Shin Mun Kusa Cutar Cutar Gaggawa?
Wadanda suke da ciwon sukari iri daya (masu ciwon sukari) ba su samar da insulin-waxannan kwayoyin beta wadanda suke samar da beta (β-sel) a cikin abincin su ba su aiki daidai saboda dalilan da basu da kashi 100 ba. A matsayin hanyar da za a gudanar da matakan jini, sun dogara ne akan insulin, sun yi amfani da insulin sau da yawa kowace rana ko saka insulin pump, kididdigar carbohydrate , da kuma sau da yawa gwada su sugar sugar .
Duk da haka, masana kimiyya suna nazari akan samar da kwayoyin sel tarin ɗan adam (kwayoyin halitta-insulin) daga kwayoyin sutura, tare da manufar canzawa wadannan kwayoyin don taimakawa wadanda ke fama da ciwon sukari suna kashe insulin. Kwayoyin tarin sutura wanda aka samo daga kwayoyin sutur ne wani yanki ne na bincike kuma ana amfani da shi yanzu a nazarin dabba. Duk da haka, a cewar Cibiyoyin Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya, akwai wasu nau'o'i biyu na ƙaddamar da ƙwayar tantanin halitta wanda ke amfani dashi a cikin mutane da aka zaɓa da aka zaɓa tare da ciwon sukari.
Mene ne Tsarin Gwajiyar Islet?
Tsarin sel na Pancreatic, wanda aka fi sani da beta cell transplant, wani tsari ne wanda sassan beta, ko dai daga masu bada agaji ko kwayoyin halitta a cikin Lab, an dasa su cikin mutum mai ciwon sukari iri na 1. Fata shi ne cewa sun ɓoye insulin kuma zasu taimaka wajen tsara glucose na jini, kamar yadda sassan beta suke aiki akai-akai.
Har zuwa yau, marasa lafiya waɗanda aka dasa su tare da mahaifiyar masu ɗakunan tsuntsaye masu rai suna iya zama insulin mai zaman kansa na tsawon shekaru.
Duk da haka, wannan tsarin ya iyakance ne saboda rashin daidaituwa da ingancin ɗakunan masu tarin yawa. Bugu da ƙari, yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa dasawar kwayar halitta wata hanya ce ta gwaji kuma za a lakafta shi har sai an yi amfani da fasaha mai sassauci don samun nasara.
A halin yanzu, akwai nau'i biyu na dasawa.
Allo-Transplantation
Irin wannan fasalin ya shafi ɗaukar ƙwayoyin sel daga mai ba da gudummawa da kuma tsarkake su. Bayan tsarkakewa, ana sarrafa kwayoyin kuma an canja su zuwa mai karɓa.
An yi amfani da irin wannan dasawa a wasu marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari iri na 1 wadanda masu jini suna da wuya a sarrafa su. Mafi dacewa, dasawa zai haifar da matakan glucose na jini na yau da kullum ba tare da yin amfani da injections ko infusions ba, ko akalla zai rage adadin insulin da ake bukata. Wani makasudin shine rage rage rashin fahimtar hypoglycemia - yanayin haɗari wanda mutane basu iya jinin su sugars.
Magunguna masu tasowa suna karɓar jinsin biyu tare da kimanin 400,000 zuwa 500,000 tsibirin ta jiko. Da zarar an gina shi, sassan beta a cikin wadannan ɗakunan sun fara yin da kuma saki insulin.
Lokacin da aka karbi kwayoyin sutura, dole ne ka kasance a kan kwayoyin rigakafi don hana ƙin yarda. Wannan zai iya maganin ciwon sukari domin a tsawon lokaci waɗannan nau'i na kwayoyi, kamar corticosteroids, na iya ƙara haɓaka insulin, ya haifar da tasowa a cikin jini. Sauran nau'in kwayoyi na immunosuppressive na iya rage beta cell damar saki insulin.
Kuma a ƙarshe, waɗannan nau'i na kwayoyi sun rage tsarin rigakafi, wanda zai iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Saboda haka, ya bayyana cewa wannan tsari bai zo ba tare da iyakancewa da rashin tabbas ba.
Ba a yi amfani da dashi ba a duk asibitoci-asibitoci dole ne izini daga Cibiyar Abinci da Drugke ta Amurka (FDA) don binciken bincike na kan gine-gine. Kwararren likita wanda ke kwarewa a fannin ilimin likita, mai kula da ilimin kimiyya, shine yawanci wanda ke yin gyaran. Ya yi amfani da hasken x da duban dan tayi don jagorantar wurin sakawa na catheter (ƙaramin filastik, tube filastik) ta hanyar karamin haɗuwa a cikin cikin ciki zuwa cikin tashar portal (babban magunguna wanda ke bada jini ga hanta).
Da zarar an saka catheter a matsayi mai kyau, ana sanya suturar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin jikin ta hankali ta hanyar. Yawanci, ana ba marasa lafiya anethesia a gida yayin da ake amfani da su.
Masu bincike sunyi imanin cewa marasa lafiya sun bukaci kimanin 350 zuwa miliyan 750 don dakatar da amfani da insulin gaba daya. Saboda haka, mafi yawan marasa lafiya suna buƙatar fasali da yawa.
Sauke-saukewa
Wannan nau'i na gyare-gyare ne yake yi bayan an kawar da pancreas (pancreatectomy) a cikin marasa lafiya da ciwo mai tsanani da ciwo wanda ba za'a iya sarrafawa ta wasu jiyya ba. Manufar ita ce kula da insulin samarwa da mugunta domin kawar da pancreas zai iya haifar da mutum don ci gaba da ciwon sukari.
Marasa masu ciwon sukari iri daya ba za su iya karbar irin wannan dasawa ba.
Gwani
Idan aka kwatanta da ƙwayar sakon kwayar halitta, cell cell-transplants da yawa sun zama m. Gyaran da aka samu zai iya inganta glucose na jini kuma ƙayyade ko rage yawan insulin don karin lokaci. Wannan yana nufin cewa marasa lafiya ba zasu shiga insulin ko yin insulin ba a cikin famfo sau da yawa a rana. Kyakkyawan ƙwayar jini zai iya ragewa ko rage jinkirin matsalolin ciwon sukari irin su cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan masu ciwon sukari da cututtuka (cututtuka na jiki), da kuma retinopathy (lalacewar ido).
Bugu da ƙari, tare da gyaran-gyare-gyare, har ma da aikin da aka yi bayan da aka dasa shi zai iya kawar da rashin sani game da hypoglycemia, taimaka wa marasa lafiya ji alamun bayyanar cututtuka irin su sutura, girgiza, ƙwaƙwalwar zuciya, damuwa, ko yunwa, da kuma bi da su daidai.
Risks
Tsarin dashi zai iya ƙara haɗarin jini da jini. Har ila yau, akwai damar cewa sassan da aka canzawa bazai yi aiki ba ko a'a. Bugu da ƙari, dukan ƙwayoyin bazai yi aiki ba da sauri kuma yana iya ɗaukar lokaci don fara aiki daidai. Saboda haka, masu karɓa zasu iya buƙatar ɗaukar insulin har sai kwayoyin zasu fara aiki daidai.
Har ila yau akwai hadarin cewa amsawar autoimmune da farko ta lalata gawawwakin 'yan asalin mutumin za a iya sake haifar da sake, wanda ya haifar da farmaki a cikin sabon kwayoyin halitta. Masu bincike suna ƙoƙarin bincika idan suna amfani da wasu sassan jiki na dashi don hana wannan daga faruwa.
Don hana ƙin yarda da kwayoyin halitta, dole ne ka dauki magungunan immunosuppressive wanda ke rage tsarin rigakafi. Wadannan magungunan zasu iya kara yawan sugars. Ba a bukaci magunguna masu amfani da kwayoyin cutar ba a cikin yanayin da ake amfani da su a kan motsa jiki saboda ƙananan kwayoyin halitta sun fito ne daga jikin mutum mai haƙuri.
Ƙuntatawa
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin shi ne cewa akwai rashi daga ɓangaren ƙwayoyin cuta daga masu bada taimako-sau da dama akwai ƙananan kwayoyin halitta don dashi kuma basu isa ba.
Kamar yadda zaku iya tunanin, irin wannan tsari yana da tsada. Yayinda marasa lafiya zasu iya samun kuɗi a kan insulin, farashin hanyoyin, da alƙawari, da magungunan rigakafin rigakafi suna haifar da shinge na kudi wanda zai hana yin amfani da ƙwayar allo mai yawa.
Bugawa na gaba
Masana kimiyya suna aiki tukuru don kammala sassaucin suturar sel. Akwai wasu bincike da ke nuna yiwuwar haifar da kwayoyin beta na mutum daga kwayoyin halitta a cikin wani lab. An yi imani da cewa waɗannan kwayoyin halitta zasu haifar da adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin sel mai ƙyama. Kuma ko da yake akwai ci gaba da yawa, ana bukatar aiki da yawa a wannan yanki kafin dasawa ya zama zaɓin warkewa. Daidaita wannan hanya zai iya kawo mana mataki daya kusa da maganin ciwon sukari.
Kalma Daga
An yi amfani da tsire-tsire mai shinge, musamman allo-dasawar, a kan yawan mutanen da aka zaɓa da masu ciwon sukari iri daya wadanda ke da matukar wuya a lokacin sarrafa sugarsu jini ko kuma suna da mummunan hali na rashin fahimtar hypoglycemia. Ana yin gyare-gyare ne kawai a asibitin bincike na asibiti wanda FDA ya amince.
Nazarin dabba sun nuna cewa sassan beta sun halicce su daga kwayoyin sutura kuma suna amfani da su a cikin dashi don samar da insulin da sauri. Wannan hanyar yin amfani da beta ta hanyar samar da kwayar halitta zai iya samar da ƙarin kwayar halitta mai mahimmanci kuma mai yiwuwa wanda ya fi dacewa da shi idan aka kwatanta da ɗayan mahalli. Ba wai kawai wannan zai iya fadada adadin ƙwayoyin tantancewar sel ba, amma zai iya ƙara yawan sassan jikin beta don dalilai na bincike.
Yin amfani da kwayoyin sutura zai iya taimakawa miliyoyin mutane, amma masana kimiyya suna da yawa aiki kafin su kammala wannan hanya.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Cibiyar Ciwon Ciwon sukari da Cike da Abinci da Koda. Tsarin Islet na Pancreatic.
> FW, kuma. al. Tsarin halittu na jikin mutum β na pancreatic a vitro. Cell. 2014 Oktoba 9; 159 (2): 428-39. Doi: 10.1016 / j.cell.2014.09.040.
> Rahotanni na Gidan Gudanar da Ƙungiyar Harkokin Kasuwanci na shekara-shekara. Shafin Farko na Gidan Gudanarwar Ƙasa. https://web.emmes.com/study/isl//reports/01062012_7thAnnualReport.pdf
> Ƙungiyar Ciwon Yankakken Amirka. Gaskiyar Bayanan Bayanai da Bayanan Game da Ciwon sukari .
> JDRF. Hanyar Saba zuwa Beta Cells.