Sauya zuwa Amaze da Astound ku
Saukakawa na iya zama mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa, musamman lokacin da kake koyo game da wani abu da yake kusa da gida. Ko kana da ciwon sukari ko san wanda ya yi, za ka so ka koyi wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da wannan cuta. Ganin yadda yawancin maganin ya samo asali zai iya karfafawa. Bugu da ƙari, koyon ƙarin game da ciwon sukari zai iya taimakawa wajen ƙara fahimtarka da kuma motsa ka ka dauki iko.
Kamar yadda kalma yake magana, ilimin ilimi shine iko.
25 Tambayoyi masu ban sha'awa game da ciwon sukari
Littafin da aka rubuta da farko da aka sani game da ciwon sukari ya kasance a 1500 BC a cikin Papyrus Ebers Egypt. Yana nuna alamun bayyanar cututtuka na urination.
Ciwon sukari alamun jini kamar su ƙishirwa, asarar hasara, da hawan urination an gane su fiye da shekaru 1200 kafin a kira sunan cutar.
An san likitan Ishaeus likitancin Helenanci (30-90CE) tare da sunan "ciwon sukari". Ya rubuta cutar tare da bayyanar cututtuka irin su ƙishirwa (polydipsia), matsanancin urination (polyuria) da asarar nauyi. Ya ambaci yanayin "ciwon sukari," ma'anar "gudana."
Dokta Thomas Willis (1621-1675) da ake kira ciwon sukari shine "mummunan mummunan abu" kuma ya bayyana fitsari na mutanen dake dauke da ciwon sukari 2 kamar yadda "mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa, kamar dai an cika shi da zuma ko sukari." Shi ne kuma wanda ya fara bayyana ciwo da damuwa daga lalacewa ta jiki saboda ciwon sukari.
A zamanin d ¯ a, likitoci za su gwada masu ciwon sukari ta wurin dandanawa da fitsari don ganin idan yana da dadi. Mutanen da suka ɗanɗana hurarru don bincika ciwon sukari an kira su "tashar ruwa." Wasu matakan bincike sun hada da dubawa don ganin idan isar ta jawo tururuwa ko kwari.
A ƙarshen 1850, likitan Faransa mai suna Priorry ya gaya wa marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari su ci yawan sukari. A bayyane yake, wannan hanyar magani ba ta dadewa ba, kamar yadda sukari ya ƙara yawan sugars.
- Baya a cikin rana, babu jini glucose na jini. Maimakon haka, sun gwada jini don amfani da fitsari. A 1941, Ames Diagnostics sun yi amfani da Clinitest® na yaduwar sukari don su gwada fitsari. Hakan yana nufin haɗuwa da fitsari da ruwa a cikin gwajin gwajin kuma ƙara kadan kwaya blue wanda ya haifar da sinadaran maganin da zai iya haifar da mummunar rauni ta jiki saboda matsanancin zafi. Launi na ruwa zai nuna ko akwai glucose a cikin fitsari.
A shekarar 1969-1970, Ames Diagnostics ya fara samarda glucose mai ɗaukar jini mai ɗaukar jini. An kira shi Ames Reflectance Meter (ARM). Ames daga baya ya zama wani ɓangare na Bayer. Na'urar ya dubi nau'in na'urori masu tricter da aka yi amfani da su a cikin asali na Star Trek. Sun kashe kimanin dala miliyan 650 kuma wajibi ne don likitoci suyi amfani da ayyukansu ko asibitoci. Matakan glucose na jini mai amfani don amfani da gida daga marasa lafiya ba a sayar a Amurka har zuwa 1980 ba.
Dokta Richard Bernstein, marubucin littafin Dokar Dr. Bernstein na Ciwon sukari , shine mutum na farko da yayi amfani da mita mai ɗaukar hoto don bincika matakan jini a gida. Ya kasance injiniya a wancan lokacin kuma a cikin mummunar lafiya saboda cututtukan sukari 1. Ya sami mita na ARM wanda ake nufi ne kawai don likitoci. Tun da yake ba likita a wancan lokacin ba, ya yi magana da matarsa (wanda yake likita ne) don samun na'urar a gare shi. Ya yanayin ciwon sukari ya karu sosai. Daga nan sai ya yi kira ga mita glucose na gidan jini wanda zai iya yin amfani da shi a gida. Bai iya samun takardun mujallolin likita ba don wallafa karatunsa, don haka a shekaru 43 da haihuwa ya tafi makarantar likita kuma ya zama likita.
Dokta Elliott P. Joslin, wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Ciwon Ciwon Ciwon sukari ta Joslin, shi ne likita na farko da ya kwarewa a cikin ciwon sukari da kuma karfafa ƙarfin kai. Ya zama mai sha'awar bayan an gano asalin mahaifiyarsa kuma an gaya masa cewa babu magani da ɗan sa zuciya. Ta mutu daga matsalolin ciwon sukari ba da daɗewa ba. An gano mahaifiyarsa a shekarar da ya fara aiki a shekara ta 1898 ('yan shekaru bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa). Ya taimaka ta sarrafa ta da ciwon sukari kuma ta rayu shekaru 10 da ya kasance wani m ga sau.
Dokta Elliot P. Joslin ya ce ciwon sukari shine "mafi kyawun cututtukan cututtuka" saboda "kasancewa mai tsabta, ba zato ba tsammani, ba mai kwakwalwa ba, sau da yawa rashin jin zafi kuma mai saukin kamuwa da magani."
A shekara ta 1916, Dr. Frederick M. Allen ya ci gaba da shirin maganin asibiti wanda ya hana rage cin abinci na masu ciwon ciwon sukari zuwa whiskey gauraye da kofi na baki (miyaccen miya ga wadanda ba masu shayarwa ba). An bai wa marasa lafiya wannan cakuda a kowace sa'o'i biyu har sai sukari ya ɓace daga fitsari (yawanci a cikin kwanaki 5). An ba da su ganyayyaki masu yawancin carbohydrate. Wannan shirin yana da mafi kyawun maganin magani ga lokacinsa. Ayyukan Allen ya sa hankalin Dr. Elliot P. Joslin wanda ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin tushen hanyar maganin rage cin abinci da maganin calorie.
Dokta Priscilla White ne ke kula da ciwon sukari a ciki. Ta shiga aikin Dr. Elliott P. Joslin a shekarar 1924 lokacin da aka samu nasarar samun tayin kashi 54%. A lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 1974, kashi 90 cikin dari ya samu nasara.
Kafin 1921, maganin zaɓin zabi na 2 na ciwon sukari shi ne yunwa ko matsananciyar yunwa.
A 1922, an gano pancreas don samun rawar jiki a cikin ciwon sukari. Masu bincike sunyi nazarin narkewa, cire cirewar daga cikin karnuka a cikin wani lab. Wani mataimaki ya lura da yawan tururuwan da aka janyo hankalin su zuwa furotin na kare. An jarraba fitsari kuma an gano cewa tana da sukari sosai.
Misali 1 da na 2 sun kasance sun bambanta a 1936. Duk da haka, an lura da bambancin a cikin shekarun 1700 lokacin da likita ya lura cewa wasu mutane sun sha wahala daga yanayin da ya fi na wasu fiye da sauran wadanda suka mutu a cikin makonni biyar bayan bayyanar cututtuka.
A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, yawancin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari an kiyasta su a yankin kudu maso gabashin Asia da yammacin yankunan yammacin Turai, suna kimanin kusan rabin yawan ciwon sukari a duniya.
A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 422 suna zaune tare da ciwon sukari a dukan duniya (bayanan daga shekarar 2014), kusan maimaita rikice-rikicen tun daga 1980.
A shekara ta 1942, an gano magungunan ciwon sukari na farko 2, sulfonylurea (magani wanda ke motsa pancreas don samar da insulin).
- A shekarar 1963 samfurin farko na wani 'insulin' wanda ya kawo glucagon da insulin sun kasance kama da jakadun jaka da Dr Arnold Kadish yayi.
A yau akwai fiye da nau'o'i 7 na maganin maganin maganganu don taimakawa wajen magance ciwon sukari na 2.
Mutane masu ciwon sukari iri biyu na iya amfani da marasa insulin injectables, GLP-1 agonists don magancewa da kuma kula da ciwon sukari na Type 2.
A shekara ta 2016, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Tarayyar ta amince da tsarin da aka samar da insulin na farko da aka rufe ta farko da ake kira System Minimed 670G.
A shekarar 2017, ma'aunin glucose na farko ba tare da yatsar yatsa ya shiga kasuwancin Amurka ba. Shirin Fasaha Mai Sauƙi yana amfani da fasaha na zamani don samar da glucose na ainihi a kowane minti ta yin amfani da firikwensin ƙaddarar rigakafi (baka da shi don calibrate shi da sandan yatsa, anyi haka a cikin ma'aikata).
A shekara ta 2018, FDA ta amince da amfani da sabon GLP-1 agonist , Novo Nordisk na Ozempic (weeksglutide), a matsayin wani shiri don cin abinci da kuma motsa jiki don maganin irin 2 ciwon sukari a cikin manya. Semaglutide shi ne na bakwai GLP-1 agonist da za a yarda a Amurka da kuma na huɗu da mako-mako injectable don karɓar yarda.
Resources:
1. Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya. Rahoton Global game da Ciwon sukari.
2. Ciwon sukari. Ciwon sukari Tarihin.