Idan kai ko wanda kake ƙauna yana nazarin kwayar cutar ciwon huhu, zai iya zama lokacin damuwa da damuwa. Amma ta hanyar koyon yadda za ka iya game da yanayin, ciki har da gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don gano shi, to yanzu kana da gudummawa wajen kulawa da kai.
Har ila yau, ƙoƙari ku zauna a cikin tsari yadda ya kamata, ku kasance masu bincike game da zaɓar mahaɗan ciwon magunguna na ku, kuma ku halarci alƙawari da gwaje-gwaje tare da abokin tarayya ko ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunatacce.
Pre-ganewar asali
Wani ganewar asali na ciwon magungunan ciwon magungunan ciwon ya fara da tattaunawa mai kyau da likitanku. Bugu da ƙari, yin nazarin bayyanar cututtuka, likitanku zai iya tambayarku tambayoyi game da kwayoyin cutar ciwon magungunan ƙwayar cuta , kamar ko kuna shan taba sigari (ko da tarihin shi) ko kuma kuna da wasu sharuɗɗa a cikin aiki.
Dole likitanku zai yi nazari na jiki. Ga maza, wannan ya haɗa da jarrabawar gwaninta da gwajin ta prostate ; ga mata, ana gudanar da gwajin kashi biyu . Dalilin wadannan gwaje-gwajen shi ne ganin idan wani abu mara kyau zai iya ji, kamar ƙwayar mafitsara.
Hakanan ana aiwatar da al'adun gaggawa da gaggawa don tabbatar da bayyanar cututtuka ba daga kamuwa da cuta ba, wanda yafi sanadin ciwon daji. Idan ba tare da kamuwa da cuta ba ko kuma idan wani abu ya kasance marar ciki tare da gwaje-gwaje ko jarrabawa, za a kira ku zuwa likitan ilimin likitancin likita, likita wanda ke da ƙwarewa wajen magance cututtuka na tsarin urinary (da kuma tsarin haihuwa na namiji).
Labaran Lab
Idan ka ziyarci urologist, za su umarci ƙarin gwaji masu mahimmanci don taimakawa gane asalin yanayinka.
Urine Cytology
Tare da cytology na fitsari, likita ya dubi ƙarƙashin kwayar cutar a jikin mutum na samin fitsari don bincika kwayoyin cututtuka. Yayin da cytology na gaggawa yana da kyau a hukuncin da ke fama da ciwon magungunan ciwon magungunan ciwon daji, ba ƙwararrun abin dogara ba ne don yin maganin ciwon daji.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ba gwajin gwaje-gwaje mai kyau ba kuma yana amfani da mafi yawa a cikin mutanen da ke da alamun ko alamun cutar ciwon daji.
Alamar Tumatir Urine
Akwai gwaje-gwaje masu yawa waɗanda zasu iya neman wasu sunadarai ko alamomi a cikin fitsari waɗanda suke da damuwa ga ciwon daji. Kamar yadda ake kira cytology, fitsari ƙwayoyin tumor suna da iyakarsu. Wadannan gwaje-gwaje na iya kusantar da mutanen da ciwon magungunan ƙwayar cuta ko kuma gwaji na iya zama mahaukaci a cikin mutanen da ba su da ciwon daji, wanda zai haifar da tashin hankali da kuma karin gwaji.
Gwaje-gwajen Tsarin Mulki
Yanzu, bari mu dubi mafi ƙayyadaddun abu, duk da haka daɗaɗɗen tsari, gwajin gwaji.
Cystoscopy
Tare da gwaje-gwaje na gaggawa, likitan ilimin likitancin jiki zaiyi amfani da cystoscopy , gwajin gwajin zinariya don bincikar ciwon daji. An yi amfani da cystoscopy a ofishin likitan ku a karkashin maganin rigakafi na gida. Yana da ƙananan haɗari, ko da yake zub da jini da kamuwa da cuta zai iya faruwa. Wani lokaci cystoscopy an yi a cikin dakin aiki a karkashin ƙwayar cuta, ma'ana za ku bar barci.
A yayin da ake daukar hoto, wani likitancin jiki zai sanya cystoscope, mai sauƙi, kayan aiki kamar tube wanda yana da haske da ƙananan kyamarar bidiyo, ta hanyar kututtuka da kuma cikin mafitsara. Za'a ƙidaya kodarka da gel idan kana cikin ofishin likitanka.
Bayanan da aka ba da maganin bakararre sai a injected a cikin mafitsara, don haka an miƙa shi kuma ya cika. Urologist zai yi amfani da cystoscope don ganin rayuka na ciki daga cikin mafitsara don ganin idan akwai ciwon sukari (ko ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta) a yanzu. Idan akwai ƙari, za su iya ganin inda yake daidai, abin da yake kama da shi, yadda girmansa yake, da kuma akwai akwai abubuwan da ke cike da mucosal.
Binciken Tsarin Magungunan Tumatir
Yayin da ake daukar kwayar cutar, idan an gani wani ɓangare ko ɓangaren magungunan mafitsara, likitan urologist zai dauki biopsy daga gare shi. Irin wannan kwayar halitta ne ake kira ciwon magungunan ƙwayar mafitsara, ko TURBT, kuma yana dauke da likita cire tumɓin jini da kuma ɓangare na murfin murya a kusa da kututture.
Idan ba a gano kyama ba amma likita yana damuwa game da ciwon daji (fitsari cytology na iya zama tabbatacciyar), zasu iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyin magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna kuma la'akari da shan biopsies na wasu sassa na tsarin urinary, kamar urethra da prostate (idan namiji).
Bayan haka, likita da ake kira likitan ilimin likita zai iya duba biopsy a ƙarƙashin microscope kuma duba idan kwayoyin ciwon daji ke samuwa. Wannan yana bada tabbaci game da ganewar cutar ciwon daji. Kuma, idan an tabbatar da ciwon daji na ciwon magunguna, za a iya ƙaddamar da ciwon daji. Akwai maki biyu na ciwon daji a cikin mahaifa:
- Magungunan ciwon magungunan ƙananan ciwon ƙwayar cuta: Wadannan kwayoyin cutar Kanada suna kama da kwayar cutar ciwon daji na al'ada.
- Magungunan ciwon magungunan ƙananan ciwon daji: Wadannan kwayoyin cutar Kanada ba su kama da kwayar cutar ciwon daji na al'ada.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayar magungunan magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta suna dauke da mafi muni kuma saboda haka wuya a magance su fiye da marasa lafiya.
Gwaje-gwajen Hoto
Ana kuma buƙatar gwaje-gwajen hotunan don gwada lafiyar cututtukan daji.
CT ko MRI Scans
Wani nau'in hoto na CT shine jarrabawar hoton da aka yi amfani dasu don kimanta kodan, kodaya, da mafitsara. Zai iya bayar da bayanai mai mahimmanci game da ciwon mafitsara, kamar girmansa, siffarsa, da kuma wuri kuma da ciwon daji ya yada a waje na mafitsara.
Hoto na URI na iya zama mai amfani, ba da ƙarin bayani daga CT scan. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin mutanen da suke fama da rashin lafiyar bambancin launi, wanda aka yi amfani da su a CT scan , amma ba MRI ba.
Sauran gwaje-gwajen Hotuna
Wani lokaci wasu gwaje-gwajen hotunan an umurce su, mafi yawa idan ba'a samo CT ko MRI ba.
- Kwayar jigilar jini, ko IVP, wata hanya ce wadda aka yi amfani da dye a cikin jikin mutum sannan kuma an cire x-ray na tsarin tsarin urinary. (Kwayoyin koda da mafitsara tasa bazai buƙatar launi ko radiation ba, don yana amfani da raƙumin sauti don samar da hotuna.)
- Ana yin x-ray kirji domin sanin idan ciwon daji ya yada zuwa ga huhu.
- Za'a iya ba da umurni da kashi kashi idan mutumin da ke fama da ciwon magunguna yana da ciwon nama.
Tsarin
Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararren ƙwayar ka, likitanka zai ƙayyade matsayinsa, ma'anar yadda ciwon daji ya yada. Gaba ɗaya, ƙwarewa da ƙwarewar ciwon ku yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a kan yadda ake kula da ciwon magungunan ciwon mafitsara da kuma damar dawo da ku.
Ƙararren kwayar cutar ciwon daji a jikin mutum yana ƙaddara daga abubuwa uku:
- Sakamakon biopsy / TURBT
- Binciken jiki wanda likita ke yi yayin da yake karkashin maganin cutar (lokacin da aka yi TURBT)
- Nazarin hoto
Sashe na 0 shine matakin farko na ciwon magungunan ciwon mafitsara kuma yana nufin ciwon daji ba ta yada ta cikin rufin ciki na mafitsara. Mataki na IV shine mafi matukar ci gaba kuma yana nufin ciwon daji ya yada zuwa ƙashin ƙugu, ciki, ƙananan lymph nodes, da / ko wurare masu nisa a jikin.
Kwararren likitan ciwon daji zai yi amfani da haruffa guda uku (tare da lambobi bayan haruffa) don kara bayyana halin mutum:
- T ga Tumor: Wannan fasalin ya kwatanta yadda cutar tumatir ta girma. Alal misali, ko yayi girma a cikin murfin murfin magunguna ko a'a.
- N ga Nodes: Wannan fasalin ya bayyana ko ciwon daji ya yada zuwa duk wani nau'in lymph a kusa.
- M ga Metastasis : Wannan yanayin ya bayyana ko ciwon daji ya yada zuwa wasu sassa na jiki, kamar hanta, kasusuwa, ko kuma huhu.
Mafi girman lambobi bayan wadannan haruffa, mafi mahimmanci tare da ciwon daji ne kuma mafi wuya shi ne mu bi da.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Ciwon Ƙwayar Yammacin Amirka. Gwaje-gwaje don Ciwon Magunguna. Mayu 2016.
> Chang et al. Binciken da kuma maganin ciwon magungunan ciwon magungunan ƙwayar cuta ba: AUA / SUO jagora. J Urol. 2016 Oktoba 196 (4): 1021-9.
> Chou R et al. Masu sarrafa kwayoyin halitta don ganewar asibiti na ciwon magungunan ciwon mafitsara. Ann Intern Med . 2015 Dec 15; 163 (12): 922-31.
> Lotan Y, Choueiri TK. Ilimi na haƙuri: Ciwon daji da maganin ciwon daji na ƙwayoyin cuta (Beyond the Basics). A: UpToDate, Lerner SP (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.
> Mai ƙarfi NE, Izawa J. Jadawa na jagororin akan ciwon magungunan ciwon magungunan ƙwayar cuta (EAU, CUA, AUA, NCCN, NICE). Bl Ciwon daji. 2016; 2 (1): 27-36.