Fadar White House tana da mahimmanci a jerin jerin jiragen
A halin yanzu, akwai fiye da 120,000 Amirkawa da ake buƙatar sabbin sassan jikin. An kiyasta mutane 22 da suka mutu a kowace rana yayin jiragen gaji. Kamar yadda sauran wurare na duniya ke fuskanta, Amurka tana fuskantar ƙananan ƙarancin gabobin jiki don dashi. Ta haka ne, kara yawan adadin kayan agaji ya zama fifiko na kasa.
A shekara ta 2016, gwamnatin Obama ta sanar da sababbin shirye-shiryen da ba wai kawai suke amfani da ita ba saboda rashin kuɗin bayar da kayan agaji amma har ma suna tallafa wa mutanen da ke ba da gudummawar gabobin, ko masu ba da gudummawa .
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu dubi wadannan shirye-shiryen don bunkasa sabbin kayan aiki da kuma abubuwan da suka dace da abubuwan da aka ba wa mutanen da suka bada gudummowa a wasu ƙasashe kamar Isra'ila.
Ƙananan Magana Game da Tsarin Guda
Tsarin bis yana da sauƙi a hanyar gwaji. Duk da haka, tare da cigaba a maganin, mun sami nasarar samun nasarar sassan jiki na sutura a cikin mutanen da ke da ciwon kwayar cutar ta ƙarshe, inda kwayar halitta ta ƙare yana aiki gaba ɗaya. Lokacin da wani abu mai mahimmanci, kamar koda, hanta, zuciya ko huhu yana dakatar da aiki, mutuwa ta biyo baya.
Ga jerin jerin sifofin gabobin jiki a saukowa na mita:
- Koda
- Hudu
- Zuciya
- Kwana
- Pancreas
- Intestines
Bayanin rubutu, kyallen takalma, kamar fatalwa, kashi, fata, fascia, veins sphenoid da kwakwalwa na zuciya, za'a iya kwashe su.
Dukkanin koda da kuma hawan hanta na hanta za a iya samo su daga mai bayarwa. Sauran kwayoyin, kamar zuciya da huhu, sun fito ne daga mai ba da gudummawa.
Musamman ma, mutum zai iya rayuwa tare da koda daya kuma don haka ya ba da gudummawa. Bugu da ƙari, mutum mai cike da hanta yana iya ba da wani ɓangare na hanta kuma hanta zai sake farfadowa. Mutanen da suka ba da gudummawar gabobin yayin da suke da rai suna kiransa masu bada gudummawa .
Gida na kyauta sau da yawa yakan fito ne daga marasa lafiya da aka kwantar da su kuma sun mutu daga ciwo ko rauni.
Hukumar hadin gwiwa, wadda ta ba da izini ta tabbatar da kula da lafiyar kasar a duk fadin duniya, tana buƙatar likitoci a cikin ma'aikatar gaggawa su tuntuɓi hukumomi masu saye da kwayoyin halitta game da mutuwar da ke faruwa a cikin ma'aikatar gaggawa. A wasu kalmomi, dole ne a sanar da irin wadannan hukumomin sayarwa da yiwuwar cewa za'a iya kasancewa gabobin da za'a iya dashi.
Ƙaunar iyali ita ce babbar maƙasudin ƙari ga samfuwar gabobin jiki don dashi. Yawancin lokaci, idan iyali ya fara haɓaka da ra'ayin kyauta, to, chances cewa kyauta zai faru ne mafi kyau. Bugu da ƙari, idan marigayin ya nuna fifiko ga kyauta ta hanyar yarda da yin rijistar tare da Sashen Vehicules Mota (DMV), to, iyalan mahalarta zasu iya yarda.
Idan iyali ba ta yarda da burin marigayin da ya ba da gudummawa ba, to likitoci masu sayen kayan aiki da kwarewa a wannan takaddama na warware rikice-rikice an kira su. Wadannan kwararru suna kula da dokokin jihar game da kyauta da sayarwa kuma zasu iya tafiyar da shawara.
Idan kun shirya don bayar da gudummawar gabobin ku kuma sun yi rijista don yin haka, yana da kyau a sanar da sauran dangi na wannan ƙuri'a.
Yin haka zai taimaka wajen warware rikice-rikice da damuwa a tsakanin 'yan uwanku a yayin mutuwar ku kuma mafi kyau don tabbatar da cewa bukatunku suna daraja.
Inganta Tsarin Juyawa Juyawa
Kodayake kashi 95 cikin 100 na dukan jama'ar {asar Amirka, na bayar da gudummowa, a cikin asali, kashi 50 cikin 100 na jama'ar {asar Amirka ne kawai aka rajista don zama masu bayar da agaji. Tare da jami'o'i daban-daban, asibitoci, kamfanonin, harsuna da kuma kungiyoyi masu tallafa wa juna haƙuri, gwamnatin tarayya ta buƙatar tayar da wannan rikice-rikice.
A sakamakon haka, za a bayar da dolar Amirka miliyan 200 ga ayyukan bincike da aka mayar da hankali kan bincike da ci gaban da suka shafi gwaninta.
A shekara ta 2016, gwamnatin Obama ta yi la'akari da cewa wadannan kokari zasu kara yawan adadin da aka bayar na 2,000 a kowace shekara.
Ga wasu tsare-tsaren da Gwamnatin Obama ta tsara don ingantawa da haɓaka gudummawar kwayoyin halitta a Amurka sannan kuma rage jerin jerin jiragen ruwa:
- Ƙarin Rarraba a kan matakin Ƙasa. Ƙungiya ta Ƙungiyar Gudanar da Ƙungiya ta Duniya (UNOS), Ƙungiyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyar ta Ƙasar, ta yi niyya don ƙara yawan kayan aiki a cikin tsarin sayarwa da kuma tsarin sutura. Har ila yau, UNOS na shirin shirya sababbin bayanai da fasahar samuwa don cibiyoyi da masu bincike.
- Ƙarfafa Ƙarfin Media. Facebook, Tinder, Twitter, KUMA da wasu kungiyoyi masu tasowa suna inganta sababbin kayan aiki don taimakawa masu bada tallafi don yin rajistar sauƙi. Wa] annan} ungiyoyi suna amfani da kafofin watsa labarun don watsa labarun tallafin jama'a da suka dace da matasa. BABBARI ba wani amfani ba ne wanda ya kirkiro babban wurin yin rajista. A halin yanzu, kowane jihohi yana da nasacciyar rajista. Duk da haka, yayin da mutane ke motsawa, sakonsu na kyauta ya rasa a cikin shuffle. GABATARWA yana daidaita wannan matsala tare da babban wurin yin rajistar cewa wanzuwar zaman kansa na rikodin jihohi-babban wurin yin rajista wanda duk wata ƙungiya na sayarwa ta kasuwa zai iya amfani da shi don bincika masu bayarwa.
- Organ da Tissue Biofabrication. Ma'aikatar Tsaro (DOD) tana sadaukar da dala miliyan 160 na kudaden jama'a da masu zaman kansu don ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Harkokin Cibiyar Harkokin Harkokin Gine Harkokin Gine-ginen Cibiyar Nazarin Halitta. Wannan cibiyar za ta ci gaba da fasahar masana'antu wanda zai taimakawa gyara da musanyawa da kwayoyin halitta. Wannan fasaha zai iya yin amfani da wannan rana don ƙirƙirar gabobin don dashi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, DOD yana kuma biyan kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 7 a cikin ƙwararrun kananan kamfanonin da ke kokarin inganta tsarin tsabta da kuma kayan jiki.
- Koda Cututtuka XPRIZE . Ƙungiyar Amurkan Na'urar Nero na Namiji tana nuni da dala miliyan 7 na farko don samar da cututtukan cututtuka na koda. Bisa ga shafin yanar gizonta, XPRIZE "babban kyautar ne, wanda ya tilastawa wa] annan abubuwan da za su yiwu, don canja rayuwar duniya."
- Inganta Sakamakon Gyara Tsarin Hanya. Cibiyar Fivrosis ta Cystic zata ba da dala miliyan 15 zuwa bincike wanda zai inganta sakamakon da aka dasa shi
- Kyauta da aka Karɓa. Walter Reed Bethesda yana gina kan shirin "ƙungiyar soja," wadanda ke da nauyin nau'i na aikin soja tare da marasa lafiya a Walter Reed wadanda suke bukatar koda kuma suna da wuya a daidaita. A wani bayanin da ya dace, fiye da 30 hukumomi suna haɗin kai don raba bayanai da kuma mafi kyawun ayyuka don kudancin transplants a cikin masu wuya a cikin wasan masu karɓa.
- HIV-positive Organ Transplants. Jami'ar Johns Hopkins da Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Kwayoyin cuta suna samar da nazari da yawa wanda zai iya ba da gudummawa ga mutane da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV da kuma ladabi don amfani da magungunan tallafin HIV.
Gudanar da Organ Donation
A Isra'ila, ƙananan ƙananan mutane suna ba da gudummawar gabobin. Don magance wannan nauyin gawar, a ranar 31 ga Maris, 2008, majalisar Isra'ila ta ba da doka cewa an ba da gudummawar gaisuwa ga ƙungiyoyi masu zuwa:
- Mutanen da suka yi rijista a matsayin masu bada agaji ta hanyar shiga katin bada kyauta
- Ƙwararren digiri na farko na masu ba da gudummawa ga mamaye
- Masu ba da gudummawa
Sharuɗɗa da ke karfafa kyautar kayan aiki kuma ta haka ne ke ba da fifiko mai ban sha'awa don zaɓar mutane su ne matsala na ainihi don matsalar matsalar gaji. Kafin Israila ta wuce doka don taimakawa ga gudummawar kwayoyin halitta, Singapore kawai ta kafa dokoki da ke ba da fifiko bisa tushen matsayin rajista. A wani bayanin da aka ba da labarin, a cikin shekaru tun lokacin da Isra'ila ta bi irin wannan doka, Chile ta kafa dokokin da za a ba da fifiko ga iyalan mahalarta wadanda suka mutu.
Ya ɗauki shekaru hudu don wannan sabuwar doka ta karfafa motsa jiki don yin sakamako. A wannan lokacin, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta kaddamar da manufofi da kayan aiki. Bugu da ƙari kuma, a lokacin wannan lokaci, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta gudanar da yakin neman ilimi game da wannan sabon tsari.
A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2012, wannan sabuwar doka ta dauki sakamako. Mutanen da suka sanya hannu don su zama masu bada agaji kafin wannan rana sun cancanci samun fifiko mai karɓar sakonnin gadon asibiti a farkon wannan ranar. Mutanen da suka yi rajistar bayan wannan kwanan nan sun jira shekaru uku don samun fifiko. An tsara wannan lokacin tsawon shekaru uku don ya kaskantar da mutane daga shiga har zuwa zama mai ba da gudummawa kawai bayan an gano su tare da yanayin da zai buƙaci suturar jiki.
A cikin labarin 2016 da aka wallafa a Tattalin Arzikin Lafiya , Stoler da abokan aiki sunyi amfani da bayanan rijistar masu bada gudummawa don gano wani ɓangare ko sabon manufofin don taimakawa kayan sadarwar jikin. Bisa ga mawallafin wannan binciken:
- Sabuwar manufar da ke bayar da fifiko ga masu bada agajin rajista ya yi aiki da kuma "mahimmanci" ya karu lambobin rajista.
- Yawancin mutane da aka yi rajistar kafin dokar ta fara a ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu, 2012, wanda ya zama ma'ana saboda mutanen da suka yi rajistar bayan wannan kwanan nan sun jira shekaru uku don samun matsayin fifiko.
- Sakamakon wayar da kan jama'a na nufin gabatar da wannan manufar mai bada rajista ga masu bada gudummawa.
- Yin sauƙin yin rajistar yin amfani da wayar tarho ko hanyoyin yanar gizon yanar gizon yana kara karfin karuwar ginin.
Sakamakon wannan binciken yana ƙarfafawa game da ingancin samar da matsi ga masu bada izini na rajista. Duk da haka, wannan binciken yana da iyakokinta. Sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna kawai ƙungiya tsakanin aiwatar da wannan manufar da ƙara yawan rijista masu bada gudummawa. A takaice dai, babu wata hanyar da za ta haifar da tasiri a tsakanin aiwatar da irin waɗannan manufofi da karuwa a cikin rijistar masu ba da gudummawa.
Sauran dalilai, kamar yakin neman ilimi na jama'a da kuma sauƙi na rajista (ta hanyar tarho ko intanit), na iya taimakawa wajen ƙara karfin kyautar. Saboda wannan binciken ne mai tsinkaya kuma ba tare da ƙungiyar kula ba, yana da wuyar ƙaddamar da sakamako na wannan sababbin manufofi na ƙaddamar da tsarin bada gudummowa.
A cewar masana da suka amsa sakamakon binciken, zane na dokar Israila da ke ba da fifiko ga mutanen da suka yi rajista a matsayin masu bada agaji suna da wasu manyan kuskure. Musamman, dangin dangi na iya sake juyawa bayanan mai ba da rancen don bada gudummawa gabobin bayan mutumin ya mutu. A madadin, "rikice-rikice" suna iya faruwa inda mutum ya rajista ya zama mai bada gudummawa don karɓar fifiko yayin da yake da rai amma ya umarci dangin farko ya soke wannan yanke shawara bayan mutuwar. Bisa ga wadannan masana, hanyar da kawai ta hana reversals da "karya" sashin masu bada tallafin su shine sake nazarin manufofin don yin hakan domin dangi na farko ba zai iya jigilar tsarin kyautar ba kuma ya ƙi izinin kyauta.
Kammalawa
Bisa ga masana, ingancin kullun da ke faruwa a Isra'ila bazai yi aiki sosai a Amurka ba saboda Amurka ta bambanta da hanyoyi da dama daga Isra'ila. Bugu da ƙari kuma, kodayake yawancin Amirkawa suna bukatar gabobin jiki, Amurka tana da dangantaka da "gabar jiki" idan aka kwatanta da Isra'ila.
Duk da haka, idan kai ko ƙaunatacciyar halin yanzu yana buƙatar wani sutura ko kuma tsammani na buƙata na gaba (rayuwa tare da gazawar gaɓoɓin ƙarewa), sababbin manufofi da gwamnatin Obama ta gabatar ya kamata ya ba da bege. Kodayake yana iya ɗaukar lokaci don waɗannan matakan da za su yi tasiri, zasu iya bunkasa fitowar jiki a Amurka ta hanyar ƙara yawan masu bayarwa, inganta kayan aiki da kuma cire wasu "yaudara" kamar kudin da asarar kuɗi na masu bada gudummawa.
A bayanin ƙarshe, idan kuna sha'awar zama mai ba da gudummawa, lura cewa ban da yin rijista a matsayin mai bayarwa tare da DMV na jiharku kuma za ku iya rijistar yanar gizo a shafuka kamar ORGANIZE da organdonor.gov, wanda Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta shirya na Lafiya & Human Services.
Sources:
Wallafa L, Sakamakon C. Sanarwa na Mutuwa, da Bayanin Gyara. A: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, Yealy DM, Meckler GD, Cline DM. eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Tintinalli: Jagoran Nazarin Jagora, 8th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2016. http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.proxygw.wrlc.org/content.aspx?bookid=1658&Sectionid=109449064.
Goldberg DS, Trotter JD. Kyauta da ke Kula da Kyauta: Ƙarin Kuɗi na Ƙadawa ta hanyar Haɓaka Ƙididdiga. Littafin Amirka na Tsarin Mulki 2016.
Organ Donation ya dogara ne akan Gida [edita]. Lancet 2016.
Stoler A et al. Gudanar da Ƙungiyoyin Don Donor tare da Tsarin Ƙungiya. Rahoton Lafiya 2016; 387: 2575.
Ajiye Rayuwa da Bayar da Fata ta Rage Rukunin Jiraren Jira. Whitehouse.gov.