Tsarin Juyawa, Lamina da Ƙari. Anatomy na asali don sauran mu

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Kasusuwa na Spine

Bayanin ciwon baya na baya baya ya hada da sunan ɓangaren kashin da abin da likitanku ya yi imanin zafi ya taso. Wannan labarin shi ne hanya mai ƙananan haɗari a kan ginshiƙan kasusuwa na kasusuwa, don tunani.

An sanya sashin kashin baya na mutum 24 wanda ya fito daga kwanyar zuwa ga sacrum.

Kashi na fata - wanda shine ainihin kasusuwa 5 wanda ya fara fuse a kimanin shekaru daya, tare da fusion ya cika kimanin shekaru 30 - tare da kashin coccyx, ya cika kashin baya a gefen kasan. (The coccyx ne sunan da aka ba wa tailbone.)

A yankunan thoracic da lumbar da gefen haka, kashin baya yana haɗuwa da haƙarƙari da ƙusar ƙanƙara domin yin ginshiƙan, ko kuma ainihin.

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Vertebra

Kalmar 'vertebra' tana nufin kashi ɗaya. 'Vertebrae' shine nau'in kalma.

Gumma yana ƙunshi jikin cylindrical a gaba da zobe na baya a baya.

Jiki na vertebra ne mai wakilci; a wasu kalmomi, ginshiƙan kashin baya ne na 24 vertebrae, wanda aka ɗora daya a saman ɗayan. Wannan shi ne abin da ke bada nauyin nauyin nauyin kwakwalwa.

Ƙarjin ƙaran yana a haɗe a baya na jikin mutum; yana da sassan da ke taimakawa wajen haɗuwa da jiki (wanda zai iya samun rikitarwa, azumi.) Wadannan sassa suna bayar da wurare ga tsoka da ƙuƙwalwar haɗi don haɗawa.

Ƙirƙashin katako ya wuce ta cikin rami mai tsawo wanda aka kafa ta tsakiya a tsakiyar tsakiyar kashin baya, wanda ake kira canal spine. An gina katako na kwakwalwa daga cikin kwakwalwa na kowane nau'i 24 wanda ya ƙunshi shafi.

Ƙirƙirar rassan sun tashi daga ƙananan kafar kuma fita daga kashin baya ta hanyar ƙaramin rami a kan ɓangaren kasusuwa, wanda ake kira neuralforamina. An gina neuralforamina daga hanyoyi masu tasowa a tarnaƙi da ke kusa da kwakwalwa wanda aka kafa tare.

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Ƙungiyoyin Gida da Tsarin Kasuwanci

Ƙungiyar vertebral ita ce mafi girma da kuma mafi yawan goyon baya na vertebra.

Kamar yadda aka tattauna a sama, jikin kwayar halitta yana da babban tsari wanda yake taimakawa ta hanyar kwaskwarima. Gwajin kalma a saman juna a jikin jikin mutum.

Tsakanin gadon jikin mutum ne cututtukan intervertebral , wadanda ke da alhakin shawo kan lokacin motsi. Suna yin wannan ta hanyar yin aiki a matsayin matashi mai tafiya a tsakanin gabobi masu tsutsa .

Halin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa na yau da kullum sun haɗa da rashin daidaituwa ta disc da kuma diski mai laushi Ƙunƙarar baƙin ciki wani rauni ne wanda zai iya haifar da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya , amma ba koyaushe ba. A hanyar, kwakwalwar intervertebral sau da yawa shine wuri na farko a cikin kashin baya inda canje-canje na degenerative shekaru (wanda kyawawan mutane da yawa) ke faruwa.

Ƙungiyar vertebral ta bayyana wani ɓangaren gefen tsakiyar yankin a cikin ɓangaren kashin baya ta hanyar abin da igiyar tazarar ta wuce. Har ila yau, yana taimakawa ga ma'auni na ƙarshen gefe , wanda zai iya kasance wani wuri na canje-canje na degenerative.

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Hadin Facet

Haɗin facet yana samuwa a kan zobe a bayan gefen kashin baya.

An kafa shi ta hanyar tafiyar matakai (waxanda suke da alamu na kasusuwa) wanda ya fito daga wani ɓangaren haɗin kai na gefe - wanda a sama da kasa. A kowane matakin (wanda ake kira "sashi,") akwai haɗin haɗin dama da hagu. Wannan yana nufin 4 daga cikin wadannan matakai don shiga gine-gine a kowane mataki, ko sashi, na kashin baya. Matakan da suka hada da haɗin gwiwa sune ake kira "matakan sifofi."

Hanya na haɗin gwiwa ta haɗin ginin yana sa ya zama maɓalli mai mahimmanci don kiyaye dukkanin sashin layi a lokacin motsi.

Ana kiran dakin magunguna na zygapophyseal. Wannan kalma mai wuya ce, mutane da yawa, ciki har da masu aiki, sun fi son kalmar "facet hadin gwiwa."

Matsaloli da facet joints suna da magunguna na ciwon baya kuma kullum suna hade da cututtuka na asali da / ko degenerative spinal changes.

Wani matsala na baya wanda ake kira spondylolisthesis sau da yawa yana farawa tare da ƙananan ƙwayar cuta a cikin wani wuri marar launi na facet hadin gwiwa da aka sani da fas. Raunin farko shine ake kira lahani marar kyau; Ana haifar da shi ta hanyar motsa jiki kamar yadda irin matasan da suke horarwa suka yi. (Mutanen tsakiya, musamman ma wadanda suke da karba suna cikin haɗari don rashin lahani.)

A hagu ba tare da ɓoye ba, ɓarna mai lalacewa zai iya zama cikin spondylosis kuma a karshe spondylolisthesis, inda kashi daya ya zama abin ƙyama har zuwa ma'anar slipping gaba ko baya na kashi kusa da shi.

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Tsarin Gida da Tsayawa

Hakazalika da matakan da aka tattauna a sama, matakai masu sassaucin ra'ayi da haɗuwa sune tsinkayen kashi wanda zai iya cire murfin ƙaho a baya na jikin mutum. Tsarin gwiwar sassauki da ƙaura suna kallon kadan kamar yatsunsu.

A kan kowane vertebra, akwai matakai guda biyu da kuma tsari guda daya. Hanyar haɓaka biyu suna a kowane sashi na zobe, yayin da samfurori na tsakiya yana tsakiyar.

Wadannan matakai suna samar da shafukan da zasu iya mayar da tsokoki da haɗin haɗi.

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Rubutun

Jirgin abu ne mai takaitaccen kashi na kashi wanda ya zo kai tsaye a baya na jikin jikin mutum. Labaran ya kasance a tsakanin baya na jikin kwayar halitta da kuma hanyar kwashe. Akwai nau'i-nau'i guda biyu a kowace layi, ɗaya a kowane gefe.

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Lamina

Lamina shi ne ɓangare na vertebra wanda ya haɗa da tsari mai sassauci da kuma hanyar kwaskwarima. Akwai lamuna guda biyu, wanda yake a kowane bangare na tsari. Rashin lamarin yana da sau da yawa a gefen aikin tiyata lokacin da kake buƙatar taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka da ke haifar da matsa lamba a kan asalinsu. Wannan na iya faruwa a yanayin yanayin ƙwaƙwalwa.

Ɗaya da aka ba da tiyata ana kiransa laminectomy, amma akwai wasu, da kuma.

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Ƙwararren Ƙwayar Jiji da Kullun

Lokacin da ka ƙidaya katako da coccyx, toshe mai tsabta yana da tsayi mai maƙalli wanda aka sanya daga ƙasusuwan da suka hada da 26. Hukan da suke a gefen sassan (wanda ake kira neuralforamina, wanda aka tattauna a sama) an sanya su ta hanyar tsinkayar tsinkayar; Tushen jijiya sun fita wadannan ramukan, kuma dangane da yanayin kasusuwan da suke kewaye da su, suna iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a gaban ko babu ciwon baya.

Misalan matsaloli na yau da kullum waɗanda suka shafi tushen jijiyoyin ƙwayar jijiyoyi sun haɗa da diski mai laushi da ƙwaƙwalwa.

Ƙirƙiri na kashin baya yana wucewa ta hanyar hanyar tsakiya (canji na bayaji, riga an rigaya) wanda aka sanya ta cikin jigon magungunan kwayar vertebrae.

Kwayoyin jijiyoyi suna fitowa daga kashin baya a kowane matakin. Sassan farko sun kasance cikin sassan tsohuwar jijiya (an riga an tattauna su) sannan kuma su cigaba da zama a cikin jijiyoyin da suke zuwa dukkan sassan jiki don karbar bayanai masu mahimmanci da kuma yada kwakwalwa zuwa kwakwalwa, da kuma isar da umurni da motsi da kwakwalwa daga kwakwalwa ga tsokoki.

Tushen cututtuka na asibiti fita daga sararin samaniya (wanda ake kira intervertebral foramina) wanda aka halitta a tsakanin biyu kusa, stacked vertebrae.

Ƙungiyar taƙasa ta ƙare bayan na farko na lumbar (ƙananan baya) vertebra. Bayan haka, ƙwayar jijiyoyi ne da tushen da suka fi fallasa fiye da jijiyoyin dake zaune a sama. Wannan lakabin ana kiranta cauquin equina.