalolin da ke tattare da kowane lokaci lokacin da suke hana marasa lafiya da kwayoyin rayuwa, misali, kamuwa da jini zai iya ci gaba. Kwana goma bayan RBT, daya daga cikin marasa lafiya ya shigar da shi a asibiti tare da mummunan yanayin, mai yiwuwa ya haɗa da RBT.
Fasahar Man-Gut-on-a-Chip
Wata tawagar daga Jami'ar Harvard ta sami ci gaba sosai wajen nazarin kwayoyin cutar da kumburi ta hanyar amfani da fasaha na mutum-gut-on-a-chip zuwa masanin injiniya mai samfurin tsari na ƙwayoyin ɗan adam. Wannan samfurin-girman adadin ƙwaƙwalwa na kwamfuta - yayi amfani da yanayin yanayi a cikin hanji na jikin mutum, wanda ya sa masu bincike suyi nazarin kwayar cuta da kuma kumburi. A karo na farko, masana kimiyya sun iya nazarin irin wadannan maganganu na pathophysiological da kuma gudummawa na pathogens da sel a cikin vitro.
Ayyuka kamar uBiome suna fitowa, suna canza gwaji na kwayoyin jikin mutum a kimiyya. Duk da haka, waɗannan ɗakunan sanannun suna iya samun ƙuntatawa. Kimiyya har yanzu tana cikin jariri, da kuma kallon kawai a jikin kwayoyin cutar ba dole ba ne mu ba mu cikakkiyar hoto game da yanayin guttura da kuma lafiyar jiki ba.
> Sources:
> Blaser M, Chen Y, Reibman J. Shin Helicobacter Pylori Kare Kare Asthma da Allergy? BMJ Gut . 2008; (5): 561-567
> Cunnington A, Sim K, Deierl A, Kroll J, Brannigan E, Darby J. "Zubar da ciki" na jarirai haife ta ɓangaren Caesarean. BMJ .2016; 352: 1-2.
> Dominguez-Bello M, De Jesus-Laboy K, Clemente J, et al. Saukewa na Musamman na Microbiota na Cararean-haifaffan jariri ta hanyar Canja-da-gidanka na Nesa. Yanayin Magunguna . 2016; (3): 250-254
> Kim H, Li H, Collins J, Ingber D. Taimakawa na M kwayoyin da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa ƙwayar cutar ta jiki da kuma kumburi a cikin Gut-on-a-Chip. Ayyukan Cibiyar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Amirka ta {asar Amirka . 2016; 113 (1): E7-E15
> Maixner F, Krause-Kyora B, Zink A, et al. Mai shekaru 5300 Helicobacter Pylori Genome na Iceman. Kimiyya. 2016; 351 (6269): 162-165
> Tvede M, Tinggaard M, Helms M. Labari na asali: Tsarin Bacteriotherapy na Damawar Cutar Damarar Damarar Damara: Sakamako daga Babbar Jagoran 55 a Denmark 2000-2012. Clinical Microbiology Kuma Kamuwa da cuta . 2015; 21: 48-53