Yaya cutar CFA ta ƙare a cikin Iyaye
Kana iya mamakin sanin cewa cystic fibrosis (CF) ba wata cuta ce ba. Ana shafar kimanin mutane 30,000 a Amurka da mutane 100,000 a dukan duniya, shi ne mafi yawan marasa galihu da aka samu a tsakanin Caucasians. Haka kuma cututtuka na faruwa a wasu jinsuna, amma yawancin ƙasa akai-akai.
Cystic fibrosis an lalacewa ne ta hanyar lahani a cikin tsarin gwanin gizon filarosis transmembrane (CFTR).
Akwai haɓaka fiye da 1200 na fadin CFTR wanda zai iya haifar da cystic fibrosis. Hanyar wannan lalacewar CFTR ta hanyar iyaye zuwa yara ya dogara ne akan wasu dalilai.
Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙwarar Ba da Jima'i ba
Dukkan mutane suna da nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i biyu na chromosomes ba tare da jima'i ba da jinsin chromosomes biyu. Ma'aurata 22 da ba a haɗa jima'i ba suna kiransa chromosomes. Jirgin da yake da nakasa a cikin cystic fibrosis (CFTR gene) yana faruwa a cikin na biyu na chromosomes. Tunda yake faruwa a daya daga cikin nau'in nau'i nau'i biyu na chromosomes, lalacewar fibrosis na kyamarar ita ce autosomal. Ba jima'i ba ne, don haka cutar kawai ba ta wucewa kawai ta mahaifi ko uba ba kuma zai iya faruwa a kowane jinsi.
Mahimmanci yana nufin cewa duka chromosomes a cikin biyu dole ne su kasance marasa lahani don samun cutar-duka iyayensu dole ne su kasance masu ɗaukar jigon jini don yaron ya sami CF. Idan mutum yana da nakasa guda daya, shi ko ita za ta kasance mai ɗaukar mota amma ba zai sami cutar ba.
Ta Yaya Yarinya Zai Sami Cif Idan Babu wanda yake cikin Iyali?
Tun lokacin da CF yake aiki ne, dole ne yaro ya karbi nau'in kwayoyin cuta biyu don a haife shi tare da cutar. Kamar yadda yake tare da dukkan nau'in nau'i biyu, wanda aka gaji daga mahaifiyarsa kuma wanda aka gaji daga mahaifinsa. Wannan yana nufin cewa duka iyaye dole ne su dauki nauyin sifa ko kuma suna da CF da kansu don su haifi jariri tare da CF.
Mutanen da suke sufuri suna da nau'in ɓangare guda kawai. Ba za su sami CF ba kuma ba su da wata alama. Kimanin kashi 4 cikin 100 na dukan Caucasians ne masu sufuri na CF.
Idan iyaye biyu suna da magungunan kamfanonin CFTR, to akwai kimanin kashi 25 cikin dari cewa jaririn zai sami CF ko 50% damar cewa jariri zai zama mai ɗaukar kwayar halitta amma ba cutar da kuma 25% damar da jaririn ba zai zama mota ba.
Akwai ƙwayoyin da yawa na masu sintiri a cikin iyali ba tare da wani wanda ke fama da cutar ba. Sau da yawa, mutane basu san cewa su masu sufurin ba ne sai an haifi jariri tare da CF. Gwajin kwayoyin halitta yana samuwa don sanin idan mutum yana ɗauke da lahani na CF, amma ba a yi yawa ba sai dai idan ma'aurata suna da dalili na zaton cewa zasu iya zama masu sufuri.
A gaskiya ma, yara da manya za a iya gwada su akan samfurin CF din ta hanyar swab ko samfurin jini don ganin idan suna sufuri. Kodayake gwaji mai mahimmanci cikakke ne, wasu maye gurɓata ba za'a iya ganowa ba-saboda haka mutum wanda yayi gwajin gwagwarmaya don maye gurbi na CF zai iya zama mai ɗaukar mota.
Sources:
Boyle, MP, MD. "Fibrosis na Adult Cystic." Journal of the American Medical Association. 2007 298: 1787-1793.
A Genetics na Cystic Fibrosis. Jami'ar Virginia Health System. Nuwamba 7, 2005.