Shekaru da suka gabata da suka wuce a samar da clones kawai a cikin shafukan kimiyya. Yau, zinare wani yanki ne na binciken kimiyya da yiwuwar magance cututtukan mutane. Dabba wanda yake clone shi ne ainihin kwafin dabba wanda ya baiwa bayanan halittarta ( DNA ) don halittarsa. A cikin ilimin ilimin halitta, ana amfani da wannan kalma don bayyana iyali daya ko irin kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji.
Masana kimiyya na iya jigilar kwayoyin halitta.
Tsarin Cloning
Sel suna dauke da DNA. A cikin sauƙi, don yin clone, an cire DNA daga ɗaya daga cikin sel. An sanya wannan DNA a cikin kwayar kwai na dabba na mace. An saka kwai a clone a cikin jaririn dabba don yayi girma da ci gaba. Wannan wata hanya ce mai zurfi ta kimiyya, kuma yana da wuya a ci nasara tare da shi. Yawancin dabbobin dabbobi suna mutuwa kafin haihuwa. Koda bayan haihuwar, dabbobin da aka yiwa cloned zasu fuskanci matsalolin kiwon lafiya fiye da matsakaici da kuma raƙuman rai.
Dabba na farko da aka yi wa cloned shi ne tumaki, mai suna Dolly, wanda aka haife shi a shekara ta 1996. Tun daga wannan lokacin akwai wasu wasu dabbobi da suka hada da mice, cats, awaki, aladu, shanu, da birai. Babu ƙwayoyin clones, ko da yake fasaha don yin hakan yana yiwuwa. Cloning mutane ne mai matukar rikici topic.
Amfani da Cloning don kawar da cuta
Ginin shine wani sashe na DNA. Masana kimiyya zasu iya rufe kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar canza su daga kwayar halitta daya zuwa wani kuma samun su suyi.
Wannan ake kira DNlon cloning ko fasahar DNA recombinant.
Yin clone na amfrayo na mutum shine mafi yawan maganganu na cloning. Da ake kira warkewa cloning, manufarsa shine ƙirƙirar embryos ɗan adam don bincike. Mutane da yawa suna tsayayya da irin wannan cloning saboda an halaka 'yan embryos a cikin binciken.
Ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da ke da alamar bincike shi ne ƙwayar magunguna. A shekarar 2013, masana kimiyya a Jami'ar Oregon Health & Kimiyya sun kasance na farko da za su yi amfani da embryos don yin sutura . Kwayoyin da ke dauke da su suna da muhimmanci a magani saboda suna da ikon yin kowane irin kwayar halitta.
Alal misali, idan kun ci gaba da cutar koda da kuma buƙatar sabon koda. Mai iyalan dangi zai iya kasancewa kusa da wasan da za su iya ba da koda ko kuma za ku sami sa'a kuma ku sami mai ba da gudummawa a wasu wurare. Duk da haka, akwai damar cewa jikinka zai iya ƙin karfin. Magungunan maganin magungunan rigakafi na iya rage wannan dama, amma kuma za su rage tsarin ku na rigakafi .
Kwayoyin da ke dauke da ƙwarewa suna iya magance matsala ta ƙunshe. Saboda wasu kwayoyin halitta zasu iya juya zuwa kowane nau'in tantanin halitta, ana iya amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar gabobin ko kayan da kake buƙata, ta yin amfani da jikinka. Tun da kwayoyin halitta naka ne, jikinka zai kasance mai kusantar kai musu farmaki kamar su su ne ƙwayoyin waje. Duk da yake kwayoyin halitta suna da mahimmanci, mawuyacin samun jigilar sel ya kasance. Kwayoyin kwayoyin su ne mafi yawan masu amintattu a cikin embryos. Wadannan kwayoyin kuma za a iya girbe daga igiyoyi da kuma wasu kyallen takalma a jikin tsofaffi.
Matsalolin aiwatarwa
Kwayoyin tsofaffi na tsofaffi sun fi ƙarfin girbi kuma suna iya samun kasa da ƙwayoyin jini.
Wannan kalubale ne ya zama yadda za a haifar da kwayoyin halitta mai tayi na embryonic don manya. Wannan shi ne inda masu bincike a Jami'ar Lafiya da Kimiyya na Oregon suka shigo. Ayyukan da aka yi amfani da su sun taimaka wa jinsin mutum, cire DNA, sannan kuma ya maye gurbin DNA da aka samo daga jikin tsofaffin fata.
Dakin gwaje-gwaje sannan amfani da hade da sunadarai da lantarki don samun amfrayo don yayi girma da kuma samar da kwayoyin sutura. Ana iya amfani da wadannan kwayoyin halitta a cikin ka'idar, don ƙirƙirar gabobin da kayayyaki ga mutumin da ya ba da DNA na fata. Duk da yake wannan binciken yana da matukar tabbacin, jigilar embryos don ƙwayoyin sutura sun kasance masu rikici sosai.
Source:
NPR. Masana kimiyya Clone Human Embryos Don Yin Sanyoyin Sanya (2013).
Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasar. Bayaniyar Bayanan Lafiya