Ma'anar: Microsporidiosis wani cututtuka ne wanda ke samuwa ta hanyar jinsuna daban daban na fungi, microsporidia . Kwayar cutar, wanda zai iya tasiri ga gastrointestinal tract da sauran sassa na jiki, an kusan ganinsa a cikin mutane tare da tsarin mummunan tsarin kwakwalwa, irin su wadanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV . Sau da yawa fiye da haka, kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa lokacin da CD4 ya ƙidaya a kasa 100 kwayoyin / mL.
Yayinda microsporidiosis ya fi dacewa da halayen bayyanar cututtuka, ciki har da cututtuka mai tsanani da ɓata , wasu nau'ikan microsporidia na iya rinjayar kodan, huhu, sinuses, idanu da tsarin kulawa na tsakiya, kazalika.
Tun da farko an yi la'akari da cewa kasancewar hanyar maganin ta hanyar daji, binciken binciken kwayoyin ya tabbatar da cewa microsporidia ya zama memba na mulkin fungi. A halin yanzu akwai nau'o'in microsporidia guda 14 da aka san su harba mutane.
Yanayin yawan kuɗi
Shaidu na yanzu yana nuna cewa yawan kwayar microsporidiosis tsakanin kamfanonin HIV dauke da kwayar cutar HIV ya ragu, kusan kashi 1.6%. Duk da haka, wasu binciken sun nuna cewa kamuwa da kamuwa da microsporidial a cikin wadanda baya-baya wadanda ke da alamun bayyanar cututtuka mai tsanani ko mai tsanani ne, mafi kusa da kashi 39%.
Hanyoyin Transmission
Kashi na microsporidia har yanzu ba cikakke ba ne, kodayake bincike yana nuna cewa za'a iya amfani da su a ciki, a kwantar da su, ko kuma sun wuce ta cikin ƙwayoyin mucosal masu wuya (irin su ido).
A lokacin kamuwa da cuta, ƙwayoyin suna karuwa a cikin cytoplasm (watau ruwan ciki) na kwayoyin kamuwa da cuta, tare da wasu nau'in-kamar na intanet - wanda ke haifar da cututtuka mai tsanani, yayin da wasu-kamar Cuniculi na Ceto - yana da kwarewa da kuma tsarin kulawa na tsakiya.
Bayyanar cututtuka na Microsporidiosis
Yayinda yake iya magance masu ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa tare da microsporidiosis, da kuma manyan, ana ganin cutar a waɗanda ke fama da cutar AIDS .
Yayin da yake tasiri ga gastrointestinal tract, cututtuka mai tsanani da kuma raguwa ana lura da su, sau da yawa ba tare da zazzabi, kumburi ko babban zazzabi ba. Sau da yawa, alamun cututtuka ba su da bambanci daga na cystoisosporiasis da cryptosporidiosis .
Kwayar cututtuka na iya zama mai nisa (dangane da irin nau'in microsporidia da ke fama da ita) kuma zai iya hada da:
- Ƙaƙa, ƙwaƙwalwa da kuma numfashi
- Ingancin urinary kamuwa da cuta
- Tashin jiki da kuma ciwo
- Ciwon kai da migraines
- Ruwa mai dadi, haske mai haske, ciwon ido, matsananciyar raɗaɗi
- Cizon sauƙi, ciwo mai zunubi
- Inflamed gallbladder
Sanin asalin Microsporidiosis
An gane asirin microsporidiosis ta hanyar gabatar da siffofin asibiti da alamun bayyanar; samfurin jarabawar gwaji (kwarewar dabi'a na yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta a cikin mutum); da kuma nazarin fata, fitsari, jikin jiki, ko sauran ruwan jiki.
Sakamakon lantarki na microscopy, ko da yake tsada, zai iya samar da ganewar asali ta hanyar gano ma'anar microsporidia ta fili. A madadin haka, an yi amfani da microscope mai haske wanda aka ƙera gumaka a tasiri a cikin gano ƙwaƙwalwar spore.
Kwancen PCR (polymerase chain reaction) gwaje-gwajen suna samuwa don ganewa microsporidia, amma kusan gaba ɗaya a cikin bincike kawai.
Jiyya na Microsporidiosis
Yayinda ake amfani da microsporidiosis tare da maye gurbin mai karfi, an shawarci cewa hadewar maganin antirraviral (cART) za a gudanar a matsayin ɓangare na aikin farko.
Ana iya amfani da magani mai magani azole, albendazole, a maganin microsporidia, musamman ma da jinsunan kamar E. intestinalis , kodayake wasu binciken sun nuna cewa ya zama mafi tasiri a zalunta da wasu nau'in. Itraconazole kuma ana amfani dashi akai akai tare da albendazole a cikin cututtukan da aka watsa (watau, lokacin da ya yada fiye da shafin farko na gabatarwa).
Anyi la'akari da fumagillin wanda ba zai iya yiwuwa ba, tare da wasu nazarin da ke nuna cewa yana da matukar nasara a lokuta na cututtukan E. bienusi .
Duk da haka, ba a samuwa don amfani da tsarin cikin Amurka ba. Topical fumagillin saukad da suna samuwa ga cututtuka na ido, ko da yake an shawarar don amfani a tare da tare da albendazole far.
Lura cewa duk da haka, ba a yi amfani da albendazole ba a halin yanzu ba a lokacin da aka fara yin ciki ba saboda gwajin dabba wanda ya nuna yiwuwar hadarin haihuwa. Akwai halin yanzu ba cikakke bayanai game da yin amfani da albendazole a ciki ba.
Rigakafin Microsporidiosis
Kamar yadda ilimin ilimin kwayoyin halitta na microsporidiosis ba cikakke ba ne, an ba da shawarar cewa mutane sunyi bin ka'idoji guda ɗaya don cystoisosporiasis, wanda ya hada da guje wa ruwa marar yalwa, nama mai kyau, ko albarkatu mai kyau.
Fassara: mi-kro-spo-rid-ee-OH-suhs
Sources:
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Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam (DHHS). "Sharuɗɗa don Rigakafin da maganin cututtuka da dama a cikin kwayar cutar HIV-Cutar da ke da yara da yara - Microsporidiosis." Rockville, Maryland; sabunta Mayu 7, 2013
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Molina, J. Matafiya, M .; Sarfati, C .; et al. "Fumagillin Jiyya na Intestinal Microsporidiosis". New England Journal of Medicine. Yuni 2002: 346 (25): 196319699.