A {asar Amirka, duk da irin tsammanin al'amurra, tsarin kula da lafiyarmu yana ci gaba da aiki a matsayin samfurin da ya dace. Wasu suna kallon wannan a matsayin samfurin jama'a. Wannan tsari ya nuna cewa a mafi yawan mutane, wani ciwo-watau sanyi ko ciwon daji-yana da alamar hangen nesa, kuma mafi yawan mutane za su amfana daga hanyar jima'i.
Idan wani magani bai yi aiki ba, to amma ana iya tsarawa na biyu-mafi mahimmanci tsarin kulawa.
Wannan ya ci gaba har sai an sauke lafiyar. An saita jiyya bisa ga yawan yawan kididdigar jama'a, da kuma fitina kuma ana amfani da kuskure har sai mai lafiya ya yi kyau. A cikin wannan samfurin magani, halayen mutum, abubuwan haɗari, zaɓin salon rayuwa da jinsin suna da wuya a ɗauka. Sabili da haka, tsarin kulawa ba zai zama mafi kyau a cikin dukkan lokuta ba, gazawa wadanda basu dace da sigogi "matsakaici" ba.
Mahimmancin magani, a gefe guda, yana ba da shawarar ƙaddamar da kiwon lafiya. Yana nufin kawar da cututtuka, da kuma tanada jiyya ga mutum don haka wata cuta ko rashin lafiya za a iya ƙaddara a hanyar da ya yi alkawarin cewa mafi girma damar samun nasara bisa ga halayen mutum. Tsarin mahimmanci na wannan tsari shine magani ne na mutum (PM) yana la'akari da cewa kwayoyi da haɗin gwiwar zai sami tasiri mai mahimmanci dangane da mutumin da ake bi da shi.
Fasaha na Lafiya a cikin Age of Genomics
Yanzu kimiyya tana da cikakken taswirar dukkanin kwayoyin halitta a jiki, magani na musamman yana nunawa a matsayin gaskiya.
Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Jinsin Dan Adam ta Jaddada cewa wannan magani na musamman ya shafi amfani da bayanin likitancin mai haƙuri domin jagorancin yanke shawara game da rigakafin, ganewar asali da magani.
Harkokin kiwon lafiyar zamani na yanzu yana ba da izini don nazarin jikin mutum don a bincikarsa domin ya gano wasu halaye ko halayen.
Rahotanni na Angelina Jolie game da ɗaukar maye gurbin BRCA1, wanda ya sanya ta a babban haɗarin ciwon nono da kuma ciwon daji na ovarian, ya kawo wasu daga cikin wadannan ra'ayoyin ga jama'a. Yin zaɓuɓɓukan da aka danganta da nau'i na gizon bazai zama ba al'ada a cikin aikin kiwon lafiyar yau da kullum ba, amma ya zama mafi girma.
Ilimin binciken ilimin likita ne wani bangare na magani inda DNA sequencing fasaha yana da yawa m. Alal misali, don ciwon huhu na huhu, akwai wasu maganganun maganin da ke da kyau a yanzu da ke samuwa dangane da magunguna daban-daban na mahaifa. Idan akwai nuni na likita, gwagwarmayar kwayoyin za a iya rufe shi ta hanyar inshora, musamman ma idan akwai likitancin FDA da aka yarda da shi ko magani wanda ya danganci maye gurbi.
Kwanan nan, masu bincike sun yi amfani da tsarin DNA don kafa dangantakar dake tsakanin cutar cutar sankarar bargo (BLV) da ciwon nono. An riga an yi imani da cewa wannan nau'in shanu ba zai iya kama mutane ba. Duk da haka, binciken da Jami'ar California, Berkeley da Jami'ar New South Wales, Sydney, suka yi, ya nuna cewa BLV na iya zama a cikin jikin mutum sau uku zuwa shekaru 10 kafin a samu ciwon daji, yana nuna alaƙa mai karfi.
An yi amfani da ƙwarewar likita ta hanyar daɗaɗɗa don ci gaba da fasaha na zamani (NGS).
Bisa ga Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Jinsin Dan Adam ta Duniya, za a iya aiwatar da zane-zanen halittu a cikin sa'o'i 24 a karkashin $ 1,000. Ayyuka na kwayoyin sun zama mafi kyau kuma suna da araha kuma an yi amfani da su a yanzu a cikin hukumomin jama'a da na zaman kansu. Duk da haka, akwai matsaloli da dama da za'a buƙaci. Alal misali, likitocin da yawa ba su iya samun horarwa ba kuma basu san abin da ke faruwa ba. Wasu masana sun kuma yi gargadin cewa akwai bukatar daidaitawa tsakanin bege da tsoma baki kuma dole ne a kula da muhimman al'amura.
Wani sabon kwaya daga ɗayan ka
Zai yiwu ɗaya daga cikin sababbin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa a bangaren likitancin mutum shine buga nau'ikan D-D daga ɗakunan kansa. An yi annabta cewa a cikin shekaru 10 zuwa 15, za a samar da kwayoyin halitta daga kwayoyin da aka girbe daga marasa lafiya da kansu ta yin amfani da fasaha mai fasaha 3-D. A nan gaba, za'a iya maye gurbin sifofin ta hanyar girma ta jiki.
Anthony Atala, MD, Darakta a Cibiyar Wake Forest for Medicine Medicine (WFIRM), ta rigaya ta nuna cewa kodan da za a iya canzawa za a iya samar da ita ta hanyar amfani da wannan fasaha, ta taimaka wajen hana rikici wanda ya haifar da raunin gawar jiki. A halin yanzu, masana kimiyya a WFIRM suna aikin injiniya fiye da nau'in takalma daban daban 30 da gabobin da za a iya amfani dasu azaman maye gurbin. Organovo, kamfanin da ke aiki a kan jikin mutum wanda aka halicci mutum, ya riga ya samar da samfurori 3-D wanda ke aiki da barga har zuwa kwanaki 60, wanda shine cigaba daga aikin da aka kafa na kwanakin kwanaki 28. Zaka iya amfani da nau'in hanta na hanta don gwajin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi, yana ba da wata matsala ga gwaje-gwajen dabba da kuma in vitro. Har ila yau, yana ba da sabuwar fata ga mutanen da ke da nauyin yanayi wanda zai iya amfanar dashi. A shekarar 2016, masanan kimiyya na Sin sun buga wani ɓangare na hagu na hagu na zuciya (hagu na ƙaura). Harkokin wannan bangare na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hana bugun jini a marasa lafiya tare da fibrillation. Ya bayyana cewa fasaha na 3-D zai iya bayar da ingantacciyar gabatarwa na hagu na haƙƙin ɗan adam wanda aka kwatanta da samfurori na al'ada. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga likitocin likitoci kamar yadda suke buƙatar cikakken bayani kafin su fara tare da hanyar ɓoye.
Fasaha ta Fasaha da Magunguna
Eric Topol, Daraktan da Farfesa na Ma'aikata a Scripps Translational Science Institute, ya bayyana masu amfani da wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka a yanzu a matsayin babban magani. Za'a iya amfani da wayoyi da wayoyin salula na masu amfani da kwayoyin halitta-jini da jini, ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya, matakan jini da har ma ƙwaƙwalwa ta kwakwalwa - da kuma aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida na sirri irin su otoscope ko duban dan tayi. Mutane za su iya yin nau'ukan da yawa da kansu, idan sun so kuma inda ya fi dacewa da su. Zasu iya dubawa da kuma fassara bayanan su ba tare da sun ziyarci likita ba, yin kiwon lafiya yana kara yawan mutum da kuma mutum.
Bayanan Halayen Kusa da Ci Gaban Ciwon Nazarin Halitta
Tun da asuba na magani na musamman, an yi amfani da ƙuntatawa da yawa a wannan hanya. Wasu masana sunyi iƙirarin cewa yana ɗauke da hadarin rage magani zuwa labarun kwayoyin halitta. Kyakkyawan aikin likita na gargajiya ya kamata ya ƙunshi nau'i na haɓakawa ta hanyar kallon halaye na musamman, tarihin likita da yanayin zamantakewa. Yawancin masana kimiyyar zamantakewar al'umma da masu nazarin halittu sunyi imani da cewa lakabin "magani na mutum" zai iya kasancewa da sauyewar nauyin alhakin mutum, mai yiwuwa ya watsar da wasu al'amurra na zamantakewa da mahimmanci suyi nazarin. Hanyoyin da ake fuskanta a wasu lokuta suna taimakawa al'adun "zargi da wanda aka azabtar," haifar da sukar wasu kungiyoyin mutane da kuma karɓar kayan kiwon lafiyar jama'a daga manufofi da suke ƙoƙarin warware matsalolin zamantakewa da rashin daidaituwa da suka shafi lafiyar.
Wani labarin da Cibiyar Hastings ta wallafa-wata cibiyar binciken da take magance al'amura da zamantakewa a cikin kiwon lafiya, kimiyya, da fasahar - ya nuna cewa akwai wasu tsammanin abubuwan da ba daidai ba ne game da maganin magani. Yana da wuya a nan gaba, za ku iya karɓar takardar sayan magani na musamman ko magani musamman akan ku kadai. Magani na musamman shine game da rarraba mutane a cikin kungiyoyin da ke dogara da ilimin kwayoyin halitta da kuma kallon lafiyar lafiyarka da kuma maganin jiyya a cikin mahallin ƙungiyar.
Mutane da yawa suna damuwa cewa kasancewa memba na wani rukuni na iya, alal misali, ƙara yawan haɓin kuɗi ko kuma sanya ku dan takarar mai aiki maras kyau. Wadannan sharuddan ba su da tushe. Magance na musamman yana hannun hannu tare da haɓaka ƙididdiga bayanai, kuma tsaro data kasance kalubale. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewa a cikin wani rukuni na ƙungiya zai tilasta ka shiga cikin shirye-shiryen nunawa a matsayin wani nau'i na alhakin zamantakewa kadan don rage 'yanci na zabi na sirri.
Har ila yau, akwai mahimman ka'ida na likita don magance kwayoyin halitta. Alal misali, likitoci na buƙatar yin nazarin wasu bayanan da ba su da amfani da likita. Shirin watsawa zai buƙaci gyarawa mai tsabta don hana rikicewa ko kuma raunana mai ci gaba. Duk da haka, wannan zai iya nuna alamar komawar likitancin likita inda likita ya yanke shawarar abin da ya fi kyau a gare ku da abin da ya kamata a gaya muku. Babu shakka akwai buƙatar tsarin ka'ida mai kyau a cikin wannan filin, da kuma bukatar kula da hankali don tabbatar da damuwa da amfani.
> Sources
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