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6 Cututtuka na nakasaMutane da yawa Amirkawa suna tunanin sauro a cikin ma'anar kalmomi: Sauran sauro daga sauro. Duk da haka, akwai nau'o'in sauro daga can, kuma nau'o'in sauro suna haifar da wani abu fiye da kawai abin da ke tattare da mummunan abin da ke fama da rashin lafiyar jiki ko tsinkayyar launin fata. Dabbobi daban-daban zasu iya yada nau'o'in cututtuka masu tsanani.
Alal misali, tsarin gurgunin sauro na Culex yana yada cutar ta West Nile, St. Louis da kuma arboviridae. Abubuwan da ke cikin ɓangaren Anophelus ya yada malaria. Bayan haka, sauro na Aedes -da farko Aedes aegypti amma kuma Aedes ablopictus -spread yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, da Zika cutar.
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman factor da ke taimakawa wajen saurin sauro don samun nasarar yada rashin lafiya shine ainihin zabi ga mazaunin. Culex pipiens , wanda ke shimfida yammacin Nilu, yana son m, gurbatacce, da ruwa mai laushi. Kwayoyin halittu, wadanda suka yada malaria, sun fi son samar da ruwa, irin su tafkuna, tafkunan, da ruwa.
Sabanin haka, Aedes aegypti , wadda ke yada cutar Zika , dengue, da chikungunya, shine sauro mai ambaliya wanda zai iya haifar da kananan ruwa, ciki har da kananan kwantena. Ba kamar Aedes ablopictus , wanda yafi yawan sauro na karkara kuma ba shi da karfi a yaduwar cututtuka ciki har da cutar Zika, Aedes aegypti yana da fifiko na musamman ga yankunan birane.
A haɗuwa, waɗannan wurare suna nuna dalilin da yasa fashewar cutar Zika ta kasance a cikin rigar, damp, yanayi mai yawa kamar mutanen Brazil. Kamar yadda ka ji, kimanin mutane 4000 na ƙwararrun jarirai, mutane da yawa sunyi tunanin cewa suna da alaƙa da kamuwa da ƙwayar cutar Zika, wanda aka lura a Brazil a shekarar 2015.
Ga wadansu cututtuka guda shida na sauro:
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Yellow FeverA shekara ta 1904, Amurkan sun fara yin gini a kan Kanal Canal (bayan da Faransa ta watsar da aikin), wanda yau ya haɗa da Atlantic da Pacific Ocean. A shekara ta 1906, kashi 85 cikin dari na ma'aikata sunyi asibiti tare da yaduwar launin toka ko malaria. Daga cikin wadannan cututtukan sauro guda biyu, an yi la'akari da zafin zazzabi mafi tsanani.
Yaduwar cutar zazzabi ta farko ne ta hanyar Aedes aegypti , wanda kuma aka sani da sauro na zafin fata . Gidajen gadawa na kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta sun hada da Afirka da Latin Amurka. Bayyanar cututtuka na rawaya zazzabi iya kewayo daga m rashin lafiya zuwa hoto na bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri hemorrhagic zazzabi. (Cutar Ebola da kuma dengue na iya haifar da zafin jiki na jini.)
Ruwa na zazzabi yana kashe kimanin kashi 20 cikin dari na duk mutane da ke ciki. Maganin bayyanar cututtukan sun hada da zazzabi mai tsanani, sukar, vomiting, ciwon kai, arrhythmias, coma, da gigice. Ƙwararrun alamun bayyanar cututtuka sun ƙunshi albuminuria (furotin a cikin fitsari), jaundice (wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake kira wannan cututtukan zazzabi na zazzabi) da kuma ƙaddarar fata, ko lalatarwa.
Jiyya ga ƙananan zazzabi shine bayyanar cututtuka kuma ya hada da magunguna don taimako mai zafi da ruwaye. Akwai maganin alurar rigakafi mai mahimmanci wanda ya hana ƙwayar zazzabi.
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ChikungunyaKamar yaduwar launin rawaya, chibangunya ya yada ta hanyar Aedes aegypti . Chikungunya kuma yana yadu ta hanyar sauro ta Asiya ( Aedes albopictus ).
Wataƙila abu mai kyau game da chikungunya , banda sunan mai suna, shine cutar nan ba zai kashe ku ba. Duk da haka, idan kun kasance mummunan isa ku kamu da wannan rashin lafiya, ku kasance a shirye don tafiya guda ɗaya na helluva.
Chikungunya yana haifar da ciwo mai tsanani, ciwon kai, zazzabi, da gaggawa. Abun hulɗa zai iya ci gaba da shekaru bayan kamuwa da cuta.
Baya ga goyon bayan tallafi, kamar nau'in ruwa da magunguna kamar Tylenol, babu wani abin da za ayi don chikungunya. Babu kuma maganin alurar riga kafi don hana wannan rashin lafiya. Mutanen da suke zama a yankunan da chishengunya ke fama da ita ya kamata suyi kwarin kwari kuma su rufe su don hana hanta sauro.
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DengueDengue yana watsawa ta hanyar Aedes aegypti da Aedes albopictus .
Dengue yana da yawa kamar chikungunya; zazzabi, gaggawa, da kuma ciwon kai dukkansu ne don hanya. Duk da haka, a maimakon ciwon haɗin gwiwa (arthralgia) mafi yawan hankulan chikungunya, dengue ya gabatar da ciwo mai tsoka ko myalgias. Wannan ciwon tsoka zai iya zama da tsanani sosai cewa dengue ya kaddamar da kwayar halitta : "zazzaɓi zazzabi."
Yawancin mutanen da ke fama da maganin dengue sun warke. Abin takaici, wasu suna ci gaba da ciwon cutar zafin jini , wanda ba shi da wuri ba tare da jin dadi ba, har ma da miyagun jini, da jini, da sauran kulawa mai mahimmanci. Mutanen da ke dauke da cutar zafin jini na marasa lafiya wanda aka bari ba tare da izini ba har ya zub da jini daga sassa daban daban na jiki kuma zai mutu daga hadari.
Zuwa zazzaɓi zazzabi yana bi da alama, kuma babu magani.
Bayan kimanin shekaru 20 na binciken, kamfanin Faransa na Sanofi ya samar da maganin rigakafi don dengue a shekarar 2015.
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MalariyaCutar malaria ta watsar da sauro daga Anophelus , wanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar Plasmodium .
Malariya na da alhakin kashe mutane miliyan daya a kowace shekara; shi ya yadu a cikin kasashe masu tasowa masu tasowa tare da wurare masu zafi da wurare masu zafi.
Ga wasu bayyanar cututtuka na malaria:
- hare-haren da zazzabi, zazzabi, da kuma bala'i
- ciwon kai
- vomiting
- ciwon tsoka (myalgia)
- anemia
- thrombocytopenia (halakar plalets)
- splenomegaly (kara girma lambun)
Babban kamuwa da cutar zazzabin cizon sauro yana haifar da lalacewa ga kwayoyin halitta, hypotension (cututtukan jini mai tsanani), huhu mai kwakwalwa (ruwa a cikin huhu), ciwon anemia mai tsanani, ciwon zuciya (jiki-gishiri) da sauransu.
Abin farin, kwayoyin antimalarial suna da tasiri wajen magance cutar malaria; Chloroquine shine magani na farko.
Ana iya amfani da kwayoyi na Antimalarial a matsayin prophylaxis don hana malaria a cikin matafiya.
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Kwayar Yammacin NiluA kan Gabashin Gabashin Gabashin Amurka, Culex pipiens ya yada cutar Ebola a West Nile. Ba kamar sauran sauran sauro da aka gabatar da su ba, wanda ya yada kwakwalwa a cikin mutane, Culex pipiens ya watsa West Nile bayan ya fara tsuntsu da kuma mutum na biyu.
Yawancin mutanen da ke fama da cutar ta West Nile sun sauko ba tare da wata alama ba, kuma suna da matukar damuwa. CDC ta kiyasta cewa daya daga cikin mutane biyar da ke fama da cutar West Nile na haifar da bayyanar cututtuka, ciki har da zazzabi, vomiting, cututtuka, rash, da ciwo da kuma shan wahala.
Ƙananan mutane - yawancin mutanen da ke da shekaru 60 da ke da yanayin kamar ciwon sukari, hauhawar jini, ko ciwon daji - ci gaba da haifar da ƙwayar cuta mai tsanani. Babban kamuwa da cuta yana dauke da matsalolin neurological: meningitis ko encephalitis. Kimanin kashi 10 cikin dari na mutanen da suka ci gaba da yin irin wannan cuta mai tsanani.
Babu magani ko maganin alurar rigakafin cutar Ebola. Ga mutanen da ke da rashin lafiya, an bayar da magungunan alama. Mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiya suna buƙatar kulawa da kuma asibiti.
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Zika cutarKamar dengue, rawaya zazzabi, da kuma chikungunya, cutar Zika ta fara watsawa ta hanyar Aedes aegypti .
A farkon shekara ta 2016, WHO ta bayyana cewa cutar Zika ta zama gaggawa ta gaggawa ta duniya saboda mummunar haɗin kai ga microcephaly da sauran lahani na haihuwa tsakanin 'ya'yan jariran Brazil.
Sources:
Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ. Malariya. A cikin: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ. eds. Magungunan Asibiti na Kwayoyi da Kwarewa 2016 . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2016. Samun shiga Fabrairu 05, 2016.
Venugopal R, D'Andrea S. Global Travelers. A: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, Yealy DM, Meckler GD, Cline DM. eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Tintinalli: Jagoran Nazarin Jagora, 8th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2016. Samun shiga Fabrairu 04, 2016.