Wadanne Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Hanyoyin Gamma Sun Yi Bi?

Rashin raɗaɗɗen kashi daya iya magance wasu yanayin kwakwalwa ba tare da tiyata ba

Gamma Knife radiosurgery ne mai ci gaba da fasaha da fasaha wanda ake amfani da hasken wutar lantarki mai mahimmanci da gaske don halakar da yankunan nama daidai. Ko da yake an kira shi tiyata ne, hanya ta Gamma bata aiwatar da wani abu ba ko wani ɓoye.

Hanyar ba ta da mahimmanci fiye da na al'ada kuma yana bada cikakkun bayanai lokacin yin aiki mai kyau, musamman akan kwakwalwa.

Saboda haka, ana iya yin amfani da likitoci na Gamma da ake yi a kan asibiti ko kuma yana kwana a asibiti.

Tarihi

Kamfanin radiosurgery na Stereotactic ya fara ne a farkon shekarar 1949 da yaren Lars Leskell neurosurgeon na Lido Leskell tare da manufar magance kananan ƙananan kwakwalwa ba tare da lalacewa ba.

Leskell na farko kayayyaki don na'urar amfani da X-ray, proton, da kuma daga bisani ultra rays don sadar da ƙananan hasken radiation zuwa wani makasudin nufi a kan kwakwalwa. Ta hanyar jagorancin radiation daga kusurwa da dama, ƙwararrun masu juyawa zasu iya yaduwar mummunar magani don halakar ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta, toshe jijiyoyi, ko rufe jini da ƙananan lalacewa.

Leskell ya gabatar da Gamma Knife a 1968. A cikin shekarun 1970, Gamma Knife ya kasance cikakke (uku a cikin kusurwa) tare da gabatar da hotunan hoton Magnetic Resonance (MRI) da kuma ƙididdigar hoto (CT) . Da farko Gamma Knife ne kawai ya kawo Amurka a 1979 a cikin wani tsari tsakanin Leskell da Jami'ar California, Los Angeles.

Gamma Knife ne a yau alamar kasuwanci mai rijista na Elekta Instruments, Inc. a Stockholm, Sweden.

Musamman na'urorin na'urorin sadarwa

Bugu da ƙari, na'urar Leskell, kayan aikin da ake kira mai kwakwalwa na linzamin kwamfuta (Linac) an kirkira shi a shekarar 1952 a matsayin nau'i na juyayi (multi-dose) radiation.

Sai kawai a cikin 1982 gyare-gyaren da aka yi wa na'urar ya ba da damar yin amfani da shi a radiosurgery.

Kayan Linac ya bambanta da Gamma Knife a cikin cewa ana amfani da ita don maganin radiation a sassa daban-daban na jiki. Ana amfani da takalman Gamma, da bambanci, don kusan rayukan kwakwalwa. Bugu da ƙari, na'urar Linac ta buƙaci daɗaɗɗen fasaha da gwaninta idan an yi amfani da shi don yin amfani da radiosurgery kuma ya ba da wata filaye mai zurfi idan aka kwatanta da Gamma Knife (1.1 millimeters zuwa 0.15 millimita).

Wani sabon ra'ayi wanda ake kira Linac Cyberknife a shekara ta 2001 kuma ya fi dacewa da amfani da Gamma Knife a cikin ra'ayi. Na'urar, wanda aka saka a kan hannu na robotic, ya ba da radiation daga fuskoki daban-daban, amma, ba kamar Gamma Knife ba, bai nuna karuwar rayukan rayuwa ba idan aka kwatanta da wasu nau'o'in maganin radiation.

Sakamakon karshe na radiosurgery, wanda aka sani a farfadowa na proton (PBT) , yana amfani da katako na ƙwayoyin proton don yadad da nama. Duk da haka, bincike na 2012 daga Cibiyar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Amirka ya tabbatar da cewa PBT ba ta da wani amfani a kan al'amuran al'ada na radiation ba tare da ingancin cututtuka na yara ba na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya, ƙwayar ido mai tsanani, da cututtuka (irin wannan ciwon daji).

Duk da amfani mai kyau na PBT, ƙimar kuɗin tsarin (tsakanin $ 100 zuwa dala miliyan 180) ya sa ya zama wani zaɓi mai ban sha'awa ga yawancin asibitoci.

Yanayi Karɓa

Ganyakan kyamara na yau da kullum ana amfani dashi don magance ciwace-ciwacen daji da sauran raunuka a cikin kwakwalwa. Amma kuma zai iya zama tasiri a zalunta wasu ciwo da motsa jiki da kuma cututtuka a cikin kwakwalwa.

Ana amfani da kayan Gamma na musamman don bi da waɗannan sharuɗɗa:

• Ƙwararrun ƙwayar cuta (cututtuka da suka yada zuwa kwakwalwa daga ciwace-ciwa a cikin sauran kwayoyin halitta)
• Glioblastoma (wani irin ciwon kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa)
• Ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta (ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a kan jijiyar da ke fitowa daga kunnen ciki ga kwakwalwa)

• Meningioma (wani mummunan ciwon daji wanda ke fitowa daga membranes dake kewaye da kwakwalwa da kashin baya)
• Adenoma na Pituitary (wani ciwon da ba a ciki ba ne daga glandan pituitary)
• Cushing ta cuta (wani nau'in abnormality wanda jiki ya samar da yawa daga hormone damuwa, cortisol, saboda ko dai don maganin ciwon sukari ko kwayoyi masu kama da kwayoyi irin su prednisone )
• Ƙananan neuralgia (yanayin da matsa lamba akan jijiyar cututtuka yana haifar da ciwon fuska)
• Muguwar mahimmanci (cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙwayar cutar da ba tare da haɗari ba, ba tare da dangantaka da cutar Parkinson ba)
• Malformation marar kyau, ko AVM (ma'anar haɗari tsakanin arteries da veins, yawanci a kwakwalwa ko kashin baya)

Za a iya amfani da radiosurgery na Gamma a cikin yanayi inda ba'a iya samun ciwon kwakwalwa ta hanyar tiyata ta al'ada ko a cikin mutanen da ba za su iya jure wa wata hanya ta bude ba kamar craniotomy .

Domin sakamakon amfani da kayan Gamma yana nuna sannu a hankali a tsawon lokaci, ba a amfani dashi ga mutanen da yanayin su na bukatar gaggawa ko gaggawa ba.

Yadda Yake aiki

An kira aikin gyaran Gamma a matsayin "tiyata" domin ana iya yin shi a wani lokaci tare da mahimmancin manufofin aiki na yau da kullum. Sakamakon Gamma Knife ya bambanta da irin cutar da ake bi da shi:

• Lokacin da ake amfani dasu ciwon ciwace-ciwacen, radiation da aka mayar da hankali ya rushe DNA a cikin kwayoyin tumo. Wannan yana rikitar da damar da cell ke iya canzawa, yana haifar da ƙwayar cutar.
• Idan aka yi amfani da su don magance matsalolin rashin lafiyar jiki, iskar radiation ta haifar da ciwon lahani wanda ke katange sakonnin jijiya.
• Idan aka yi amfani da AVM, Gamma Knife zai iya rage girman da ƙarar jini da ke gudana ta hanyar jirgin ruwa, don haka rage hadarin rupture ko bugun jini.

Na'urar kanta kanta kamanni ne kamar yadda aka tsara a MRI ko CT scan tare da gado mai ɗakin kwanciyar hankali da kamannin mai kama-kama wanda aka sanya kanka. Ba zurfi kamar sauran na'urori ba, duk da haka, kuma yana cikin shiru don haka ba za ku iya samun kwarewa ba.

Abin da ake tsammani

Tsarin Gamma Knife yana kunshe ne da ƙungiyar kulawa, ciki har da mai ilimin likita mai kwakwalwa (likitan likitancin da yake kula da radiation), wani neurosurgeon, likitan kwantar da hankali, da kuma likita mai rijista. Hanyar na iya bambanta dan kadan dangane da yanayin da aka bi amma anyi amfani dashi a cikin matakai masu zuwa:

1. Lokacin da ka isa don magani, za a umarce ka ka kwanta a kan gado mai kwance bayan haka ko dai za a yi amfani da mash-like mask ko fadin fadin wuta wanda zai yi amfani da shi don kare lafiyarka kuma ya hana shi daga motsi.
2. Za a yi amfani da MRI ko CT scan don nuna ainihin wuri da girman girman tsarin da aka yi niyya ko rashin hauka.
3. Bisa ga sakamakon, tawagar za ta tsara tsari na magungunan ciki har da adadin lambobin da aka sanya su.
4. Bayan an sanya shi a matsayin wuri, za a motsa kai a cikin dome, kuma za a fara maganin radiation. Za ku kasance cikin farkawa da kuma haɗawa da likitanku ta hanyar haɗin yanar gizo. Dangane da yanayin, hanya zai iya ɗauka a ko'ina daga mintoci kaɗan zuwa fiye da awa ɗaya.

Hanyoyin Kiwon Lafiya

Duk da yake tsarin Gamma na kanta ba shi da zafi, yin amfani da radiation zai iya haifar da lalacewa ta wasu lokuta saboda yawancin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Girman bayyanar cututtuka yana da dangantaka da tsawon lokaci da wuri na kulawa da radiation kuma zai iya haɗawa da:

• Ciwon kai
• Lambobi
• Jiɗa
• Binciken Blurry
• Rashin rauni
• Rashin daidaituwa
• Asarar gashi (yawancin lokaci)
• Riƙe

Akwai wasu haɗari masu dangantaka da yanayin likita naka. Tabbatar yin magana da likitanku game da wannan kafin yin jigilar Gamma Knife.

Amfani

Gamma Knife radiosurgery ya tabbatar da tasiri a zalunta benign ko m ciwace-ciwacen har zuwa hudu inimita (kusan 1½ inci) a size. Ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon kwakwalwar ƙwayar kwakwalwa , ana ganin hanyar ta kasance mai tasiri wajen samar da ciwon tumo da kuma cigaba da rayuwa.

Matsayi masu nasara sun bambanta da yanayin da ake bi da su, kamar haka:

• Tare da la'akari da AVM, ana ganin radiosurgery shine nau'i na magani a yau kuma yana da magani na tsakanin kashi 54 da kashi 92 bisa dari dangane da wurin da jirgin yake.
• A halin yanzu, nazarin shekara ta 2016 daga Turai ya nuna cewa mutanen da ke da ƙananan hankulansu sun amfana sosai daga hanya, da kashi 71.8 cikin dari na rashin jin dadi ga shekaru uku da kuma kashi 45.3 bisa dari wanda ba shi da jin zafi ga fiye da 10.
• Hakazalika, nazarin binciken binciken likita a 2012 ya nuna cewa, kashi 88.3 cikin 100 na mutanen da ake bi da su don tsananin gagarumin ci gaba sun kasance suna da kyau sosai bayan da watanni 24 suka wuce.
• Binciken 2013 na Jami'ar Virginia School of Medicine ya nuna cewa tsarin Gamma Knife ya samar da kwayar cutar ta 98 ​​akan ciwon daji wanda ke da alaka da cutar Cushing na tsawon shekaru hudu.

Matsalolin da ke faruwa a kan Gamma Knife radiosurgery suna dauke da mahimmanci, tare da mafi yawan abin da ya danganci yanayin mahimmanci maimakon hanya kanta.

> Sources:

> Ohye, C .; Higuchi, Y; Shibazaki. T. et al. "Gamma magungunan ciwon daji don cutar da kwayar cutar Parkinson da kuma gagarumar rawar jiki: Nazari mai mahimmanci da yawa." Neurosurgery. 2012; 70 (3): 526-35. DOI: 10.1227 / NEU.0b013e3182350893.

> Park, H .; Wang, E. Ruffer, C. et al. "Canza yanayin kirkirar Gamma Knife da na'urar linzamin kwamfuta da ke kan hanyar kwakwalwa don kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa a cikin Amurka." J Neurosurg. 2016 ; 124 (4): 1018-1024. DOI: 10.3171 / 2015.4.JNS1573.

> Plasencia, A. da Santillan, A. "Hadawa da kuma radiosurgery don maganin mallaka." Surg Neurol Int . 2012; 3 (Sanya 2): S90-S104. DOI: 10.4103 / 2152-7806.95420.

> Regis, J; Tuleasca, C .; Ressequier, N. et al. "Tsare-tsaren lokaci na aminci da inganci na Gamma Knife a cikin magungunan neuralgia na wucin gadi: nazarin jaridar tarihi na 497-patient." J Neurosurg. 2016; 124 (4): 1079-87. DOI: 10.3171 / 2015.2.JNS142144.

> Sheehan, J. Xu, Z; Salvetti, D. et al. "Sakamakon aikin tiyata gamma na Cushing ta cuta." J Neurosurg. 2013; 199 (6): 468-92. DOI: 10.3171 / 2013.7.JNS13217.