Dalilin, cututtuka, jiyya da kuma rigakafin melanoma na idanu
Magungun kwayar cutar, ko ƙwayar ido, shine wani irin ciwon daji wanda yake shafar sassa daban- daban na ido , musamman choroid , ciliary jiki, da kuma iris . Choroidal melanoma ne mafi yawan nau'in ido malignancy.
Melanoma Melanoma (Ocular Melanoma) - Asalin
Mutane da yawa suna rikicewa game da irin wannan nau'i na ciwon daji, kamar yadda melanoma ya fi dacewa da fata .
Melanomas sun bunkasa daga melanocytes, kwayoyin da ke dauke da launin fata mai duhu (melanin) wanda ke nuna launin fata. Melanocytes ba kawai ga fata ba - za a iya samuwa a cikin gashi, da idanu, da kuma rufin wasu gabobin.
Melanoma yana farawa a tsakiya na ido wanda aka sani da uvea. Wannan shi ne Layer inda jini yake tafiya ta ido. Matsayi mai laushi shi ne sclera (ɓangaren mai farin ciki) da kuma ciki na ciki shine mai dakatarwa (inda sanduna da kwakwalwan da suke cikin sashin idon ido ya karbi sakonni don aikawa cikin kwakwalwa.) Wani lokaci melanoma ma ya auku a kan conjuctiva ko fatar ido.
Wannan ciwon daji yafi kowa a cikin tsofaffi da kuma kullun a kusan shekara 70. Ana samun shi sau da yawa a cikin maza fiye da mata. Ocular melanomas asusun kusan 5% na melanomas.
Menene Yasa Melanoma Ya Yi?
Kamar sauran ciwon daji da yawa ba mu tabbatar da abin da yake haifar da melanoma ba, amma akwai tsammanin cewa yana da alaka da kamuwa da hasken rana na UV.
Ba a tabbatar da wannan ka'ida ba, duk da haka.
Kodayake ba a yayinda ake yi wa malanoma bayani ba, masu bincike sun gano abubuwan hadarin cutar. Bayanan haɗari ga ƙwayoyin melanoma sunyi kama da hadarin haɗarin melanoma na fata kuma sun hada da:
- Kasancewa mai laushi ko kuma samun launin launi mai haske da launi na launin ido (launin shuɗi ko idon kore)
- Tsarewa mai tsawo zuwa hasken rana ko tarin gada
- Samun tan
- Caucasian tseren
- Samun ciwon nevus na nakasasshe, yanayin da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta
- Samun nauyin alade na fatar ido ko uvea
- Da ciwon melanocytosis da ƙwayoyin cuta, yanayin da zai haifar da ƙari da ƙananan pigmentation na ido da fata a kusa da ido
Masu bincike suna koyon abubuwa da yawa game da kwayoyin cututtuka da ciwon daji da kuma melanoma kuma ana tunanin cewa kashi 55 cikin dari na haɗarin melanoma ne saboda dalilan kwayoyin halitta .
Kwayoyin cututtuka na Ocular Melanoma
Akwai lokuta babu wani alamun bayyanar cututtuka na murƙushe malanoma, musamman ma a farkon matakai. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, yawancin idanuwan ido ne yawanci ana bincikar ta hanyar duba ido ta yau da kullum ta hanyar likita ko masanin kimiyya. Ocular melanoma bayyanar cututtuka sun hada da:
- Ruwan tsoro a ido daya
- Floaters (ƙananan "ruwaye" spots a cikin filin gani)
- Canja a launin iris ko wuri mai duhu a kan iris
- Canja a siffar jariri
- Ganin hasken walƙiya
- Red da / ko ido mai raɗaɗi
- Gudun ido
- Rashin haɗuwar hangen nesa ko asarar duk hangen nesa
Saboda wurare mafi yawa na waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen daji, mutane ba sa iya ganin ciwon daji da kansu - a wasu kalmomi, ba a bayyane su a cikin madubi.
Bincike akan Ocular Melanoma
Sabanin sauran nau'in ciwon daji, ba a saba amfani da biopsy ba saboda mafi yawan lokuta da ke da magungunan melanoma.
Daya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen farko da aka fi sani da mutane mafi yawa ana kiran su aptalmoscopy, wanda yayi amfani da ikon musamman don samun zurfin gani game da idanu. Yana da yawa kamar kayan aikin likitanku ko likitan amfani da su don duba ido. Ba zato ba ne kuma ba ta da zafi kuma anyi aiki bayan da likitanku ya fara hankalinku.
Za a iya yin amfani da duban dan tayi don duba ido da kuma tsarin da ke kewaye. An ba da sauƙi saukad da kafin kallon don hana duk wani rashin jin daɗi. Ana iya tambayarka don bincika cikin wurare daban-daban don ba da dama don kallon kallon kusurwoyi. Hanyoyin ido kullum sukan ɗauki minti 15 ko ƙasa.
Sauran gwaje-gwaje, kamar MRI ko CT scan, za'a iya yi idan an ɗauka cewa ciwon daji ya yada gaba da idanu.
Hanta yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na metastasis domin ciwon daji. Wannan jerin ya nuna inda melanoma yake yadawa .
Jiyya na Ocular Melanoma
Yin jiyya na melanoma ya dogara ne akan abin da ido yake ciki kuma idan ya hadu da wasu sassan jiki.
Tiyata shi ne hanya daya don magance melanoma na ido. Cire ido (iyawa) zai zama wajibi a wasu lokuta da manyan ciwace-ciwacen lokacin da wasu hanyoyin kulawa ba su dace ba. Za'a iya kirkirar ido a cikin mafi yawan lokuta. Hannun idanu a yau suna da hankali fiye da baya. An halicce su ta hanyar basira, masu horar da mutane da ake kira ocularists. Yana ɗauka ko'ina daga wurare 4 zuwa 6 don a kwashe su don yin kwakwalwa don a sanya shi. Daraja da halayyar fasaha sune muhimman halaye biyu masu la'akari da lokacin zabar wani ocularist.
Magungunan radiation ma magani ne don maganin melanoma. Yana iya zama kawai magani ko aikata bayan tiyata. Akwai nau'i biyu na radiation far : waje da ciki. Dukansu sunyi amfani da makamashi daban-daban domin su rushe aikin ciwon daji don kawar da su kuma su hana su daga rarrabawar kwayoyin.
- Rarraba na waje yana ba da radiation daga na'urar da ke da ƙwarewa da ke ci gaba da zubar da jini a waje. Wannan hanyar radiation yana da ƙayyadaddun kuma yana iyakance lalacewar abin da ke kewaye.
- Rawan jini na ciki (ƙwararrakin jini), wanda ake kira saurin maganin rubutu lokacin da ake rubutu magungunan melanoma, ya yi amfani da "iri" ko "plaque" wanda aka dasa a kusa da tsire-tsire ta hanyar jinya. Yawanci, an cigaba da shi don kimanin kwanaki 7 kuma an cire shi. Wannan ita ce hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta hanyar radiation wadda ake amfani dashi don melanoma.
Tsarin radiation yana da tasiri a kan melanoma, amma ba ya zo ba tare da tasiri ba. Red, idanu bushe shine sakamako na kowa. Cataracts wasu lokuta yakan haifar da farfado, amma tiyata yana iya zama wani zaɓi don cire su. Rashin gashin ido da ragewa na iya faruwa. Mafi mahimmanci, maganin radiation zai iya haifar da lalacewa na jiki, glaucoma , da jini masu kamala a cikin sutura.
Yin jiyya na melanoma da yawa yana kama da wannan don sauran nau'ikan melanoma . Kodayake magunguna masu kyau basu da magungunan cututtuka, yawancin zaɓuɓɓuka don melanoma chemotherapy wanzu.
Bugu da ƙari, gwajin gwaji da ke kallon maganin cutar da kuma rigakafi na ci gaba da nuna cewa wannan zai canza a nan gaba.
Sources:
Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kimiyya ta Amirka. Menene Ocular Melanoma? Updated 08/02/12. http://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-ocular-melanoma
Blum, E., Yang, J., Komatasubara, K., da R. Carvajal. Gudanarwar Gudanarwa na Uveal da Conjunctival Melanoma. Oncology (Williston Park) . 2016. 30 (1): 29-32,34-43,48.
Chattopadhay, C., Kim, D., Gombos, D. et al. Uveal melanoma: Daga ganewar asali zuwa magani da kimiyya tsakanin. Ciwon daji .
Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Intraocular (Uveal) Melanoma Jiyya - ga Ma'aikatan Lafiya (PDQ). Updated 07/09/15. http://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/hp/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq