Tsarin da goyon bayan tsari ga jikinmu da kyallen takarda
Nau'in haɗi yana haɗawa, yana tallafawa, yana ɗaure, yana kuma rarraba gabobin da kyallen takarda, yana kafa tsarin don tallafawa nau'in takalma da gabobin jiki, don manufar tsarin da manufofi. A cikin nau'in haɗin kai, kwayoyin suna da yawa kuma sun watse - ba su da alaka da kusa, kamar yadda yake a cikin nau'in epithelial. Yawancin kayan aikin haɗin gwal suna cinyewa (sai dai guringuntsi). Ƙananan sararin samaniya (sararin samaniya a waje da kwayoyin halitta) a cikin nau'in haɗin kai ana kiransu matrix extracellular.
Saboda haka, jigon nama, ya kasance daga sel da karin matrix. Maganin extracellular an hada da glycosaminoglycans da proteoglycans. Yana da bambanci a cikin abun da ke ciki na matrix extracellular da ke ƙayyade dukiya na kayan haɗi.
Nau'in haɗin haɗawa ne daga:
- Abubuwan da aka filaye (filaye da elastin)
- Glycosaminoglycans ko GAG (dogayen sutura na maimaita sassan da basu yarda da ita ba, babban aikin shine don tallafawa collagen)
- Proteoglycans (GAG da ke haɗe da ƙwayar asalin)
Ƙayyade na Haɗin Haɗin
Kayan haɗin haɗin dace an ƙayyade shi ne a matsayin ko dai marar ladabi na kayan haɗin kai ko kuma marar lakabi na kayan aiki.
- Ajiye kayan aikin haɗin gwaninta wanda ya haɗa da yawancin kwayoyin halitta da kuma suturar fiber a cikin wani matrix mai zurfi.
- Nauyin mai haɗin gwaninta mai nauyin yana da cibiyar sadarwa mai mahimmanci na collagen da ƙananan fibers a matrix viscous. Kwayoyin haɗin kai mai zurfi suna samuwa a cikin kwakwalwan haɗi, ƙumshi na tsoka, da kuma kasusuwan fata.
Musamman haɗin haɗa kai ya hada da:
- Kwayoyin jigilar kayan aiki na yau da kullum (samuwa a cikin tendons da ligaments)
- Guringuntsi (nau'i na goyon bayan nama wanda ya ƙunshi kwayoyin chondrocyte, filaye na collagen, da nau'i mai laushi, nau'in ma'auni mai mahimmanci ko mai sauƙi, ya hada da gyare-gyaren hayar, fibrocartilage,
- Sanyayyun nama (nau'i na goyan bayan nau'in haɗin kai wanda ke da kwari, yana tanada kariya mai yawa da makamashi, yana dauke da kwayoyin halitta da kuma filastan filasta)
- Hemopoietic ko kwayar lymphatic (wani nau'in haɗin kai mai haɗuwa da ke cikin kwayar halittar jini, ya ƙunshi leukocytes da fibers na sunadaran ruwa mai narkewa da aka kafa a lokacin clotting; partcellular shine plasma)
- Blood (ya ƙunshi erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes; fibers ne sunadarai masu soluble; abu mai mahimmanci shine plasma)
- Kashe (nau'i na goyon bayan nama mai haɗawa yana dauke da osteoblasts ko osteocytes, ya ƙunshi filaye na collagen kuma yana da ƙarfi ko ƙididdigewa)
A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, filaye, proteoglycan, da GAG an tsara su kuma suna sarrafawa ta hanyar daidaituwa tsakanin kira da lalacewa. Halin cytokines , abubuwan ci gaba, da MMPs masu raguwa (matrix metalloproteinases) suna kiyaye ma'auni. Idan akwai rashin daidaituwa, halayen nama na haɗuwa zasu iya bunkasa. Alal misali, akwai raguwa ta net a cikin yanayin irin su osteoarthritis , rheumatoid arthritis , da osteoporosis . Rashin karuwa a cikin kira zai iya haifar da scleroderma ko fizrosis na tsakiya.
Akwai fiye da 200 cututtuka da kuma yanayin da zai shafi nama mai haɗawa.
Wasu cututtuka na nama masu haɗuwa suna haifar da kamuwa da cuta, rauni, ko kuma saboda rashin ciwo. Dalilin wasu cututtukan nama na haɗin kai sun kasance ba a sani ba.
> Sources:
> Ƙungiyar Haɗin. Ƙayyade na Haɗin Haɗin. Binciken Tarihin. Jami'ar Leeds.
> Bayanin Haɗuwa: Matrix Composition and Its Relevance to Physical Far. Jiki na jiki. Culav EM et al. Maris 1999.
> Cutar Jigon Saduwa. MedlinePlus.