Bayanan kididdigar, Yaya Mutane Yarda da Kwacewa ko Saurara?
Tambaya: Mene ne babban asiri na ilimin lissafi a cikin kurma da kuma sauraron jama'a masu sauraro na Amurka (da duniya)?
A: Yawancin mu akwai. Babu wanda ya sani. Akwai wasu kididdigar alƙaluma, amma sun kasance ba su da kwarewa ko kuma ba su iya dogara ba saboda wasu mutane ba sa so su gane kansu kamar yadda suke da lalacewa, ko kuma tambayoyin tambayoyin bazai tambayi kai tsaye ba idan mutum yana da lalacewar saurare.
Abokan alƙaluma da aka kiyasta sun kasance daga kurkuku 22 da saurara na saurare har zuwa tsararre miliyan 36 da wuya a ji. Daga cikin wadannan, kawai 'yan miliyoyin mutane ana daukar "kurma" kuma sauran sauraron wuya ne. Ƙarin lissafin lalata shi ne cewa wasu mutane "kurma" na iya zama da wuya a ji, kuma wasu "wahalar jin" mutane na iya zama kurma. Babu shakka mun isa mu tare da asarar sauraro cewa kamfanoni sun gane ikon da ake sayarwa na irin wannan babban bangare na al'umma.
Rahotanni sun hada da hukumomin Tarayya biyu: Cibiyoyin Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya (NCHS) wanda ke karkashin Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka (CDC), da Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka. Bisa ga NCHS, a cikin 1994 miliyan Amirka miliyan 4.5 - ƙananan yawan yawan adadin da aka samu tare da sauraron sauraro - suna amfani da fasaha don taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin ji.
Daga cikin waɗannan, na'urar da aka fi amfani da shi ita ce taimako mai ji, kuma "na'urar" mafi mahimmanci shine mai fassara.
Yayinda mafi yawan mutanen da ke sauraron hasara sune tsofaffi wadanda suka rasa ji da shekaru, kimanin 12 daga cikin mutane 1,000 da jin daɗin ji yana ƙarƙashin shekarun 18, bisa ga yawan kididdigar NCHS kwanan nan.
Wannan yana nufin cewa chances suna da kyau cewa a kalla ɗalibi a makarantarka zai sami lalacewar sauraro.
Ƙungiyar Ƙididdigar ta bayar da kididdigar labaru game da nakasa da kuma aikin yi, wanda aka karɓa daga binciken da aka samu na kudin shiga da kuma Shirin Shirin (shiga cikin shirye-shiryen tallafawa jama'a). Wannan bayanai yana da lambobi kawai a cikin dubban, maimakon miliyoyin. Ɗaya daga cikin alamu mai ban sha'awa wanda ya fito daga wannan bayanan ilimin lissafi shine cewa mutanen da ba su da hasara mai tsanani sun fi dacewa su yi aiki fiye da wadanda ke da rashin jin daɗi.
Cibiyar Binciken Gallaudet tana ba da wasu kididdigar kansa da sauran albarkatu, ta hanyar takardun shaida na gari. Bugu da ƙari, wasu gwamnatocin jihohi suna iya kula da kididdigar kansu don yawancin hasara a cikin jihar. Alal misali, Ƙungiyar Arizona na Ƙwararru da Ƙaƙƙwarar Jiha tana da kimantawa a kan yawan mutanen jihar.
Links:
- NCHS Yanayin Yanayi
- Asusun Census: Data on Disability and Employment (Adobe PDF File)