Glioblastoma, wanda aka fi sani da glioblastoma multiforme, GBM, ko astrocytoma na 4, yana daya daga cikin ciwon kwakwalwar ƙwayar kwakwalwa, da kashi 50 cikin dari na dukan gliomas.
Mene ne alamomi na GBM?
Yayinda GBM yawanci ya faru bayan shekaru 50, yana iya faruwa a cikin ƙananan yara, kuma yana haifar da ciwon kai, sutura, da matsalolin maganganu masu mahimmanci irin su matsalolin maganganu ko canje-canje masu tunani.
Sauran bayyanar cututtuka na glioblastoma sun hada da rauni, ƙididdigewa, canje-canjen hangen nesa, da canje-canjen mutum. Wadannan bayyanar cututtuka sun bambanta dangane da girman ƙwayar da wuri.
Ta Yaya Saurin Fassara GBM?
Kwayoyin kwayoyin na GBM sun yada sauri. Ciwon sukari yana yaduwa a cikin kwakwalwa ba tare da iyakoki ba, yana da wuya idan ba zai iya yiwuwa a cire gaba ɗaya ba. Yawan lokaci daga farkon bayyanar cututtuka zuwa mutuwa shine kusan shekara guda, ko da yake wannan ya bambanta tsakanin mutane. Kimanin kashi 25 cikin dari na mutane na iya rayuwa har shekaru biyu ko fiye da magani.
Abin da ke haifar da GBM?
Glioblastoma multiforme, kamar dukan ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayar cuta, ta haifar da raɗaɗɗen cell cell. A wannan yanayin, kwayoyin da ba su da kullun da suke kewaye da su da kuma kare kodoyin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa suna karuwa ba tare da riƙewa ba. Wannan yana haifar da canje-canje akan yadda aka bayyana jinsin cikin kwayoyin-alal misali, ƙwayoyin suna iya fadada jigon kalma a cikin yankunan kamar mai karɓa na factor factor (EGFR) ko asarar ragowar muryar tumo kamar PTEN.
Sauran maye gurbi sun hada da MDM2 da RB gene.
Yaya Doctors Su Gani GBM?
Idan mai haƙuri yana da bayyanar cututtuka da suke da damuwa, likitoci zasu umurce su akan gwaji mai kwakwalwa irin su MRI scan na kwakwalwa. A kan MRI, GBM yana da alamun rashin daidaito, sau da yawa tare da ɓangaren magungunan nama ko lalataccen jini, da kuma wuri mai haske kewaye da kututture wanda ya inganta da bambancin gadolinium.
Wannan mummunan abu zai iya danna kan sauran sassan kwakwalwa kuma ya watsar da tsarin al'ada na kwakwalwa.
Yayin da wasu abubuwa zasu iya samun wannan bayyanar akan MRI, likita mai damuwa zaiyi ƙoƙari don shirya wani neurosurgeon ya dauki wani abu daga wannan nau'in abu daga cikin kwakwalwa. Ana iya kimanta nama a karkashin wani microscope, inda zai nuna babban adadin rarraba kwayoyin halitta a cikin siffar "pseudopalisading", ma'ana kwayoyin sunyi kama da layi. Wannan yana iya alaka da mutuwar kwayar halitta, kamar yadda tsarin su yake kusa da wuraren da gawawwakin da aka gani a GBM a ƙarƙashin microscope.
Yaya za a iya biyan GBM?
GBM yana da mummunar tashin hankali kuma ya ƙi yawancin jiyya. Sau da yawa makasudin wa] annan cututtuka sun fi game da rage cututtuka da kuma tsawon rai fiye da magance cutar.
Jiyya ga glioblastoma multiforme yakan hada da abubuwa uku:
- Tiyata -Dactors cire yawan ƙwayar cutar kamar yadda suke iya ba tare da lalata wuraren lafiya na kwakwalwa ba.
- Chemotherapy -Medicines an ba su kokarin magance ƙwayoyin tumatir. Temozolamide ko haɗuwa da tsirrai, tsuma, da vincristine wasu daga cikin jiyya mafi yawan.
- Harkokin radiation -Radiation da aka bawa ga kwakwalwa zai iya kashe wasu daga cikin kwayoyin cutar kanjamau. Wannan yakan hada da samar da radiation a cikin katako zuwa kashi ɗaya daga cikin kwakwalwa, maimakon kawar da dukan kwakwalwa kamar yadda yafi dacewa da wasu ciwon sukari.
Bayan duk wadannan jiyya, mutanen da ke da GBM sun bi su don ganin idan cutar ta dawo. Yawancin lokaci, da rashin alheri, GBM ya dawo. A wannan lokacin, za'a iya yin shawarwari da yawa a kan batun shari'ar. Domin GBM yana da mummunan tashin hankali kuma saboda akwai jiyya na iya samun mummunar tasiri, aikin gudanar da wannan ciwon daji yana da mahimmanci kuma ya haɗa da aiki tare da gwani ne da kuma neurosurgeon.
Sources:
Omuma, LM DeAngelis: Glioblastoma da sauran gliomas masu kyau: nazari na asibiti. JAMA: Labaran Ƙungiyar Magunguna ta Amirka . (2013) 310: 1842-1850.
H Ropper, MA Samuels. Ka'idodi na Adams da Victor na Lafiya, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.