Fahimtar yadda ake aiwatar da gyaran ƙwayar wuri
Tsarin ginin jiki yana da matukar rikitarwa wanda ke haifar da tiyata wanda shine maganin mafita na ƙarshe don rashin nasarar gawar jiki. A wannan yanayin, dashi zai zama magani ko maganin wariyar pancreatic ko cutar pancreatic.
Ga mafi yawancin mutane, dashi ba zai zama dole ba, kuma suna iya magance cutar da magani, tiyata ko wasu hanyoyin shan magani.
Ga mutanen da ba su da yawa, dashi ya zama dole domin cutar ta kasance mai tsanani cewa ba tare da sababbin kwayoyin ba zasu rayu cikin dogon lokaci.
Magana kawai, an cire dashi a lokacin da kwayar cutar ta haife shi tare da rashin lafiya ko marasa lafiya cewa suna bukatar tsarin maye gurbin daga mai bayarwa.
Ayyuka na Pancreas
Rashin ganyayyaki yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen karfin jiki na jikin mutum don yaduwar abincin da ya dace da kuma kula da glucose na jini a jini. Rashin aikin ya yi aiki tare da manyan ayyuka guda biyu a cikin jiki: yin jima'i da yin yin amfani da enzymes a cikin narkewar abinci.
Rasa'in da biyar bisa dari na pancreas yayi aiki don samar da enzymes mai narkewa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin rashin abinci a cikin gut. Ƙarfin ƙwayar halitta tana samar da enzymes guda uku: amylase, lipase, da protease. Amylase ya rushe carbohydrates, lipase ya rushe fats, kuma protease ya rushe sunadarai da aka samu a cikin abincin.
Idan wannan ɓangaren na pancreas yana aiki cikin talauci, yanayin da ake kira exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, waɗannan enzymes za a iya maye gurbinsu da maganin maganin magance maganin da ya karɓa. Irin wannan matsala na pancreas ba zai haifar dashi ba, yayin da yanayin zai iya magance shi da magani.
Mafi sanannun aiki na pancreas shine samar da hormone. Harshen farko wanda aka samar da pancreas shine glucagon, hormone wanda zai kara yawan glucose (sukari) a cikin jini. Ana saki lokacin da matakan glucose na jini basu da yawa kuma suna buƙatar ƙara karuwa. Na biyu hormone wanda aka samar da pancreas shine insulin . An fitar da insulin a yayin da glucose matakan jini sunyi yawa kuma suna bukatar a rage su. Na uku hormone shine somatostatin, wanda ke aiki don kiyaye aikin insulin da glucagon a matakan da ya dace.
Ƙarƙashin katako yana aiki tukuru don kaucewa samun matsananciyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin glucose da kuma alamar cututtuka da yanayin kiwon lafiya wanda zai iya haifar. Ƙananan glucose ba yawanci matsala ga mafi yawan mutane ba, amma rashin insulin abu ne mai mahimmanci da miliyoyin jama'ar Amurkan ke fuskanta amma sanannun sunaye sun san: ciwon sukari .
Lokacin da jikin ya zama mai tsayayya ga insulin da / ko ya kasa yin isasshen insulin, an kira yanayin ne nau'in ciwon sukari na II. Lokacin da pancreas ba shi da insulin, zamu koma zuwa wannan a matsayin irin na ciwon sukari. Yawanci, shi ne nau'i na masu ciwon sukari da suke buƙatar sautin katako, kamar yadda sauran masu ciwon sukari za su iya magance su da magani a mafi yawan lokuta.
Haka kuma mawuyacin masu ciwon sukari na II za su iya dakatar da yin insulin a tsawon lokaci, wanda kuma zai haifar da dashi.
Ana yin shinge na katako lokacin da pancreas ba zai iya yin aiki sosai don sarrafa glucose a cikin jini ba, rayuwa mai kyau ba ta yarda da rashin talauci, rikitarwa na ciwon sukari mai tsanani ne ko ƙarawa, da kuma amfani da aikin tiyata yana ƙetare hadari na dashi.
Lokacin da ake bukata
Kasancewa irin na ciwon sukari kadai ba sa yin gyaran fatar jiki, kamar yadda mutane da dama zasu iya rayuwa da wadatar rayuwa tare da matakan glucose mai sarrafawa. Yana da ciwo mai tsanani-da-kula da ciwon sukari, sau da yawa ana kiransa " ƙuƙwalwa " tare da kula da glucose kadan da bayyanar cututtuka, wanda ke haifar da dashi.
Wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin da yawancin ciwon sukari ya kai ga inda majinyata ke fama da rashin lafiya kuma magani ba zai iya samar da mafi kyawun maganin cutar ba, dashi zai zama mafita na ƙarshe.
A cewar Cibiyar Harkokin Ciwon Gida ta Amirka (ADA), cancantar yin amfani da shi a cikin mutane ba tare da cututtukan cututtuka ba kamar haka:
- Abubuwa masu yawa, ƙananan matsalolin da suka faru irin su high glucose, low glucose ko ketoacidosis.
- Rashin matsalolin ƙwayoyin cuta / matsalolin tare da insulin far
- Rashin insulin ya hana manyan matsaloli
Risks
Rashin haɗari da haɗuwa da ƙwayar katako suna da muhimmanci fiye da yawancin tiyata, yayin da mai haƙuri yana da rashin lafiya kafin aikin tiyata kuma hanya tana da hadari. Wadannan halayen sun hada da halayen da suke fama da cutar yayin da suke da wani tiyata, da kuma hadarin da ke tattare da cutar shan magani.
Hanyoyin Kasuwanci na Harkokin Cigaban Tashi
- Kamuwa da cuta
- Kwayar glucose mara kyau
- Bleeding
- Blood Clots
- Karyata sababbin kwayoyin
- Ƙarwar gabar
- Jiɗa
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Sakamakon maganin cutar
- Matsalar da ake yi wa ƙuƙwalwa
Neman wani likita
Ganin likitan likita mai saukewa yafi ɗaukar samfurin daga likitanka zuwa cibiyar dashi da ke aiki da katako a kusa da gidanka. A lokuta da dama, akwai kawai a kusa, amma a manyan birane, ƙila za ka iya samun zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa. Maganin da ake yi shine yawancin likitancinku, likitan da ke kula da maganin matsalar hormone, ko gastroenterologist wanda ke magance matsaloli tare da narkewa. Za a iya yin mahimmanci ta hanyar kulawa ta farko da sauran fannoni da ke cikin magani.
Samun jerin Lissafin Canji
Bayan ganawa da ma'aikata a cibiyar dashi, za a kimanta ku don yiwuwar dashi. Wannan zai nuna mahimmanci game da bayanan likitanku, gwaje-gwaje da jini, nazarin nazari, da sauran gwaje-gwajen da aka tsara domin sanin idan kun cancanta don jure wa aikin tiyata sai dai rashin lafiya don buƙatar sabon kwaya.
Idan gwaji ya nuna bukatar buƙata, da kuma damar da za a ci gaba da tiyata, da kuma dawowa da kyakkyawar sakamako, kuma idan an samu ƙarin cancantar samun irin wannan damar da za a iya yin aikin tiyata da kuma ikon sarrafa magunguna da ake bukata bayan tiyata, mai haƙuri za a iya sanya shi a kan jerin abubuwan dashi don jira wani kwaya ya zama samuwa.
Yawan pancreata (nau'i na pancreas) don dashi shi ne, rashin tausayi, ƙananan. Akwai matsala daya kawai da ke bayarwa. Masu ciwon sukari bazai iya zama mai bayarwa ba. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwarƙashin ƙwayar cuta mai sauƙi ne kuma sau da yawa yana amsa mummunar rashin lafiya a cikin mai bayarwa, mutane da yawa ba tare da ciwon sukari ba har yanzu ba zasu iya ba da gudummawar su ba. Wannan yana haifar da gazawar gabobin jiki na transplantable ga waɗanda suke jiran.
Irin Transplants
Akwai nau'ikan nau'i biyu da ake aiki da shi a halin yanzu. Mafi yawan na kowa ita ce lokacin da aka cire dukan pancreas daga mai bayarwa kuma sanya shi a cikin mai karɓa. Lokacin da mutane suka ce "shinge na katako" wannan ita ce hanyar da suke nunawa. Sauran nau'in dashi shi ne dashi mai laushi, inda wasu daga cikin kwayoyin halitta wadanda suke samar da pancreas suna canzawa zuwa mai karɓa.
Harshen Islet Pancreatic Isplant
A lokacin da aka sassauka ƙwayar ɗan ɗigon tsuntsaye, an cire pancreas daga mai bayarwa da kuma ɗakunan ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa cikin mai karɓa. Bayan an dawo da kwayar, an dauki pancreas a cikin bincike a inda yatsun tsuntsaye, wadanda suke samar da insulin da sauran kwayoyin halitta, an raba su daga wasu kwayoyin halitta. Wadannan kwayoyin halitta suna da kashi 5 cikin dari na yawan nauyin katako, saboda haka yawan adadin kwayar cirewa ya fi ƙanƙara fiye da kowane abu. Wadannan ɗakunan sel ne waɗanda aka sanya su a cikin mai karɓa. Abin sha'awa, wadannan kwayoyin suna kwashe su cikin hanta ta hanyar jiguwa ta hanyar jini. Kwayoyin sun kasance cikin hanta kuma suna fara samar da insulin a wannan wuri.
A Amurka, ana gudanar da wannan hanyar a manyan asibitoci na jami'o'i waɗanda ke gudanar da bincike a cikin suturar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta mai ƙwayar cuta. Irin wannan tsari ne har yanzu ana daukar gwajin gwaji kuma an yi shi ne kawai a matsayin ɓangare na nazarin binciken bincike a wurare daban-daban a wannan lokaci.
Hanyoyin da ake bukata don dashi a wasu lokutan wani bambanci ne daga sassan kwayoyin halitta, kamar yadda ake gudanar da bincike a kan tasirin tsire-tsire a matsayin mai magani don ciwon katako . Hanyar mai haƙuri za ta kasance akalla sau biyu kuma sau da yawa sau uku hanyar dashi na islets don samun cikakken amfani da dashi.
Multi-Organ Transplant
Ga wasu mutane, matsalolin ɓarna zai iya jawo al'amurra masu muhimmanci tare da wasu kwayoyin, musamman kodan. Ga wasu masu ciwon sukari da ƙwayoyin glucose mai rikitarwa, kodan ya zama mummunan lalacewa, wanda yakan haifar da gazawar koda da kuma buƙatar kyama.
Ga waɗannan mutane, ƙwayar katako na iya ƙila ba su da isasshen mayar da su zuwa lafiyar lafiya, su ma suna buƙatar sakewa na koda saboda haka zasu iya zama free daga dialysis. Tabbas, wadannan mutane zasu karbi koda da kuma gwangwadon katako daga wannan mai bayarwa a lokaci guda, amma wasu marasa lafiya suna karɓar gabobin daga masu bayarwa daban-daban a lokuta daban-daban.
Ta yaya aka canza shi?
Tsarin sashi yana farawa ta hanyar hanya daban-daban - tiyata don cire pancreas daga mai bayarwa. Duk wani shinge na jikin mutum yafi kowa kyauta kyauta. Dukkan kwayoyi sun fito ne daga matacce, masu bada agajin kwakwalwa. Sassan na pancreas yawanci ya fito ne daga mai bayarwa wanda aboki ne ko dangi wanda ke son taimakawa mai karɓa.
Da zarar an cire gawar da aka bayar ko kashi an cire, akwai gajeren taga don cire sashin jikin a cikin mai karɓa, yawanci awowi takwas ko ƙasa. Ƙarfin ƙwallon yana da kyau sosai, yana maida martani don a taɓa shi kuma ya motsa, don haka likitoci suna aiki ne kawai don tabawa da takalma a ciki lokacin aikin. Da zarar an tabbatar da pancreas don mai karɓa, ko yiwu a gabanin, ana sanar da mai karɓar masu karɓa cewa an samu gawar jiki don dashi. Sai aka tambaye su su yi rahoto ga cibiyar dashi.
Da zarar aka dawo (kalmar "girbi" ba a amfani dashi) ana kawo pancreas daga asibiti inda aka gano shi zuwa cibiyar dashi da za'a sanya pancreas a mai karɓa.
Tiyata don sanya jigon a cikin mai karɓa yana farawa tare da mai cike da fushi da kuma sanya shi a kan wani jirgi tare da gudanar da aikin rigakafi . Da zarar mai haƙuri yana barci, hanya zata fara.
Fatar jiki an shirya don rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, kuma an sanya incision a cikin ciki. Ƙarfin ƙwallon yana a haɗe da duodenum, sashi na farko na ƙananan hanji don a iya fitar da enzymes mai narkewa a kan abinci yayin da yake fita daga ciki. Yin amfani da jini da aka samo daga mai bayarwa, haɗin ginin yana haɗuwa da jini don bukatun kansa kuma ya saki hormones cikin jini.
Yawancin lokaci, ƙuƙwalwar da aka sassauci ya kusa kusa da maɓallin ciki fiye da ainihin pancreas, wanda aka samo zurfi a cikin ciki. Wannan sanyawa a gaban ciki yana ba da damar yin amfani da biopsy a nan gaba, idan ya cancanta.
Maganin mai haƙuri, wanda ake kira "ƙananan dabba," yana kasancewa sai dai idan akwai dalili na musamman don cire shi. Da zarar pancreas yana haɗuwa da hanji da jini, za'a iya rufe incision kuma an dauki mai haƙuri zuwa mai kula da kulawa mai tsanani (ICU) don a kula da su a lokacin dawo da su.
Farfadowa
Hankula masu haƙuri za su ciyar da kwanaki da yawa a cikin ICU bayan hanyar dashi. Yawancin za su kashe akalla kwana bakwai a asibiti kafin su koma gida su ci gaba da dawo da su. Yawancin marasa lafiya suna komawa al'amuran al'ada a cikin makonni 4-6 na tiyata.
Rayuwa Bayan Tashi
Daya daga cikin batutuwa mafi kalubale na rayuwa da lafiyar bayan dashi shine rigakafin kin amincewa da kwayar. Ziyarar da ake yi a cibiyar dashi yana da mahimmanci bayan tiyata kuma ba su da yawa kamar yadda lokaci ya wuce sai dai idan akwai matsaloli tare da sababbin kwayoyin. Ga mutane da yawa, dawowa zuwa rayuwa ta al'ada zai yiwu bayan tiyata, amma wasu na iya ganin cewa sun inganta, amma har yanzu basu da lafiya.
Ga dukan marasa lafiya, waɗanda suke yin amfani da kwayoyi don hana ƙin yarda zai kasance gaskiya ne na rayuwa. Koda koda kwayoyin ba suyi aiki ba sosai, ana buƙatar shan magani na kin amincewa, kuma wannan magani zai iya haifar da cututtuka da yawa kamar na yau da kullum da kuma mura yayin da ya rage tsarin tsarin rigakafi.
Risks na tsawon lokaci
Batutuwa masu mahimmanci a cikin watanni da shekarun da suka biyo bayan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin suna bayyana kaɗan, amma yana iya zama mai tsanani. Yin kulawa da lafiyar lafiya ta hanyar cin abinci sosai, bin umarnin likita, da kuma yin motsa jiki yana da mahimmanci. Yin kula da lafiyar lafiyarka bayan da aka dasa shi ma mahimmanci ne, kuma sau da yawa ana kau da kai a cikin ƙoƙari ya kasance lafiya.
Har ila yau mahimmanci shine kulawa da kallon kallon wadannan alamu:
- Gidawar kin
- Amsawa ga magungunan ƙwayoyi
- Kwayar glucose mara kyau
- Rage aikin ginin aiki a tsawon lokaci
- Sanarwar da aka sani game da magunguna
Magunguna masu guba
Magunguna-wasu daga cikinsu sune kama da wararrun kwayoyi-suna amfani da su don sa jikin ya karbi sabon kwayoyin, amma waɗannan magunguna sun zo tare da matsala masu wuya tare da kima masu amfani.
Abubuwan da ke faruwa na yau da kullum na maganin magungunan ƙwayoyi sun haɗa da:
- Jiɗa
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Hoton fuska
- Gums
- Kuraje
- Asarar gashi
- Rashin hankali na rana
- Ruwan jini na hawan tayi
- Cholesterol matakan ƙaruwa
- Rashin hasara (osteoporosis ko osteopenia)
Organ Rejection
Kwayar kwayoyin halitta abu ne mai mahimmanci bayan dashi na kowane nau'i, kuma wasu marasa lafiya zasu fuskanci wani bangare na kin amincewa a cikin watanni na gaba bayan dashi. Mahimmanci don tsira da wani ɓangare na kin amincewa tare da sashin jiki mai sassaucin lafiya shine gano matsalar farko da kuma samun magani nan da nan.
Kwayoyin bayyanar cututtuka na kin amincewa sun hada da:
- Fever
- Pain cikin ko a kan sabon kwayoyin
- Glucose mai rikitarwa
- Jiɗa
- Vomiting
- Abun ciki na ciki
- Dark fitsari
- Rage fitar da fitsari
Mahimman sakamako
Gaba ɗaya, sakamakon da marasa lafiya ke fuskanta bayan girbin furen abu ne mai kyau. Sakamakon yawan kuɓuta ya kai kimanin kashi 95 zuwa 98 a shekara guda, 91 zuwa 92 bisa dari shekaru uku bayan da aka dasa, kuma 78 zuwa 88 bisa dari a shekaru biyar. Yawancin mutuwar saboda cututtukan zuciya ne, maimakon rikitarwa daga tiyata, kuma ya faru fiye da watanni uku bayan an fitar da shi daga wurin ginin.
Har ila yau mahimmanci shine yadda yadda pancreata transplanted ya yi bayan tiyata. A shekara guda bayan tiyata, kashi 78-88 na marasa lafiya suna da ci gaba da aiki da kashi 27 cikin 100 na da aiki a cikin shekaru goma bayan tiyata. Yin aiki yana nufin rashin insulin, matakan glucose na al'ada idan an gwada su bayan azumi, kuma halayen haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka a1c. Wannan yana nufin cewa marasa lafiya tare da "rashin aiki" pancreas na iya bazai buƙatar insulin amma suna da haɓakar hemoglobin mai girma a1c, ko kuma yana iya zama insulin dogara.
Kalma Daga
Tsarin gwaninta, ko dai kwayoyin halitta ne ko kuma sel mai rarrafe, wata hanya ce mai tsanani wadda ta shafi tasirin rayuwa da lafiya. Ga mutane da yawa, dashi shine maganin matsala mai tsanani kuma yana haifar da babban cigaba a cikin rayuwar rayuwa. Kadan ƙari, hanya tana haifar da rikitarwa, rashin lafiya, da wasu, babu wani cigaba a kula da glucose.
Yana da muhimmanci muyi la'akari da halin da ake ciki na cutar pancreatic a kan ladaran da kuma matsalolin da suka zo tare da hanyar dashi, kuma kuyi aiki tare da taka tsantsan bayan kuna koyo game da hanya.
> Source:
> Pancreatic da islet dashi a cikin ciwon sukari mellitus. Na zamani. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pancreas-and-islet-transplantation-in-diabetes-mellitus