Abin da suke da kuma yadda suke cikin cuta
Kila ka ji labarin masu karɓar NMDA yayin koyo game da cutar ko magani, amma ka fahimci abin da suke kuma me yasa suke da muhimmanci?
Na farko, yana taimaka mana gane abin da muke nufi ta mai karɓa. A cikin kwakwalwarka, kun sami gungun kwayoyin da ake kira neurons. Waɗannan su ne sel wadanda ke aikawa da karɓar nauyin lantarki da ke kula da jikinka.
Neurons ne na musamman - kowannensu yana hulɗa da wasu nau'o'in bayanai. Don haka, alal misali, wani neuron zai iya motsa bayanai game da zafi da zafin jiki amma ba shi da wani abu da fahimtar gani ko koyon sabon bayani.
Kwayoyin da ke motsa bayanai daga neuron zuwa neuron ana kiran su neurotransmitters. Wasu daga cikin sanannun sanannun sun hada da serotonin da dopamine. Ma'aikatan Neurotransmitters sun kwarewa a wasu nau'o'in bayanai, kazalika. Alal misali, serotonin yana cikin damuwa da barci, yayin da dopamine yayi hulɗa da motsi da jaraba.
Don mai neurotransmitter don motsawa sakonni ta hanyar neuron, dole ne ya "buše" shi da farko. Wannan shi ne inda masu karɓa suka shiga. Ka yi tunanin masu karɓa a matsayin jirgin ruwan jirgi ko mashigai a kwamfutarka. Ba kowane jirgi ya yi daidai da kowane ɓoye ba, kuma ba kowane kebul ya dace a kowane tashar jiragen ruwa ba. Masu amfani da Neurotransmitters suna da maɓallan da ke buɗe aljihunan a kan masu karɓa na neuron, kuma hakan yana ba da damar bayanai ta gudana ta wurin na'urarku.
Abin da masu karɓar NMDA suke yi
NMDA yana tsaye ne ga N -methyl-D-aspartate, wanda ya kwatanta kayan aikin sinadarai na masu karɓa. Masu karɓar NMDA suna da hannu cikin abubuwa masu yawa a cikin kwakwalwarka. Sun kuma yarda sun shiga cikin cututtuka masu yawa da suka shafi kwakwalwa, kuma suna da wasu wasu kwayoyi.
Masu karɓar NMDA wani ɓangare ne na abin da ake kira neuroplasticity, wanda ma'anarsa shine yadda rashin lafiyarmu da kuma dacewa da kwakwalwarmu-yadda za su iya samun sabon bayani, wanda ke nufin samar da sababbin hanyoyi tsakanin matuka. Bugu da ƙari ga koyo sababbin abubuwa, filastik zai ba ka kwakwalwa ta samar da sababbin hanyoyi idan an lalata tsofaffi, kamar ta rauni ko cuta.
Yayin da muka tsufa, masu karɓar mu na NMDA sun zama ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙasa. Bincike ya nuna cewa wannan digo a cikin aiki shine ɓangare na lalacewar shekarun haihuwa, wanda zai haifar da rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ƙwarewar ƙarfin koya.
Masu karɓar NMDA kuma ɗaya daga cikin 'yan masu karɓa ne waɗanda ke aiwatar da magunguna na opiate / opioid a cikin kwakwalwarmu.
Masu karɓar NMDA da Masu Neurotransmitters
Ana iya kunna masu karɓa na NMDA (an kulle) ta hanyar haɗuwa tare da nau'i na neurotransmitters, ciki har da:
- Glutamate
- Aspartate
- Glycine
- D-serine
Masu karɓar NMDA suna aiki tare da waɗannan ƙananan na'urori don sake farfado da ayyukan a yankunan kwakwalwarka wanda ke taimaka maka ka koyi sababbin bayanai da kuma samar da tunanin. Suna motsawa kuma suna "motsa jiki" da ƙananan hanyoyi. Wannan abu ne mai kyau, amma har zuwa wani batu.
Idan ƙananan jiragen sun zauna a cikin wani wuri mai jin dadi na dogon lokaci, za su iya zama ƙari kuma za su fara aiki cikin talauci.
A ƙarshe, sun zama masu tsammanin cewa sun mutu.
Irin wannan nau'i-nau'i ana kiranta "excitotoxicity." Glutamate da aspartate, da yawa, an haɗa su a matsayin excitotoxins. Don ci gaba da ciwo daga mummunan kwayoyin kwakwalwarmu, muna da sakonni wanda ke kwantar da hanyoyi. An kira su masu hanawa.
Glycine, wani daga cikin kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa wanda ke ɗaukar da masu karɓar NMDA, shi ne mai hanawa a cikin kashin baya, amma an yi imanin cewa yana da damuwa a kwakwalwa.
Lokacin da kwakwalwarmu ke da lafiya da kuma aiki yadda ya dace, masu haɗaka da kuma masu haɗari ba su iya kiyaye abubuwa ba daidai ba don haka baranmu ba su cikin haɗuwa da overstimulation.
Duk da haka, idan abubuwa ba su aiki daidai-watau, mai karɓa ba shi da kyau ko kuma matakan neurotransmitter ba su da daidaito-to, zamu iya fara yin amfani da na'urori zuwa gaji.
Jikunanmu bazai iya yin sababbin igiyoyi, don haka a lokacin da suka mutu, mun rasa sassa marasa kwakwalwanmu. Saboda haka ba abin mamaki ba ne, cewa ana ganin matsalolin mai karɓar NMDA za su shiga cikin yanayi mai yawa na yanayin jin dadi, ciki har da wadanda basu da yawa.
Magunguna da aka haɗa zuwa NMDA Receptor Malfunction
Magungunan neurodegenerative sunyi imani da cewa suna da nasaba da rashin lafiya na masu karɓar NMDA sun haɗa da:
Sauran yanayi masu juyayi na yanayin da ake zaton ƙaddamarwar mai karɓar NMDA sun haɗa da:
- Fibromyalgia
- Mawuyacin ciwo mai wuya
- Migraine aura
- Wasu nau'i na ciwon kai
- Raguwa
- Dama
- Schizophrenia
- Ƙungiyar damuwa ta ƙarshe
- Rashin hankali-rikitarwa
Wasu sharuɗɗan da ba su ɗauke da rashin kulawar mai karɓar NMDA ba na iya amfani da kwayoyi da suka saba wa NMDARs, kamar:
- Phobia
- Dama
- Pain daga lalacewar jijiyoyi ( neuropathy )
A cikin phobias, ana yarda da magungunan mai karɓar NMDA masu taimakawa wajen taimakawa amygdala (wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa da yake magana da tsoro) sake koyon sababbin ƙungiyoyi waɗanda zasu taimaka wajen magance tsoro.
A cikin bugun jini, bincike ya nuna cewa hana yin amfani da glutamate ta hanyar masu karɓa na NMDA zai iya taimakawa wajen rage lalacewar ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa ta hanyar rashin oxygen.
A cikin ciwon neuropathic, waɗannan kwayoyi zasu iya taimakawa wajen bunkasa maɓuɓɓugar ƙwayoyi saboda haɗin kai da hanyoyi masu kyau.
Jiyya Tallafawa masu karɓar NMDA
Masanin kimiyyar ƙwayar cuta abu ne mai banƙyama, da kuma fitar da shi daga whack zai iya zama mai hatsarin gaske. Ko da yake yana da mahimmanci cewa wani abu zai iya taimakawa tare da bayyanar cututtuka, yana da mahimmanci cewa ka yi magana da likita kafin kokarin duk wani abu wanda zai canza aikin mai karɓar NMDA (ko wasu ɓangarorin yadda kwakwalwarka ke aiki).
Yawancin kwayoyi da kari sunyi imani sun canza aikin masu karɓar NMDA. Sun zo ne a cikin wasu siffofin biyu: masu tayar da hankali da maƙwabtaka.
NMDA Receptor Antagonists
Kusan ya fi dacewa da kalmar nan "mai tayar da hankali" lokacin da yake nufin mutumin da yake magana game da shi-mutumin da yake ƙoƙari ya jinkirta ko ya hana jaririn don cimma burin. A cikin ilimin likita, maƙaryata suna da kwayoyi da suke jinkirta ko kuma sun hana abubuwa.
A game da masu karɓar NMDA, masu tayar da hankali suna hana liyafar, ma'anar cewa suna toshe masu baƙi daga buɗe waɗannan masu karɓa. Yawancin cututtukan neurodegenerative da sauran cututtuka na tsakiya masu juyayi ne wasu lokuta ana bi da su tare da waɗannan magunguna.
Drugs da aka ƙaddara a matsayin masu karɓar mai karɓa na NMDA sun haɗa da:
- Namenda (memina)
- Ketamine
- Chloroform
- Babban asalin dextromethorphan (mai maganin tari a cikin Mucinex, Robitussin, NyQuil da sauran wasu magunguna masu yawa)
- Strattera (atomoxetine)
- Sautin (amantadine)
Ƙarin cikin wannan rukunin sun haɗa da:
- Agmatine
- Arginine
- Huperzine A
- Zinc
NMDA Mai Saukewa Masu Aikatawa
Wani "mahaukaci" shine kishiyar wani abokin gaba; shi yana motsawa ko ƙara aiki. Magunguna masu karɓa na NMDA sun sauƙaƙe don masu amfani da su don samun dama ga waɗannan masu karɓa kuma su kara yawan gudummawar bayanai ta hanyar kwakwalwa.
Ana amfani da wadannan kwayoyi a wasu lokutan don magance yanayin da nakasa tunanin mutum, ciki har da schizophrenia da tunanin suicidal.
Wasu masu amfani da agonists na NMDA masu magani sune:
- Clozaril (clozapine)
- Seromycin (cycloserine)
Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararrun masu gwagwarmaya ta NMDA masu gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya suna fuskantar gwaji na asibiti saboda rashin ciki.
Ƙarin abin da ke cikin agonists mai karɓa na NMDA sun haɗa da:
- Aspartic acid
- DHEA
- Theanine
Kalma Daga
Sanin game da masu karɓa na NMDA zai iya taimaka maka samun fahimtar rashin lafiyarka da yiwuwar magance shi. Ka tuna cewa wadannan masu karɓa suna cikin ɓangaren tsarin mai ban mamaki sosai-kwakwalwar mutum shine ɗaya daga cikin tsarin da ya fi rikitarwa. Kwararren likita kawai zai iya gano asali da kuma bi da yanayin da ya ƙunshi abubuwa kamar masu karɓa da kuma masu neurotransmitters.
Yana da yawa don yin la'akari da cewa kariyar lafiyar "lafiya", amma har ma abubuwa na halitta zasu iya haifar da cututtuka masu illa da yin maganin rashin lafiya tare da magunguna. Haɗa likitanku da likitan mai magani a cikin yanke shawarar ku don tabbatar da cewa ba ku cutar da kanku kamar yadda kuke ƙoƙarin samun mafi alhẽri.
> Sources:
> Antar V, Baran O, Yuceli S, et al. Binciken da ke tattare da ƙwayar cutar acetylcholinesterase Huperzine A a cikin gwajin gwaji na gwaji. Jaridar kimiyyar neurosurgical. 2015 Oktoba 16.
> Blanke ML, VanDongen AMJ. Biology na NMDA Receptor. 1st ed. Baca Raton, FL: CRC Press / Taylor & Francis; 2009.
> Mohseni G, Ostadhadi S, Imran-Khan M, et al. Agmatine yana inganta yanayin maganin litattafan maganin antidepressant a cikin gwajin gwajin gwagwarmayar ta hanyar hanyar NMDA. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2017 Afr. 88: 931-938. Doi: 10.1016 / j.biopha.2017.01.119.
> Sabuwar JW, Farber NB, Olney JW. Ayyuka mai karɓar NMDA, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da tsufa. Tattaunawa a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. 2000 Sep; 2 (3): 219-32.
> Rondon LJ, Farges MC, Davin N, et al. L-Arginine supplementation ya hana allodynia da hyperalgesia a cikin raunuka neuropathic masu ciwo masu ciwo ta hanyar ƙin ƙwayar ƙwayoyin plasma nitric oxide da kuma kara yawan ƙwayar cutar plasma agmatine. Jaridar Turai na abinci mai gina jiki. 2017 Jul 19. Doi: 10.1007 / s00394-017-1508-x.