Ƙungiya bazai iya zama mai nuna alama na haɗari ba
Rahoton ya ci gaba game da yiwuwar hadarin cututtukan cututtuka na rashin lafiya (CTE), rashin lafiya na kwakwalwa. CTE alama a kalla wani ɓangare ne zai haifar da nau'i daban-daban na raunin kai na kai. Irin wannan raunin da ya ragu na iya haifar da aikin soja ko kuma daga wasanni masu hulɗa, kamar kwallon kafa na Amurka.
Akwai abubuwa da yawa wadanda masu binciken basu fahimci ainihin dalilai na CTE ba, da kuma muhimman abubuwan da suke sa mutane su kasance cikin hadari.
Duk da haka, akwai ci gaba mai girma cewa har ma da raunin raunin da ya haifar da rauni wanda ya fara haifar da bayyanar cututtukan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya zama tushen lalacewa.
Ma'aikata na lafiya da ke fitowa daga Harkokin Dan
Don fahimtar muhimmancin raunin da ya ci gaba da haifar da cutar CTE, zai iya zama da amfani wajen gane bambancin ciwo da kuma raunin rauni. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- Traumatic Brain Rauni
- Gwagwarmaya
- Ciwon ƙwaƙwalwa na Post-Concussion
- Rashin ƙwaƙwalwa (wanda ake kira raunin ciwo)
- Hanyar dajiyar cututtuka
Wadannan cututtuka suna da alaƙa, kuma a wasu lokuta na iya janyewa. Duk da haka, suna iya haɗawa da tafiyar matakai na jiki a kwakwalwa.
Mene Ne Raunin Rauni na Rauni?
Traumatic kwakwalwa rauni ( TBI ) yana nufin irin nau'in ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa wanda ya faru saboda wasu irin ƙuƙwalwa, busa, ko kuma sauran rauni na jiki. Za'a iya yin lalacewa ta hanyar ciwon kwakwalwa ta jiki (kamar yadda yake cikin raunin ciwon kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa) ko kuma a kaikaice, kamar yadda kwakwalwa ta girgiza a cikin kwanyar.
Yana nufin rauni ne saboda wasu irin karfi (kamar yadda ya saba da matsalar lafiya kamar bugun jini ).
TBI yana faruwa a wani nau'i mai tsanani, dangane da ainihin abin da ɓangarorin kwakwalwa suka lalace kuma yadda mummunan lalacewa yake. Mafi mummunar irin wannan raunin zai iya haifar da rauni na har abada ko ma mutuwa.
Amma ko da magunguna masu kyau na iya haifar da matsalolin, a cikin gajeren lokaci kuma a cikin dogon lokaci. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masu bincike suna koyo game da sakamakon da ake dadewa ga wasu mutanen da suka fuskanci TBI masu yawa.
Masu bincike suna koyon abubuwa da yawa game da abin da ke faruwa cikin kwakwalwa a cikin kwanakin, makonni, da kuma watanni bayan TBI. Ko da yake a wasu lokuta kwakwalwa zai iya komawa al'ada, a wasu lokuta akwai canjin canji a cikin kwakwalwa, musamman ma a cikin mutanen da aka nuna su da ciwo.
Mene ne Magana?
Ƙungiya za a iya la'akari da m nau'i na TBI. Kwayoyin cututtuka na rikice-rikice yakan bayyana ko dai bayan dama bayan rauni ko a cikin 'yan sa'o'i kadan. Babu fassarar duniya game da abin da rikici yake, amma wasu yiwuwar bayyanar cututtuka na rikicewa sun hada da:
- Ciwon kai
- Dizziness
- Balance da damuwa
- Disorientation
- Rashin fata
- Difficulty mayar da hankali ko tunawa
Lalaci na sani wani lokaci yana faruwa tare da rikice-rikice, amma bai zama na kowa ba. An gano gwajin ne bisa ga alamun mutum da tarihin rauni. Mafi yawan lokutan bayyanar cututtuka ba ta wuce fiye da mako guda zuwa kwanaki 10 (ko da yake wannan yana iya zama ya fi tsayi a yara da matasa).
Mene ne Ciwon Cutar Kutafi
Wasu mutanen da ke da rikici suna ci gaba da samun irin wannan bayyanar cututtuka.
Maimakon tafi, bayyanar cututtuka suna ci gaba bayan ciwon farko. Wadannan na iya ci gaba da wasu 'yan watanni har ma wani lokacin har shekara ɗaya ko fiye. Wannan ana kiran shi ciwo ne na baya-baya . Wadannan mutane na iya cigaba da bayyanar cututtuka daga rushewar su, kuma zasu iya samun ƙarin bayyanar cututtuka kamar ciki da damuwa.
Sakamakon ganewar cututtuka na cike da ƙwayar cuta shine wani abu mai rikitarwa - wanda masu bincike suna ƙoƙarin fahimta. Duk da haka, yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa ciwon rashin lafiya na baya-bayan nan ya bambanta daga CTE. A cikin ciwon ƙwayar cuta na baya-bayan nan, alamu na rikicewa na cigaba da da yawa cikin makonni ko fiye.
Wannan ya bambanta da CTE, wanda ba a bayyana alamun bayyanar shekaru da dama ba. A wannan lokacin bai bayyana abin da dangantakar ke kasancewa ba (idan akwai) tsakanin ciwo na baya-bayan nan da ci gaba na CTE.
Menene Rashin Gwaji?
Wani lokaci kwakwalwa yana fama da mummunan rauni amma ba a iya ganin alamun bayyanar cututtuka na rikici ba. Wannan za a iya rarraba shi a matsayin abin da ake kira "subconcussion." Irin wannan raunin da ya faru ba su dace da ka'idoji don ganewa da wani rikicewa. Mutum zai iya samun nau'i guda ɗaya ko biyu kawai, ko kuma babu alamar cututtuka. Duk da haka, shaidun gwaje-gwaje da samfurori da ke tattare da ƙananan bincike yana nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kwakwalwa na iya fama da lalacewar jiki (da kuma rauni na dindindin) amma ba tare da wani alamu ko alamu ba. Irin wannan raunin zai iya cutar da kwakwalwa idan sun sake faruwa a lokaci.
Dukkan rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice na iya faruwa a wasanni da yawa da kuma waje na fagen wasanni. Duk da haka, wasan kwallon kafa na Amirka yana da raƙuman kuɗi kuma haka ya zama wata mahimmancin bincike. Raunin raunuka, musamman, na iya faruwa akai-akai a cikin wasanni ko haɗuwar wasanni. Daya daga damuwa game da rikici shi ne cewa irin wannan raunin da ya faru ba zai haifar da kaucewa daga wasa ba.
Menene CTE?
CTE yana da yanayin da ke haifar da lalacewa ko mutuwa zuwa sassa na kwakwalwa a tsawon lokaci. Yana kaiwa ga bayyanar cututtuka kamar
- Lalacin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
- Kuskuren hukunci
- Karkashin rashin ƙarfi
- Dakatarwa, magana mai laushi
- Parkinsonism (haddasa tremor, rigidity, da kuma jinkirin motsi)
- Dama (kuma wani lokacin kashe kansa)
- Dementia (daga baya a cikin cutar)
Ba a fahimci matsalolin CTE ba. Duk da haka ana saran rauni na farko a taka rawa. Sashin ƙwayoyin cuta, wasu sunadarai sun fara tarawa a cikin kwakwalwa (kamar tau da TDP-43). A halin yanzu, babu gwajin da za a iya amfani dashi don tantance CTE a cikin mutane masu rai. Ana iya gano shi kawai ta hanyar nazarin kwakwalwa bayan mutuwa.
Hakanan, alamun bayyanar CTE sun bayyana shekaru bayan ciwo ta jiki, alal misali, a cikin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa mai ritaya. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba duk wanda ke fama da tasirin tasirin maimaitawa yana kama CTE ba.
Shin Kwarewar mai kyau ne ga CTE Risk?
A halin yanzu, shafukan wasanni sun fi mayar da hankali a kan rikice-rikice fiye da raunin da ya faru a ciki. Alal misali, Hukumar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta kafa wata yarjejeniya ta gaba don taimakawa wajen tantance lokacin da 'yan wasan zasu bari su koma wasan. Ana cire 'yan wasan da aka gano tare da rikici daga wasan wasa don ranar. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don sake dawowa daga magunguna bayyanar cututtuka.
Duk da haka, ba a fili ba cewa irin wadannan matakan tsaro sun kare 'yan wasan da kyau. Akwai tabbacin cewa raguwa, raunin da ya faru (wanda ba zai haifar da kauce daga wasanni ba) yana iya zama haɗarin CTE a cikin dogon lokaci.
Alal misali, bincike na 2018 da aka wallafa a cikin jarida ta jaridar Brain ya yi nazarin haɗin tsakanin haɗin gwiwar ƙwaƙwalwa da CTE. Dr Lee Goldstein, masanin farfesa a Jami'ar Medicine ta Jami'ar Boston, ya yi aiki tare da ƙungiyar masu bincike daga dama cibiyoyi. {Ungiyar ta bincikar wa] annan 'yan wasan da suka samu nasara, game da raunin da suka shafi wasanni. Sun kuma yi amfani da samfurin linzamin kwamfuta don nazarin illa daban-daban na cututtuka a kan bayanan CTE na baya (lokacin da aka bincika a karkashin wani microscope).
Sun gano cewa wasu ƙuƙuka da suka nuna alamun bayyanar rikice-rikicen bayan ƙaddamarwa ta farko ba su ƙara ci gaba da CTE ba. Duk da haka, wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin da aka fallasa su a cikin ƙararrakin (amma marasa tsanani) ba su nuna alamar bayyanar cututtuka ba. Amma wasu daga cikin wadannan ƙwayoyin suka sake samo alamun CTE.
Ƙungiyar ta yanke shawarar cewa wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka haifar da rikici na iya taimaka wa CTE . Duk da haka, rikici kanta ba ze zama dole ya jawo tsarin ba. A cikin sanarwar manema labaru, Dokta Goldstein ya ce, "Wadannan binciken sun bada hujjoji mai karfi - hujjoji mafi kyau da muke da shi yanzu-wannan tasirin da ke cikin rikice-rikicen ba kawai ba ne kawai mai hadarin gaske amma har ma yana da alaka da CTE."
Hanyoyi akan Sporting
Ƙungiyar wasanni na iya buƙatar la'akari da tasirin waɗannan ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar haɗari yayin da ake bunkasa jagororin, baya ga biyan kiyayewa a yanzu akan rikice-rikice. Rashin lalacewa daga raunin raunin da ya faru ya nuna ya tara a tsawon lokaci. A halin yanzu, ba mu da cikakken bayani game da yawan tasirin da ake yi wa 'yan wasa da lafiya kafin su kawo karshen wasan, kakar, ko aiki. Duk da haka, saboda kare lafiyar 'yan wasan, ana buƙatar canje-canje don iyakance yawan adadin rinjaye ga' yan wasan. Ya kamata masu wasan su zama koyon ilimi cewa ko da mawuyacin halin da ake ciki ba zai iya kara haɗin CTE ba.
> Sources:
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> Baugh CM, JM, Riley DO, et al. Hanyar cututtuka na yau da kullum na rashin jin dadi: neurodegeneration bayan kwatsam da kuma ciwon kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa. Br ain Imaging Behav . 2012; 6 (2): 244-54. Doi: 10.1007 / s11682-012-9164-5.
> Scorza KA, Raleigh MF, O'Connor FG. Maganganun yau da kullum a cikin rikice-rikice: kimantawa da gudanarwa. Am Fam Likita . 2012 Janairu 15, 85 (2): 123-32.
> Tagge CA, Fisher AM, Minaeva OV, et al. Gwagwarmaya, ciwon zuciya da ƙwayar cuta, da kuma farawa da sauri a matasa 'yan wasan bayan tasiri da rauni da kuma samfurin haɗin gwaninta. Brain . 2018; 141 (2): 422-458.
> Willis MD, Robertson NP. Hanyar cututtuka na yau da kullum: rashin fahimtar wadanda ke cikin haɗari da fahimta. J Neurol . 2017; 264 (6): 1298-1300. Doi: 10.1007 / s00415-017-8508-x.