Bayan fiye da shekaru 3,000, suna da mahimmanci kamar yadda suke
A dukan duniya, ana sayar da kwaroron roba na biliyan shida zuwa tara a kowace shekara. Abin takaici, amfani da su ba a karbi bakuncin duniya ba - wannan duk da cewa masana sun yarda cewa amfani da robaron roba ba zai iya rage yawan ƙwayar cutar HIV a kowace shekara.
Ko da cocin cocin Katolika, wanda ya daina hana juriron roba don yin amfani da haihuwa, shugabannin sun zama masu amincewa da su a cikin al'amuran musamman.
Duk da haka, wasu a coci suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin kwakwalwa don inganta jima'i daga cikin jinsin aure kuma suna hukunta su sosai.
Amma ra'ayoyin suna motsawa. A shekara ta 2010, Rev. Federico Lombardi, ya yi magana a madadin Paparoma Benedict, ya bayyana cewa yin amfani da robaron roba daga mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV zai iya kasancewa "mataki na farko na alhakin, da la'akari da haɗari ga rayuwar mutumin da yake da dangantaka ... ko dai namiji ne, mace ko kuma 'yar mutum. "
Benedict, wanda ya maye gurbinsa, Paparoma Francis ya kasa fahimta game da ra'ayoyinsa, amma ya bayyana cewa kwaroron roba na iya kasancewa "ƙarami mara kyau" idan aka kwatanta da zubar da ciki amma ya ƙi yin magana game da amfani da shi wajen hana cutar HIV.
Tarihin ƙwaroron roba sun kasance da mummunar irin wannan rikici, ƙaddara, ci gaba, da kuma kasawar. Muna ba da hotunan wasu lokuta masu mahimmanci da kuma fahimtar dalilin da yasa robaron roba ya zama mahimmanci kamar haka:
1,000 BC
Kamar yadda kowa zai iya fada, wannan shine lokacin da aka yi amfani da kwaroron roba.
Ba kamar labarun yau da kullum ba ko polyurethane, an halicci kundin roba na farko a cikin takarda siliki, lallausan lilin, fata, ko ƙaho mai haske.
200 AD
Hotunan hotuna da suka dawo zuwa shekara ta 200 AD suna nuna amfani da robaron roba, shaidar farko da aka sani na amfani da su.
1500s
Wani likitan Italiya wanda ake kira Gabrielle Fallopius (wanda aka kwatanta da shi a matsayin mai kwakwalwa mata) ya nuna cewa za a yi amfani da kwaroron roba na zanen lilin don karewa daga syphilis, annoba mai mutuwa a wannan lokacin a tarihi.
1640s
Wani mai bincike ya gaskanta cewa manoma a Condom, Faransa sun fara amfani da tumaki tumaki kamar kwaroron roba, watakila asalin kumburi mai yalwaci - da kuma sunan mai amfani da na'urar. Ƙara koyo game da
1660s
Wani rukuni ya yi imanin cewa an yi amfani da kalmar "robaron roba" a lokacin da aka ba Charles II an mai ciki na tumaki don amfani da kwaroron roba ta hanyar likita mai suna, Condom. Duk da haka, wasu sun nace cewa "robaron roba" ya fito ne daga kalmar Latin da ake nufi da ma'anar "jirgin ruwa."
1774
Giacomo Casanova mai ban mamaki ya rubuta game da hanyar gwajin gwajin roba a cikin tunaninsa, dalla-dalla yadda zai busa su don gwada ramuka da hawaye.
1855
Ana gabatar da roba a matsayin bangaren kwakwalwa. A wannan lokacin, an shawarci mutane cewa za'a iya wanke wannan rubber kuma za'a sake yin amfani da su har sai sun rushe. Koyi yadda za a yi amfani da kwaroron roba daidai .
1861
Kwaroron roba na farko na Amurka ya bayyana a New York Times.
1912
Gabatarwa na latex yana sa condoms cheap da kuma yarwa. Sabili da haka, amfani guda daya, an haifi mahaifa roba . Ta yakin duniya na biyu, an yi amfani da robaron roba mai kwakwalwa da aka ba da dakaru zuwa duk faɗin duniya. Koyi abin da za a yi idan katakon roba ya karya .
1920s
Bayan yakin duniya na farko, Faransa ta yi amfani da ƙuntataccen roba da sauran ƙwayoyin ƙwaƙwalwa don mayar da martani game da haihuwar haihuwa.
1950s
Anyi amfani da robar roba ta kwasfa ta hanyar samar da su da haske, da sauƙi da kuma lubricated. Har ila yau, an gabatar da tip na tafki wanda yake tattara maniyyi a ƙarshen, yana rage haɗarin lalata da kuma rashin ciki. Koyi yadda za a daidaita girman damba .
Shekarun 1980
Da zarar abin kunya ne kuma an haramta shi daga tallace-tallace ko a talabijin, bayyanar cutar kanjamau kamar yadda cutar ta kamu da jima'i yana ɗauke da kwaroron roba a cikin al'ada. Masana sun yarda cewa kwaroron roba ne hanya mafi kyau a waje da abstinence don kauce wa cutar HIV. Koyi dalilin da yasa mutane da yawa suna kaucewa kwaroron roba .
2006
Kasuwancin kwandon ya kai biliyan tara a dukan duniya.
Masana sun gano magunguna masu amfani da su don hana haifa zai iya kara haɗarin cutar HIV da batun gargaɗin game da amfani da su. Bugu da ƙari, tare da bayyanar da ciwon daji, an yi katakororon roba na polyurethane ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon hagu. Koyi game da kurakuran ƙwararron condom ba za ku taba yin ba .
2013
Billionaire philanthropists Bill da Melinda Gates sun ba da kyautar $ 100,000 don mafi kyawun samfurin kwakwalwa na gaba, wanda kalubalen da ke yaduwa ga masu jarida da kuma mayar da hankali ga wasu daga cikin hanyoyin kirkirowa , ciki har da wani nau'in da zai "ƙyamar kunsa" don dacewa da azzakari. tsarin samfurin graphene ya ruwaito ya zama sau 100 da ƙarfin karfe.
2017
Nottingham, Birtaniya ta Birtaniya ta Birtaniya ta gabatar da shi. Akan sayar da shi a matsayin sabon kwarroron roba na duniya. Na'urar, wanda shine ainihin zobe wanda ya yi daidai da tushen kwakwalwa roba, zai iya ba ku lissafi a kan kowane bangare na azzakari da jima'i da ba ku da bukatar sani (kamar girth, calories ƙone, da sauransu) amma har ila yau ya yi iƙirarin cewa zai iya gane kamuwa da cututtuka irin su chlamydia da syphilis.
Sources:
> Donadio, R. da Goodstein, L. "Bayan Bayanan Condom, Vatican Tabbatar Shift." New York Times; Nuwamba 23, 2010.
> Khan, L; Mukhtar, S. Dickinson, I .; et al. "Labarin zuwan roba." Ind J Urology . 2013; 29 (1): 12-15.
> Weber, P. "Ku sadu da kwaroron roba 11 na nan gaba da Bill Gates ya zaba." A mako; Nuwamba 21, 2013.
> Winfield, N. "Paparoma Francis ba ya son magana game da cutar HIV da kwaroron roba." Insider Business, Nuwamba 30, 2015.