Hantavirus: Dalilin da za a Kashe Mice daga gidanka

Yadda za a kare lafiya daga wannan cutar

Mice droppings ne babba. Idan kana zaune a wasu wurare (kamar Kudu maso yammacin Amurka) za su iya zama fiye da girman. Suna iya haifar da cutar mai cututtukan da ake kira hantavirus. Wannan kamuwa da cuta yana yada ta hanyar rodents, musamman ma su droppings. Kuma ko da yake kwangilar cutar zai iya zama mai tsanani, za ka iya ɗaukar matakai kaɗan don rage haɗarinka.

Menene Hantavirus?

Yana da kwayar cutar da za ta iya, a cikin mafi munin siffar, ta sa ya zama numfashi numfashi.

Zai iya cigaba a cikin wani cuta da ake kira hantavirus na huhu. Hantaviruses suna cikin ɓangare na bunyavirus iyali na ƙwayoyin cuta. Duk sauran ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin wannan iyali suna yada ta hanyar arthropod (kamar kwari) sai dai ga hantaviruses. Wadannan ƙwayoyin RNA ne.

Yawancin mutanen da ke samun hantavirus sun gaji, suna da zazzabi, kuma suna fama da tsoka. Abun da ke fama da ƙananan shine manyan tsokoki, ciki har da cinya, kwatangwalo, baya, da wasu lokuta kafadu.

Wasu wadanda basu da lafiya kuma zasu iya ciwon ciwon kai, bala'i, da kuma rashin hankali, da kuma tashin zuciya, vomiting, zawo, da / ko ciwon ciki. Game da rabi wanda ke ci gaba da samun marasa lafiya suna da waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka.

Wasu suna cigaba don inganta yanayin bayyanar cututtuka. Wannan yana faruwa a kwanaki 4 zuwa 10 bayan an fara fara bayyanar cututtuka. Mai tsanani bayyanar cututtuka sun hada da wahalar numfashi da tari. A wannan lokaci, ƙwaƙwalwar za ta cika da ruwa yana sanya wa marasa lafiya numfashi numfashi.

Mai yiwuwa yana ɗauke da mako takwas zuwa takwas daga nunawa ga rodents (ko tumɓinsu) don samun rashin lafiya.

Yaya Mutane da yawa ke Husevirus?

Daga wadanda suka inganta Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, kimanin 3 zuwa 4 a cikin 10 mutane suka mutu (kimanin 36 zuwa 38 bisa dari na mutane).

Duk da haka, ba mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da HPS ba.

Yana da wata cuta mai wuya. Daga 1993 zuwa farkon shekara ta 2016, akwai mutane 659 da aka gano a Amurka Kafin 1993, cutar ba ta sanarda shi ba (ko da yake an gano alamun da ake nunawa, wanda hakan ya kawo 690).

Yaya Zaku Samu Hantavirus?

Kuna samun hantavirus daga rodents. Mice da berayen da kwayar cutar ba su da lafiya. Za su iya yin bala'i da kuma zubar da cutar ta hanyar fitsari da droppings. Kwayar cutar zata iya yadawa ta hanyar yaduwar su, ma'anar duk abin da suke dashi don abinci ko nesting iya ɗaukar cutar. A cikin yanayin, cutar zai iya wucewa a cikin kwanaki da dama a bushewa droppings, fitsari, da kuma salwa.

Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa da za mu iya samun haɗuwa da kwaya da zubar da ciki, da fitsari, da iska ba tare da sanin shi ba. Nuna iya zama:

• Airborne: fitsari, droppings, saliva barbashi sun shiga cikin iska
• Harkokin kai tsaye: tayar da fitsari, droppings, man
• A ciwo daga kamuwa da linzamin kwamfuta ko bera

Wannan zai iya kasancewa daga tsaftace ɗakin ajiya inda ƙuda ko ratsi suka yi gida daga mujallu. Zai iya zama daga hiking a wani yanki da kuma zango a wani yanki da aka ƙare. Zai iya kasancewa daga tsaftace ɗakin kwanciyar hankali, inda ƙuƙuka suka ɓoye a cikin kwantena. Zai iya zama daga tsaftacewa da kuma aika samfurori da wasu barbashi a cikin iska, wanda za'a iya numfashi a cikin.

Har ila yau yana iya tsabtace gida mai zafi lokacin da hunturu mai sanyi, lokacin da ƙudace kawai suka kasance a ciki a wancan lokacin.

A wasu kalmomi, akwai hanyoyi masu yawa, da dama da za su iya haɗuwa da raguwa na kayan da gurbataccen kwayoyin cutar ta shafa, idan kwayoyi suna cutar.

Yaya Hantavirus Ya Samo?

Abin farin ciki, mafi yawan wurare ba su da ƙwayar mice ko berayen. Hantavirus yafi yawan samuwa a cikin yankuna hudu na Amurka. Wannan ya haɗa da Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, da Utah, da kuma Navajo da Hopi a cikin yankunan.

Sauran lokuta sun faru a wasu jihohin da ke kusa: California (ciki har da Yosemite National Park), Washington, Texas, Montana, Idaho, Kansas, South Dakota, North Dakota, da Oregon.

Kwayoyin cuta da suka shafi Hantavirus

Akwai lokuta irin wannan hantaviruses a wasu jihohin Amurka. A Louisiana, akwai kwayar Bayou wadda take ɗauke da shinkafa. A Florida, akwai ƙwayar Canal na Black Creek. A Birnin New York, akwai wani lamari na cutar da ake kira cutar New York-1. Cutar da cutar ta haifar da irin wadannan ƙwayoyin cuta ba kullum ba ce, duk da haka akwai kamance.

Sauran sun yi rashin lafiya tare da hantaviruses masu dangantaka a Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Paraguay, da Uraguay.

Akwai wasu karin halayen hantaviruses a Turai da Asiya wadanda ke haifar da damuwa, amma rashin lafiya daban-daban: cutar zazzaɓin jini tare da cututtukan renal (HFRS). Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa cutar ta Puumala (PUUV) ta samo musamman a Finland da Sweden, da kuma yankunan daji na Belgique, Jamus, da Netherlands kuma suka yada ta hanyar salula. Haka kuma za a iya haifar da cutar Tula (TULV), Hantaan virus (HTNV), da kuma Seoul virus (SEOV).

Wadanne Rodents Wadanda suke Da Matsala?

Koda a jihohi da ƙasashe inda Hantavirus ke ciki, ba dukkanin mice da bera ba zasu kamu. Sai kawai wasu nau'in iya daukar nauyin Hantavirus da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta musamman don takamaimai. Wadannan sandunan suna samuwa ne kawai a wasu wurare.

Akwai nau'o'in mice da berayen da zasu iya yada cutar. Daban-daban rodents baza daban-daban nau'i na hantavirus.

• Ƙwararrayen ƙwayoyi na iya yada cutar (Sin Number SNV). Suna zaune a cikin itatuwan daji a Arewacin Amirka, amma kuma suna iya zama a wuraren daji da kuma a gidajensu da birane.
• Yarn da auduga zai iya yada cutar (cutar Black Creek Canal BCCV). Suna zaune ne a kudu maso Gabashin Amurka da kuma cikin Tsakiya da Kudancin Amirka. Suna rayuwa ne a cikin tsire-tsire (shrubs da tsire-tsire). Zasu iya sanya shi cikin birane idan yanayi ya dace.
• Rashin shinkafa shi ne ƙananan ƙwayar da ya shimfida wani nau'in da ake kira cutar Bayou. Har ila yau, a kudu maso gabashin Amurka da Amurka ta tsakiya. Yana zaune ne a yankunan marsh kuma zai iya yin iyo.
• Jigon fararen kafa yana kallon mai yawa kamar taurare, amma yana dauke da kwayar cutar (New York virus NYV). Yana cikin gabashin Amurka, daga kudancin New England zuwa jihohin Mid-Atlantic (NY da NJ) zuwa ƙasashen kudancin. Ana iya samuwa a tsakiyar Midwest da yammacin Amurka, da kuma a Mexico. Ya na rayuwa ya fi dacewa a cikin yankunan itace ko wuraren bushy amma yana iya zama a wasu sassan.

Akwai wasu wasu berayen da ƙuda da ke dauke da Hantavirus wanda zai haifar da HPS amma ba a same su ba. Akwai shakka wasu ƙwayoyin cuta da kawo irin wannan ƙwayoyin cuta da cewa haifar da wani Hantavirus rashin lafiya: HFRS (hemorrhagic zazzabi tare da renal ciwo).

Yaya Kuna Tsare?

Ko da yake akwai hanyoyi da dama da za a fallasa su, tuna cewa hantavirus abu ne mai wuya. Bugu da ƙari, akwai matakai da dama da za ku iya ɗauka domin ku kasance lafiya.

Abu na farko da farko, kauce wa rodents, droppings, fitsari, da kuma duk abin da suka iya cinye ko ci. Har ila yau, kauce wa wuraren da suke zama: sun bar dakuna, ɗakunan ajiya marasa amfani, wurare da aka sani, barns, ko wasu yankunan. Ajiye abinci a cikin kwantena ko gashi a cikin firiji ko daskarewa. Tabbatar hatimi kowane ramuka a cikin bangon ko bene inda zakara zai iya shiga.

A wasu kalmomi, kawai ya zama da wuya ga ƙwayoyi ko berayen su shiga cikin inda kake zama kuma ba zai yiwu ba sun so su zauna. Wannan yana tabbatacce ga inda kake zuwa zango da inda kake aiki.

Na biyu, kula da yadda kake tsabta, idan rodents zai kasance. Bayanan jagororin sun hada da:

1. Kada ka shafe, motsa jiki, ko matsananciyar matsi mai laushi, fitsari, nesting, ko wasu abubuwa masu gurɓataccen abu. Wannan zai iya jefa kayan gurbata zuwa cikin iska wanda za'a iya motsawa cikin.
2. Kauce wa tsabtataccen abu a ciki, idan an yiwu. Zai fi kyau don tsaftace kayan aiki ko wani abu a waje. Hasken rana na UV da hasken iska zai iya rage yawan hadarin cutar.
3. Zai fi dacewa da gurgunta, da fitsari, da sauran kayan da aka gurbata don yin rigakafi sosai tare da maganin cututtuka kamar maganin chlorine ko Lysol.
4. Yin amfani da gado, roba, vinyl, ko nitrile da wanke hannunka da sabulu da ruwa zasu iya taimaka maka mafi kyau.

Mutane da yawa da suka kamu da rashin lafiya suna da tasiri ga yarinya ko linzamin kwamfuta, amma ba duka sun san cewa suna zuwa haɗuwa da rodents ko ƙuƙwalwarsu ba. Yi la'akari idan kun kasance a wani yanki wanda zai iya samun ƙwayar ƙwayoyi ko ɓarna. Idan za a iya fallasa ku da kayan aiki masu cutar, ya kamata ku bi jagororin da aka ba ta CDC a Amurka , gwamnatin Kanada, da kuma Amurka .

Za a iya samun Hantavirus daga Wani?

Ana ba a gani na Hantavirus ta faru daga mutum zuwa wani a Amurka . Hantavirus mai alaka, Andes Hantavirus, an nuna shi yadawa a ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a Chile da Argentina, amma da wuya.

Yaya Yayi Hantavirus?

Ana shawo kan marasa lafiya ba tare da sanin abin da suka kamu da cutar ba. Akwai jinkiri a ganewar asali, musamman ma idan ba'a zargi ba. Ana iya kula da marasa lafiya tare da maganin rigakafi don sauran cututtuka, kamar leptospirosis, wanda zai iya haifar da irin wannan cuta da kuma yada ta rodents. Hantavirus, duk da haka, yana da cutar kuma baya amsa maganin rigakafi.

Ta Yaya Ka San Idan Kana da Hantavirus?

Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a wuraren da ake shafa sunyi zargin Hantavirus idan wani yana da wasu alamu da alamun bayyanar. Magunguna da aka kamu da cutar suna da zazzabi da kuma kwatsam na numfashi na numfashi. Suna iya samun ciwon zazzabi, ƙuƙuka, tsoka da ciwon zuciya, da ciwon kai, da GI. Haka kuma cutar ta taso da sauri; wani matashi mai kyau zai iya buƙatar oxygen a cikin kwanaki 2-3 na neman taimakon likita. Kwayar na iya haifar da matsalolin matsalolin da ke buƙatar oxygen kuma za'a iya ganin su shafi duka huhu a kan X-Ray (ko a jarrabawa).

Kasuwanci na iya nuna "hawan hawan haɗin haɓo" (samuwa a cikin jinin jini, akasin anemia , wanda zai iya faruwa lokacin da mutum ya ragu). Kasuwanci na iya nuna babban ƙididdiga mai yawa (neutrophils) da ƙananan platelets ( thrombocytopenia ). raba wannan kamuwa da cuta daga wasu don likitoci.

Kwayar cutar, idan ana tsammanin, za a iya tabbatar da gwajin gwaje-gwaje. Akwai gwaje-gwajen antibody (IgM ko maida IgG masu tsada) da gwajin PCR. Labarin Lab ba yana samuwa a mafi yawan asibitoci. Ya kamata a aika zuwa ɗakin binciken tunani.

Tarihin Hantavirus

A shekara ta 1993, cutar cutar da aka sani da "Sin Number" ("ba tare da suna" ba) ya ba da mamaki ga masu zama da masu kiwon lafiya a kudu maso yammacin Amurka. Matasa masu lafiya sun yi rashin lafiya, ba su iya numfashi, kuma babu wata ganewar asali. samu.

Daga Afrilu zuwa Mayu 1993, akwai lambobi 24 da aka gano. Sha biyu daga cikin wadannan mutane sun mutu.

Daga ƙarshe, an gano ganewar asali kuma an gano shi ne saboda irin kwayar cutar da ake kira hantavirus. Sauran hantaviruses daban-daban sun riga an gano su a wasu wurare, irin su a Koriya, kafin, amma wannan sabon nau'i ne (Sin Number Virus) a cikin sanannun ilimin hantaviruses. Wannan ciwo ya zama sanannun ciwon huhu na hantavirus.

Abin sha'awa, cutar ba sabon abu bane. Sai kawai a karo na farko da yawan mutanen likita suka gane wannan cuta. Dubi baya a cikin tsoffin samfurori a yankin sun gano cewa akwai mutanen da suka mutu ba tare da ganewar asali ba sunyi Hantavirus. Sashin farko da aka gano ta hanyar jarraba samfurori daga 1959 ne a cikin wani mutum mai shekaru 38 da haihuwa daga Utah.

Har ma a san cewa cutar ta fara fitowa daga Navajos a Yankin Gudun Gudun. Ayyukan kiwon lafiya na Navajo sun gane irin wannan cuta da ke hade da ƙuda, a fili shekaru da yawa kafin.

Sakamakon haka, wannan fashewa ya faru saboda akwai karin ƙuda. Wannan yana da yawa da ya dace da yanayin. An yi fari shekaru da yawa. Mice da tsattsauran ra'ayi sun ragu a lamba. Ruwan ruwan sama da ruwan sama ya zo. Ƙungiyar ta haɓaka a ƙidayar kuma yawancin ƙuƙwarar suka zo tare da mutane.

Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin rani da faɗuwar shekara ta 2012, an tabbatar da lamarin goma a cikin waɗanda suka ziyarci Yosemite Park kwanan nan.

> Sources:

> Castillo C. Tsakanin Tsarin Hanyoyin Cutar zuwa Hantavirus Tsakanin Iyali da Ma'aikatan Kula da Lafiya Lambobin sadarwa na Hantavirus Cutar Ciwon Cutar Ciki: Rashin Shaida ga Nosocomial Transmission na Andes cutar zuwa ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya a Chile. Am J Tashi Med Hyg. 2004; 70 (3): 302-4.

> CDC. Hantavirus. http://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/

> Wells RM, Young J, Williams RJ, et al. Hanyar Hantavirus a Amurka. Ƙwaƙwalwar Cutar Ebola. 1997; 3 (3): 361-5.