Kuna yiwuwa ku ji cewa ku ci gaba ta hanyar jerin matakai yayin da kuke barci, amma menene ainihin wannan ke nufi? Barci barci ne, dama? A gaskiya, har yanzu akwai mai yawa da ke faruwa a cikin kai lokacin da kake cikin barci, kuma wannan aiki ne a kwakwalwarka wanda ke nuna alamun barci daban-daban.
Ita ce na'urar da za ta samar da electroencephalograph (EEG) wadda ta ba da damar masana kimiyya suyi nazarin barci a hanyoyi da ba su yiwu ba.
A shekarun 1950, dalibi mai digiri mai suna Eugene Aserinsky ya yi amfani da wannan kayan aiki don gano abin da aka sani a yau kamar barcin REM . Ƙarin karatu game da barci na mutum ya nuna cewa barci yana ci gaba ta hanyar jerin matakai wanda aka nuna nau'i daban-daban na kwakwalwa.
Akwai manyan nau'i biyu:
- wanda ba a hanzari (NREM) - wanda aka sani da shi yana barci
- hankalin ido (REM) - wanda aka sani da barci mai aiki ko barci mai ban tsoro
Farawa na barci
A lokacin fararen barci, har yanzu kuna da ficewa da faɗakarwa. Kwakwalwa tana samar da abin da aka sani da rawanin beta, waxanda suke da ƙananan kuma azumi.
Yayin da kwakwalwa ta fara shakatawa da kuma jinkirin, raƙuman ruwa mai hankali da ake kira haruffa alpha suna samarwa. A wannan lokacin lokacin da ba ka barci ba, za ka iya samun kwarewa da ƙwarewa da aka sani da suna hypnagogic hallucinations. Misalai na yau da kullum na wannan lamari sun hada da jin kamar kuna fadowa ko jin wani ya kira sunan ku.
Wani abu mai mahimmanci a wannan lokacin shine wanda ake kira myoclonic jerk . Idan har yanzu kun firgita ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da wani dalili ba, to, kun sami wannan abin mamaki. Ko da yake yana iya zama abu mai ban mamaki, waɗannan abubuwan saƙar na sirri suna ainihi na kowa.
A baya can, masana sun raba barci cikin matakai biyar.
A gaskiya dai kwanan nan, duk da haka, an hade matakai 3 da 4 don haka akwai matakai uku na NREM da matakan REM na barci.
NIRM Stage 1
Sashe na 1 shine farkon mafita barci kuma shine matakan haske na barci. Mataki na 1 ana iya la'akari da lokacin tsaka-tsaki tsakanin wakefulness da barci.
A Stage na 1, kwakwalwa yana samar da maɗaukaki amplitude theta raƙuman ruwa, waɗanda suke da jinkirin kwakwalwa kwakwalwa. Wannan lokacin barci yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci (kimanin minti biyar zuwa 10). Idan ka tada wani a wannan mataki, za su iya bayar da rahoton cewa ba su da barcin gaske.
NIRM Stage 2
A lokacin mataki 2 barci:
- Mutane ba su san yadda suke kewaye da su ba
- Jiki zafin jiki saukad da
- Ƙarfafawa da zuciya ya zama mafi yawan lokaci
Sashe na 2 shine mataki na biyu na barci kuma yana tsawon kusan minti 20. Kwaƙwalwar ta fara farawa da sauri, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa wadda aka sani da alamar barci. Ciki jiki yana farawa kuma rage zuciya ya fara ragu. A cewar Cibiyar Binciken Abincin Amirka, mutane suna kashe kimanin kashi 50 cikin yawan barci a wannan mataki.
NIRM Stage 3
A lokacin mataki 3 barci:
- Musuka shakata
- Ƙin jini da numfashi na numfashi
- Sannu mai zurfi yana faruwa
An riga an raba wannan mataki zuwa matakai 3 da 4.
Mai zurfi, jinkirin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa tana san cewa raƙuman delta sun fara fitowa a lokacin mataki 3 barci. Wannan lokaci ma ana magana da ita azaman barcin delta.
A wannan lokacin, mutane ba su da karɓa da kuma sauti a cikin yanayi na iya kasa samar da amsa. Har ila yau yana aiki a matsayin tsaka-tsakin lokaci tsakanin barci mai haske da barci mai zurfi.
Maganin tsofaffin bincike sun nuna cewa yaduwa zai iya faruwa a lokacin zurfin barci, amma wasu shaidun da suka gabata sun nuna cewa irin wannan gado yana iya faruwa a wasu matakai. Har ila yau, barci yana hana faruwa sau da yawa a lokacin barci mai zurfi na wannan mataki.
Rashin barci
A lokacin barci REM:
- Cikin kwakwalwar ya zama mai aiki
- Jiki ya zama annashuwa da tsararraki
- Dreams faruwa
- Eyes yana motsa hanzari
Mafi yawan mafarki yana faruwa a lokacin mataki na hudu na barci, wanda aka sani da barci mai ido (REM) barci. Rashin barci yana motsa jiki, motsa jiki mai zurfi, da kuma ƙara ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Cibiyar Sashin Jama'ar Amirka ta nuna cewa mutane suna kashe kimanin kashi 20 na yawan barci a wannan mataki.
Sake barci kuma ana kiran shi barci mai ban tsoro saboda yayin da kwakwalwa da sauran sassan jiki suka zama masu karuwa, tsokoki sun zama mafi annashuwa. Mafarki yana faruwa ne saboda yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, amma ƙuƙwalwar haɓaka ta zama tsattsauran ra'ayi.
Yanayin Takalma
Yana da muhimmanci a gane cewa barcin ba ya ci gaba ta hanyar waɗannan matakai a jerin. Barci yana farawa a mataki na 1 kuma ya ci gaba zuwa matakai 2, da 3. Bayan mataki 3 barci, mataki 2 barci yana maimaitawa kafin shiga barci REM. Da zarar barci na REM ya ƙare, jiki yakan dawo ya fara aikin barci 2. Hutu na barci a cikin wadannan matakai kamar hudu ko sau biyar a cikin dukan dare.
A matsakaici, zamu shigar da mataki na REM kamar minti 90 bayan barci. Hanya na farko na barci REM zai iya wucewa kawai lokaci kaɗan, amma kowane juyi ya fi tsayi. Rikicin barci zai iya wuce har sa'a guda yayin barci yana cigaba.
Duk da yake ana duban barci a matsayin tsari mai mahimmanci, bincike ya nuna cewa kwakwalwa yana aiki sosai a lokacin matakai daban-daban. Barci yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasu matakai, ciki har da ƙarfafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da tsaftace kwakwalwa.
Sources:
Ƙungiyar Sadarwar Amurka. (). Mene ne barci? An dawo daga https://www.sleepassociation.org/patients-general-public/what-is-sleep/
Cendron, M. (1999). Aiki na farko maras nauyi: Concepts na yanzu. Aminiya na Yammacin Amirka, 59 (5) , 1205-1214.
Ƙungiyar Bakin Ƙasar. (nd). Menene ya faru lokacin da kuke barci? An dawo daga https://sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/what-happens-when-you-sleep
Pressman, MR (2007). Abubuwan da suke da tsinkaye, Firayim, da kuma tayar da NREM a cikin tsofaffi: Abubuwa na asibiti da kuma na al'ada. Magungunan Maganar Bukawa, 11 (1), 5-30.
Purves, D., Augustine, GJ, Fitzpatrich, D., et al. (2001). Neuroscience, 2nd edition. NCBI Bookshelf. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. An dawo daga http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10996/.