Tarihi, Ayyuka, Ayyuka da Abokai
Wannan takarda na game da Harshen Harshe (SL) Masu fassara ga 'yan kunne. Yana bada jarrabawar tarihin, matsayi, alhakin kai da dangantaka tsakanin masu fassara SL da masu sauraro. Amfanin da zane don abokan ciniki da masu fassara za a tattauna. Tsarin na ƙarshe ya nuna cewa mafi yawan hankali, karuwar kudade, da kuma yakin basirar jama'a, alal misali, ana buƙatar don sauraron mutane damar samun damar yin la'akari da takwarorinsu na ƙwaƙwalwa kamar yadda suke da kuɗi.Tarihin masu fassara na SL
Duk da yake ba a san ainihin ainihin mai fassara na farko ba, an nuna cewa matsayin mai fassara ya fara tare da mutane. Wani mutum mai sauraro zai iya tambayar mutum mai sauraro don yin aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga masu sauraro da sauraren mutane (Humphrey et al., 1996: 91). Ma'anar kalmar, mai fassara, ya kasance a cikin karni na 20 wanda a lokacin ne aka yi amfani dashi don komawa ga wani dan tsakiya, mataimaki, aboki ko mai ba da shawara (91). An yi amfani da masu fassara na tarihi a matsayin masu aikin sa kai, wadanda suke da dangi, abokai ko ma'aikata. Bukatar masu fassara na high quality tashi bayan yakin duniya na (44). A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, masu sana'a ko masu fassara sun fito daga tafkin masu sa kai.A cikin Kanada, an kafa "Kamfanin Muryar Kanada (CHS) a shekara ta 1940 don yin aiki tare da ba bisa ka'ida ba don tallafawa Deaf, Mai jin dadi da kuma wahalar sauraren mutane, iyaye masu sauraro da kuma wahalar sauraron yara da kuma ilmantar da jama'a." An fara gane ma'anar SL Interpreters a matsayin samar da kyakkyawan sabis a farkon shekarun 1970.
Wannan ya haifar da kafa Cibiyar Ma'aikatan Harshe na Harshe a Ontario (OASLI) a 1982. Yawancin masu fassara SL sunyi amfani da takardun shaida na farko da aka ba su a shekarar 1989 wanda ya kasance mai karfi a yau. Takaddun shaidar asali na da bangarori huɗu da ke kula da masu yin nazari-dalibai - fasaha na aiki kamar yadda aka tantance su ta hanyar yin tambayoyin rayuwa: Ƙwararren Ƙwararrakin Kwarewa (CSC), Rarraba Ƙwararren Kimiyya (RSC), Yarjejeniyar Tsarin Mulki / Trans-Literating Certification (IC / TC), Mai Bayani Mai Magana. Tabbatarwa: Kammala (OIC: C) da Takaddun shaida (OIC: CPC).
A halin yanzu, akwai buƙatar masu fassara SL don cika alamar tsakanin lambobi masu mahimmanci da masu sauraro da kuma samin masu fassara. A gaskiya ma, yawancin masu fassara ba su mallaka fasahar ilimin harshe da ake bukata don fassara fassarar. A sakamakon haka, sau da yawa suna samar da rashin fahimta da ke haifar da rikicewa da damuwa tsakanin masu sauraro da sauraron mutane (Humphrey et al., 48).
Masu fassara ba a koyaushe ake bukata ba
Ɗaya daga cikin kuskuren yaudarar da ake sauraron duniya shi ne cewa masu sauraro suna son kasancewar mai fassara a kowane yanayi. Masu sauraro, wajibi ne, suna buƙatar kasancewar mai fassara na SL a lokacin da ke cikin likita, shari'a, sana'a, ilimi da sauran batutuwa da ake buƙata cikakken shiga cikin sauraren sauraron duniya. Duk da haka, rashi SL masu fassara basu hana sadarwa daga faruwa. Akwai hanyoyi madaidaiciya don sadarwa tare da juna ciki har da: gestures, launi-rubutu, rubutu da rubutu rubutu. [Jagora bayanin kula: har ma kwakwalwa, misali alamar rubutu]Harshen Ilimin Ilimi a Kanada
Game da ayyukan SL Interpreters a Kanada, saitunan ilimi, Marty Taylor (1988) ya tabbatar da cewa kasancewarsu ga masu sauraron Deaf zai taimaka wa wannan 'yan kasuwa don "cimma daidaituwa daidai" (38) ga wadanda ke neman nasarar nasarar ilimi. Don taimakawa ɗalibai a duk matakan ilimin, ana buƙatar masu fassara su rike takardar shaidar kwararru a cikin ɗaya daga cikin masu biyowa: Takaddun shaida: Dokar (SC: L), Takaddun shaida: Ayyuka (SC: PA), ko Masters cikakken fasaha (MCSC) ).Sakamakon samun takardun takardun shaida zasu fara ne bayan samun gwajin da aka rubuta ta tambayoyi game da ilimin ɗan littafin: Tarihin Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Kayan Lantarki na Kanada (AVLIC) da sauran kungiyoyi masu dangantaka, ayyuka na SL Interpreting, da harshe da al'ada na sauraro (124). Bayan mutum ya kammala sashen da aka rubuta na jarrabawar, s / yana ci gaba da yin wani ɓangare na gwaji da ake kira Test of Interpretation (TOI).
Da zarar mutum ya cika dukkan bukatun ga takardun kwararru, s / wanda aka ba shi ta hanyar Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf (RID). A yin haka, s / ya shiga darajar wasu masu fassara SL Interpreters. Masu fassara sunyi dacewa don yin aiki tare da masu bi da yawa a cikin tsararrun saitunan: tattaunawa daya-daya, ƙanana da manyan kungiyoyi.
Nazarin fassara a Kanada
Jerin sunayen cibiyoyin na yanzu suna ba da horo ga masu fassara na SL: makarantar George Brown, Ontario, Douglas College, British Columbia, da kuma Kwalejin Red River, Manitoba. Yawancin cibiyoyin bayar da horon horo ga masu fassara na SL an tilasta su rufe saboda sakamakon rashin gazawa da kuma kula da lambobin aji. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin kolejoji da ke samar da shirye-shirye na SL shine ƙananan ɗaliban ɗalibai. Ƙididdiga masu yawa na daliban da suka kasa yin korawa daga shirin sun danganta da matsanancin damuwa da ke tattare da ilmantarwa na Harshen Amfani na Amirka (ASL) a lokaci guda don fahimtar yadda za a fassara shi cikin Turanci da visa-a-versa. Wajibi ne a lura cewa ASL "harshen ne na gani da kalaman kansa da haɗin da yake da bambanci da harshen Ingilishi." Saboda haka, kalubale na zama mai fassara SL shine mai girma cewa sakamakon da ya faru a cikin daliban SL da yawa sun dakatar da karatun su da kuma kawo karshen ayyukansu.David Howell (2003) ya lura da wasu ƙananan kwalejojin da ke fuskantar matsalolin da suka tattauna game da rufewar shirin Inter Interpreter a Grant MacEwan Community College: "A makon da ya wuce, Grant MacEwan College ya sanar da shirin fassarar harshen sa zai ƙare lokacin da ɗaliban dalibai 10 ke nan masu digiri a wannan watan.
'Wannan shirin ne mai tsada sosai tare da bukatar da ake bukata,' in ji mai magana da yawun kwalejin Michelle Leveille a wannan lokacin. Kashe ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙoƙari na kwalejin don rage yawan kuɗin da zai kai dala miliyan 2 a cikin shekara mai zuwa "(Cityplus, Yuni 5 2003. Yayin da ake biyan kuɗi, da kuma rage yawan kudade na gwamnati don irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen, sauran makarantun Kanada sun rufe shirye-shirye na SL, misali: Sheridan College, Ontario, St. Mary's University, Nova Scotia, da kuma Kolejin Cambrian, Ontario.
Ƙarin Dalibai ga masu fassara na SL
Daliban da suka kammala karatu sun fuskanci wani matsala yayin da suka fara aiki - rashin sanin kwarewa, takaddun shaida ba ya fassara cikin mai fassara wanda aka shirya don horo. Ƙananan ƙwararren 'yan kwanan nan, ba tare da laifin kansu ba, sun sami kansu marar shiri don yin aikin SL Interpreters.Saliban SL masu fassara suna son shirye-shiryen da suka dace don taimakawa masu karatun aiki a aikin aikin.
Don haka, mutane da dama suna zuwa karatun sakandare don samun takardun shaidar da suka dace don su ci nasara a filin su. Don haka, suna son sanin ilimin al'ada, Turanci da ASL ko Sigina na Kanada (CSL). A cewar Humphrey et al., Ƙwararren malamin SL Interpreter yana da digiri na "digiri ko digiri" (369).
Duk da haka, marubuta sun nuna cewa samun nasara ga masu karatun digiri suna nuna wadanda ke cikin digiri, kusan kashi goma cikin dari na waɗanda aka rubuta su.
Rashin gwamnati, kasuwanci da kuma kudaden kamfanoni don ci gaba da ilmantarwa, samarwa da kuma biyan kuɗi na ƙwararruwan SL mai ƙyama ga bukatun, bukatun da 'yancin masu sauraro suna ƙoƙarin rayuwa cikakke, daidaitaccen rayuwa a cikin al'ada.
SL masu fassara da kuma alhakin fassara
A cewar Ron Hahn (1996), yawancin masu fassara SL "suna da fasaha mai karfi," wanda zai taimaka musu su ci gaba da kafa "sunan kansa" (12). Yin aiki a matsayin masu sana'a, SL Masu fassara suna da alhakin gudanarwa tsakanin masu amfani da alamar alamar (Jiji da sauraron sauraro) da masu amfani da ba da alamar (ji). Bayan haka, kalma, mai fassara, tana nufin mutumin da yake fassara tsakanin mutane biyu ko fiye da hanyoyi dabam dabam na sadarwa ko wanda yake magana da harsuna daban.Masu fassara masu dacewa suna so su haɗu kuma su shiga cikin duniyoyi biyu tare-sauraro da saurare. Kodayake kula da masu fassara na SL sun kasance a kan fassara bayanai don sauraro da masu saurare, "matsalolin harshe yana haifar da matsananciyar damuwa tsakanin masu fassara, jami'an makarantar, da kuma ɗaliban 'yan kunne" (Lane et al., 1999: 259).
Yana da nauyin masu fassara na SL don tabbatar da cewa an ba da bayanin a fili ga bangarorin biyu, ciki har da ƙamus ɗin ASL da kuma tsarin watsawa.
Bisa ga matsalolin da ke tattare da bayanai ga bangarorin biyu, daya daga cikin masu tambayoyinmu, Bob, wanda yake da masaniyar SL Interpreter, ya amsa: "Sau da yawa tare da fassarorin ayyukan akwai kyakkyawar mafita, matsakaici da ƙarshe ga matsayina na fassara" (" Interview, "19 Fabrairu 2006). Sanarwar Bob ta nuna yadda ya dace da dangantaka tsakanin SL Interpreters da Deaf abokan ciniki suyi ƙoƙari su bi hanyar bayyana, hanya linzamin don tabbatar da cewa fassarar bayani ne m.
Wannan yana goyan bayan hujjar Lane et al. Cewa dukkanin masu fassara SL, yayin aiki tare da masu sauraro na al'ada, ya kamata su sami "fasahar da ake bukata [wannan] na bukatar fahimtar ASL" (258).
Ilimi da kwarewa na masu fassara na SL yana da mahimmanci lokacin da abokan ciniki na Deaf sun sami kansu a cikin yanayi mai tsanani wanda ke buƙatar cikakken bayani. Alal misali, lokacin da abokan ciniki na Deaf suna cikin yanayin da ke bin doka, taimakon yara ko likitoci na likita.
Don zama mai fassara, mutum dole ne ya kasance mai kula da al'ada kuma yana so yayi aiki a matsayin mai matsakaici tsakanin sauraron da sauraron duniya. Lokacin da mutum ya zama mai fassara, s / shi ne masaniyar sadarwar da ke faruwa a duniyoyi biyu-Ingilishi da ASL-yayin da sauran jam'iyyun ba su da.
Sabili da haka, "basirar mai fassara da ilmi ya yadu da yawa" (257), wanda shine dalilin da ya sa abokan ciniki na dindindin suna buƙatar samun dama ga masu dacewa, masu ƙwarewa, masu fassara na SL. Suna buƙatar su iya faɗakar da su a hanyoyi masu amfani don su iya fassarar kowane hali, irin su taron, tarurruka, wasanni, makarantu, kotun shari'a ko asibitoci.Masu fassara sune masu sana'a amma ɗan adam
Wani abokin sauraro, Lola, mai kira SL Interpreters a matsayin masu sana'a saboda ta yi imanin cewa "suna aiki mai kyau, kuma suna da kyau don zuwa koleji don koyon yadda za'a fassara ga Kurãme" Lola ya ci gaba, "Muna buƙatar su, ba tare da su ba , za mu kasance masu takaici, yin gwagwarmaya da kuma iyakancewar sadarwa. " Ƙaunar Lola ta nuna yawancin ra'ayoyin abokan ciniki akan masu fassara. Masu sauraro suna da daraja ga masu fassara SL, wadanda suka dauki lokaci don kammala karatun su don zama masu fassara.RID shi ne "Ƙwararren masu sana'a na kasa na masu fassara-yana da wata ƙungiya mai mahimmanci ga masu fassara" waɗanda suke neman su zama mafi cancanta (Lane et al., 257). Lane et al., Yayi jayayya cewa "yana da kyau [don masu fassara SL] su bukaci a ci gaba da digiri na kwalejin idan sun za i su yi aiki a cikin ilimin ilimin" (261). Duk da haka, mai fassara na tambayi, Mike, ya ce, "Ni ban na'ura ba ne!" Ma'anar na'ura wata kalma ce ta ƙarfafawa wadda ta karfafa nauyin da matsa lamba ga mai fassara don fassara harsuna biyu a lokaci daya ta amfani da hankalin jiki da tunani. Kamar yadda Mike ya nuna, masu sana'ar SL Interpreters ba za a iya tsammanin su zama marasa jin dadi ba tare da jin dadi yayin aiki da dogon lokaci da ake buƙata a wasu lokuta. Saboda haka, motsin rai na Mike yana nuna bukatun masu fassara don ganin su a matsayin ɗan adam kuma ba kamar "kayan aikin" kawai ba.
A cewar Jan Kanda (1990), hanya guda masu fassara suna kula da kulawa da kansu a cikin wani abu mai wuya, amma ƙwarewa, aikin shine ya bi ka'ida. Kamar haka, mai fassara yana kula da nesa na ma'aikata daga mata / abokansa don "haɗakarwa da haɗin kai da abokan hulɗar su" yayin aiki (2).
Sal, abokin ciniki, yana nuna cewa masu fassara da dama suna yin kokari mafi kyau don "ƙarfafa bangarorin da suka shiga, saboda ƙuduri yana da mahimmanci kuma haka rashin daidaituwa. Yana da muhimmanci a bi waɗannan ka'idoji don magance matsalolin tattaunawa da ke faruwa a wasu lokuta. Yin aiki zai iya zama matsala kuma ya tsoma baki tare da tsarin fassara "
Don a ce kalla, aikin SL Interpreters shine ƙalubalanci ne tun da yake suna bukatar su fahimci matsayin su da alhakin su ta hanyar rashin fahimtar juna, ta jiki da haɗin gwiwa yayin aiki tare da abokan ciniki don tabbatar da kulawa da kyau don amfani. ga abokan ciniki da kansu.
Hanya tsakanin tsakanin masu fassara SL da abokan ciniki
Lokacin da yake magana game da dangantakar dake tsakanin abokan ciniki da SL Interpreters, Ina so in lura cewa ina rubutu ne daga matsayi mai ban sha'awa: ɗan saurayi, matasa, baki, ɗaliban mata. Wannan da aka fada, Na yi ƙoƙari ya kusanci batun a cikin wani masanin kimiyya. Sashe na gaba bincika asusun farko daga masu sauraro da masu sauraro na SL. Tambayoyin sun fito ne daga tafkin abokantaka, wakilin dukkanin rayuwa, da kuma masu fassara SL wanda na yi aiki tare da baya.Binciken shari'ar 1998 ya shafi abubuwa masu sana'a: iyawa don biyan abokin ciniki da girmamawa da mutunci, haɓatawa daga bukatun kansa da kuma son kai don ingantaccen abokin ciniki, ƙoƙari don saduwa da bukatun abokin ciniki maimakon yin jigilar tsarin da hanyoyin da ba su da kyauta su.
A lokacin rubuta wannan takarda, na zama masani da binciken da aka yi a wannan binciken kuma na gano batutuwa masu dogara da rashin amincewa ko rashinsa, dangane da wannan sashe.
Mutumin yana da yarinya mai shekaru goma sha biyar, "Rose," wanda ya halarci makaranta na farko a karo na farko. Kamar yadda Rose ya shiga digiri na 10, tun lokacin da ya koya a makarantun Deaf, CHS ya ba ta "mace mai ban mamaki", "Pat." Rose da Pat suna da dangantaka da junansu da suka dace da ka'idodin kwarewa da aka lissafa a sama. Pat ya kasance mai kyau, mai kirki kuma ya karfafa Rose. Rose, wani matashi yana fuskantar tsarin makarantar jama'a a karo na farko, ya haɗu da Pat kuma ya yi hakuri don ganin ta ci gaba da haihuwa.
Duk da haka, Rose ya tabbata Pat zai dawo a ƙarshen kuma ya maraba da maye gurbin Pat, "Bet."
Rose ya fara lura da abubuwan da ke damuwa a cikin dangantakarta da Bet. Alal misali, Bet yayi jinkiri da Rose. Kwanan CHS, makarantun sauraron makarantu da makarantun jama'a da Rose suka kasa halarta sun sanar da ita game da hakkinta ga takarda. Saboda haka Rose yayi ƙoƙari ya dauki bayanan kansa. Lokacin da Rose ta durƙusa kansa don rubutawa, Bet zai zama mummunan hali da kuma jinkiri, ƙasƙanci ya tashi a gaban 'yan uwanta. Bet za ta yi ƙoƙari don ganin Lutu ya kuma gaya mata ta "saurara" kuma kada ta rage kansa.
Rose da kyau ya ji rauni,
tsoro da kuma kunya da halin Bet da haɓaka. Tsarin "Rose zai cike da hawaye," kuma Bet zai "buɗe idanunsa kuma ya yi fushi." Daga baya Bet ya karya ma'anar sirrin abokin hulɗar sirrinta lokacin da ta yi magana da wani mai fassara a lokacin hutun rana, ya yi wa Rose dariya don nuna yadda ya yi ta tambayoyi na Betce na rashin adalci ya bukaci "sauraron" kawai.Ra'ayin tunanin Rose da rashin amincewa da Bet ya kara girma kamar yadda Bet yayi rashin dacewa.
Abin farin ciki, 'yan takarar Rose sun nuna goyon bayanta tun lokacin da suke jin tausayin halin da take ciki. Beth ya zama mai bincike maras so a cikin aji kuma 'yan takarar Rose na "sauke" ta daga Bet's tirades. Kodayake goyon baya na makaranta, Rose ya sha wahala daga asarar girman kai, wahalar matsawa da tashin hankali yayin da yake hulɗa da Bet. Rose, dalibin da ya keɓe kuma ya ci nasara, ya kasa gwaji daga jin tsoro da damuwa ta hanyar da maƙiyan Bet ya yi.
A ƙarshe dai ranar ta zo lokacin da Pat ya dawo da Bet ya bar. Abubuwan da Bet ke ciki a kan Rose ya ragu a ƙarƙashin kulawa da girmama tsohon mai fassara, Pat. Rose ya ji dadi don ya fahimci cewa hanyar Bet ta kasance daidai ne game da "Code of Ethics" na AVLIC. Duk da haka, abin da ya fi damuwa game da dangantaka ta dangidan da Bet ya sa Bet yayi taƙasa ta dogara ga masu fassara da kuma lalacewar aikin makarantar yayin da yake karkashin jagorancin Bet.
Ra'ayin da Rose ya nuna yana faruwa ne a yayin da mai fassara na SL, kamar Bet, ba ta kula da ita ba, Rose. A wani ɓangaren, sakamakon da Rose ya haifar da rashin amincewa da dogon lokaci kuma tsoron kasancewar halin da ake ciki a yayin da yake ganawa da sabon mai fassara. A gefe guda kuma, Rose ya ba da kanta ta hanyar sanar da ita dama ta nan da nan ya ƙare irin wannan mai fassara SL kamar yadda Bet.
Hakkin 'Yan Amini game da Masu fassara
A dangane da dangantaka tsakanin abokin ciniki da SL Interpreters, Angela Stratiy (1995) ya yi iƙirarin cewa abokan ciniki suna da 'yancin game da sayen mai sana'a SL Interpreter: 1) Muna da hakki don samun dama ga bayanai.
2) Muna da 'yancin zaɓar masu fassara mana.
3) Muna da 'yancin dakatar da karɓar mai fassara wanda bai dace ba ko maras ilimi.
4) Muna da 'yancin gaya wa mai fassara cewa muna da matukar fahimta ko kuma muna jin dadi tare da ita / shi.
5) Muna da 'yancin gaya wa mai fassara da / ko ma'aikacinta cewa ci gaba da haɓakawa wajibi ne.
6) Muna da 'yancin yin imani da cewa ra'ayoyinmu game da ikon mai fassara na da muhimmanci. (Editan Jagora: Shin, Shin, Kuna Jin Dadin Tare da Masu Magana?) 3)
Rubutun Stratiy na masu sauraro da halayen masu sauraro suna ƙarfafa jinin wani abokin hulɗar da aka yi masa tambayoyi, "Sherry": "Hanya mai fassara na SL yana cikin ɓangaren da ya fi dacewa da jagorancin su wanda zai taimaka wa dalilai masu sauraro." Sherry ya nuna gaskiyar cewa Abokan masu sauraro ya kamata su yi amfani da kwarewa da ke kula da bukatun abokan ciniki. "Za a horar da masu fassara na SL a matsayin horar da su, masu zaman kansu da masu sana'a." Mutane da yawa abokan ciniki suna son SL masu fassara tare da shekaru masu yawa na kwarewa kuma suka bi da AVLIC ta "Code of Ethics."
Wani mai fassara ASL / Turanci mai fassara, Martin Koob (1996) ya tattauna a cikin labarin, "Ganin Gaban: Kasancewa da Kwararre," matsalolin uku da ke haifar da dangantaka tsakanin abokan ciniki da masu fassara su:
- Idan mutumin da yake aiki a matsayin mai fassara bai cancanci yin wannan aikin ba, babu wani abu da za a iya yi don hana su yin aiki a matsayin mai fassara.
- Idan mutumin da yake aiki a matsayin mai fassara ba ya nuna halin kirki, to lallai ba wata hanyar da za ta yi musu ba.
- Idan mai fassara ya karya dokar yayin aiwatar da ita / matsayinsa a matsayin mai fassara, babu wata hanyar da ta hana ta / shi don ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai fassara (14).
A cewar wani abokin sauraro, "Elizabeth," ya fadi a kan mai fassara don kada ya haifar da halin da ake ciki idan rikice-rikice na iya tashi tsakanin abokan ciniki da SL Interpreters. Don magance rikice-rikicen da ke faruwa, Elizabeth ya yi imanin cewa ya fi dacewa da "magance shi da sauri da sauri." Abokan ciniki da SL masu fassara suna da hanyoyi da dama don magance dukan rikice-rikice da ke fitowa a yayin da suke tare.
Alal misali, Manny, mai sauraron Deaf, yayi magana game da yadda ta dace da rikici tare da mai fassara: "Na jira har sai bayan wani ɗalibai, sami wuri mai zaman kansa, kamar a kusurwar hallway,
don tattauna na damu da damuwa game da 'wannan da wancan', abubuwan da ban so ba kuma ina son canzawa. Bayan haka, sai na ba da zabi don mu yarda. "Ya kamata a lura cewa masu fassara SL suna da damar da za a bi da su da girmamawa ta hanyar abokan hulɗarsu." Maganar Mike ta farko, "Ba ni da injin ba," in ji maimaitawa. raunana juna, amma yana da alhakin sadarwa ta hanyar girmamawa da sana'a.A cewar Cynthia B.
Roy (1995), aikin SL mai fassara zai iya bayyana matsayin mai sana'a idan wanda yana da wadannan:
- Kammala cikakkiyar magana a cikin harsuna biyu
- Fassarar fasaha
- Ilimin ilimi mai zurfi
- Sanin filin da ya fassara
- Dalili na al'adun gargajiya, da kuma
- Hanyar sana'a (137).
A cewar "Sylvia," mai fassara SL: "Mafi yawan rikici ya zo ne daga masu amfani ba tare da sanin abin da na ke ba (ko a'a!). Wannan yana fitowa ne daga masu sauraro fiye da sauraron. tura iyakokin.
Wasu masu sauraro masu jin dadi ba su damu ba tare da ni da kuma sauraron saurare, inda sauraron ya zama m, har ma da wani lokaci. "
Amma duk da haka, iyakoki sukan ketare. Alal misali, lokacin da nesa na nesa ya fara canzawa zuwa dangantaka ta sirri. Wannan yana samuwa ne ga masu yawan SL da ke aiki tare da masu sauraro (kamar sauraron abokan ciniki) kamar yadda Sylvia ya nanata: "Ya fi tsayi da yin aiki tare da wani ya fi ƙarfin ya zama mai sana'a, mai zaman kansa.
Ba za ku iya taimaka ba sai ku san mutanen da kuke aiki tare, kuma sau da yawa mabukaci mai sauraro zai yi magana da masu fassara fiye da masu sauraro (kuma a madadin), wanda kawai ya zurfafa haɗin. "
Karfafa zumunci da juna ba za a iya ganin wani abu mara kyau ga kowane bangare ba tun lokacin da yakan haifar da tunanin dan Adam na haɗin kai ga sauran duniya da ake so ta saurare ko mai saurare. Irin wannan fahimta mai girma ga juna na duniya daban-daban zai yiwu ta hanyar mai fassara. Ƙididdigar mai fassara ta sirri, idan dai yana cikin haɗin ƙwararren sana'a, na iya amfani da sauraro ko mai saurare.
Kammalawa:
SL Masu fassara suna hayar kawai don sauƙaƙe sadarwa tsakanin masu sauraro da masu saurare. A gaskiya, yayin da sauraro da masu sauraro suke magana, SL Interpreters ba za a lura da su ba, amma ana bi da su kamar ba su kasance ba ko kuma ba a ganuwa bayan bayanan farko da aka gabatar. Batutuwa (a Kanada) dangantaka da masu fassara na SL sun haɗa da: cututtuka na gwamnati, ƙananan rashin daliban da suka janyo hankalin sana'a, rashin cancanta masu fassara SL da kuma bukatar da ake sauraron sauraro da duniyar masu sauraro.
Resources
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AVLIC. (2006). Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Harshe na Kayayyakin Hanya na Kanada. Yuli 2000.
Bryman, Alan. (2004). Harkokin Hul] a da Jama'a na 2 Edition. NewYork: Oxford University Press.
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Ƙungiyar Kula da Kanada. (2006). "Ayyukan Ma'aikata na Ontario". 14 Afrilu 2006.
Carroll, Lewis. Alice A Wonderland (1869). IIIust. Ralph Steadman. New York: CN Potter, 1973.
Howell, Dauda. (2003). "Canceled Course a 'Gari Mai yawa' ga Kurãme: Masu fassara Harshe Harshen Tuni a cikin Short Supply." Cityplus.
5 Yuni 2003.
Humphrey, Janice H., da Alcorn, Bob J. (1995). Don haka kuna son zama dan fassara? An Gabatarwa ga Harshen Harshe Harshe. Edita na 2. Texas: H & H Masu bugawa.
Kanda, Jan. (1989). Menene ya sa mai fassara "Mai kyau"? "Yarjejeniyar, Northern California.
Koob, Martin (1996). "Ganin Gaggawa: Zama Masana." A AVLIC News, 10 (2), 14.
Lane, Harlan, Hoffmeister, Robert da Bahhan, Ben. (1996). A Journey zuwa cikin Ƙarshe Duniya. New York: DawnSignPress.
OASLI. Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Harshe Harshe na Ontario. (2006). OASLI takardu. Milton, Kanada.
Roy, Cynthia B. (1993). "Matsala tare da Ma'anar, Bayanai da Ma'anar Metaphors na Ma'aikata." Journal of Interpretation. 127-154.
Stratiy, Angela. (1996). "Shin, kin yarda da masu fassara?" Kurãme Kanada, 2 (3), 2-3.
Taylor, Marty. (1988). "Harkokin Sassa na Harshe Harshe a Kanada." Takardu daga taron 1988 na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Harshe na Kayayyakin Kasuwancin Kanada. Edmonton: AVLIC.