Lokacin da aka ɗauka cikin isasshen yawa, acetaminophen yana da haɗari sosai
A Birnin Chicago a cikin fall of 1982, an yi amfani da su a cikin kwamin gwiwar Tylenol (Cyanide) wanda ya tabbatar da mutuwar mutane bakwai marar sani. Har wa yau, tilasta bin doka ba ta kama mutumin ko mutanen da ke da alhakin waɗannan ayyukan da suka aikata ba.
Maganar kisan gillar ta Chicago din ba wai kawai sunyi rayukan mutane bakwai ba, har ma sun kusan halakar da kamfanin McNeil, wanda ke da magungunan magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta Johnson & Johnson da mai yin Tylenol.
A cikin abin da ake amfani dashi yanzu a matsayin binciken rikici, a matsayi na tsoro na Tylenol, McNeil Products Consumer Products sun ba da gargadi ga jama'a kuma ya tuna da dukan kwalabe na Tylenol, miliyan 31 a duka. Ma'aikatan Kasuwancin McNeil sun tabbatar wa jama'a cewa duk abin da ya faru ya faru a waje da ma'aikata.
A cikin makonni masu zuwa na Chicago Tylenol Murders, Johnson & Johnson sun fito ne daga mamaye kasuwar analgesic da suka karu da kaso 35 cikin kashi na kasuwannin kashi 8 cikin dari. Amma a cikin shekara ta rikici, Tylenol ya sake komawa bayan zuba jari na dolar Amurka miliyan 100 a rage farashin, takarda mai shafewa, da kuma gabatar da caplet mai gelatin wanda yafi sauƙi don haɗiye da wuya a tsoma baki tare da. A lokacin rikicin da shekaru tun da yake, a cikin zukatan zukatan mutane, Tylenol ya sami ci gaba da kyakkyawan bangaskiya a matsayin mai lafiya, mai araha, da kuma sauƙi mai sauƙi.
Duk da haka, saboda dalilai banda gagarumar mummunan barazanar cin zarafi, Tylenol na iya zama haɗari. Kusan mutane da yawa ba sa tunani game da yadda za a yi amfani da su ba tare da wucewa ba, acetaminophen zai iya haifar da gazawar hanta mai hasara. Bayan haka, kwalabe na acetaminophen ba su da kullun lokacin da suke kwance a cikin gidan likitan ku ko lokacin da aka sayar a haɗin ku a kuɗin ku na gida.
Abin farin, za'a iya dakatar da guba na guba mai guba idan an yi maganin maganin maganin maganin cutar a cikin sa'o'i 10 na guba.
Sanin Tylenol
A cikin jiki, Tylenol ya shiga wurare dabam dabam ta hanyar sashin gastrointestinal. Tylenol shine kusan kashi 100 wanda ba'a iya samar da shi duka tasiri kuma mai hadarin gaske. Yana buƙatar kimanin minti 30 don maganin cututtuka (maganin ciwo) da kuma antipyretic (cututtukan zazzaɓi) na wannan magani don ɗaukar tasiri, kuma, a cikin al'amuran al'ada, jikinmu yana kusa game da rabin kashi na Tylenol 2.5 hours bayan rikici.
Lokacin da aka dauka don jin zafi a cikin manya, Tylenol an sanya shi tsakanin 600 MG da 1000 MG kowane 4 zuwa 6 hours. Babu wanda ya dauki fiye da 4 grams na Tylenol a rana. Cikaliyoyin Tylenol sun ƙunshi miliyon 500 na acetaminophen don haka kada ku dauki fiye da biyu caplets kowace sa'o'i shida ko takwas caplets kowace rana . Bayan bayanin kula, idan kuna da wata mummunar yanayin da ke buƙatar ku kai ko kusa kusa da hotuna takwas na Tylenol a rana, ya kamata ku nemi likita.
Lokacin da aka karɓa a cikin magungunan magani, yawancin Tylenol an kwantar da hankali ta hanyar hanta ta hanyar tafiyar matakai na sulfation da glucuronidation. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙananan adadin Tylenol mai amfani (kasa da kashi biyar) an cire shi ta hanyar kodan.
A ƙarshe, tare da maganin maganin warkewa, ƙananan ƙananan abu ne wanda aka samo shi ta hanyar tsarin P-450 na cytochrome wanda ya dace da N-acetyl-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI); NAPQ1 an rusa shi da sauri ta hanyar ciwon hawan na asibiti a cikin wani fili wanda ba a guba wanda ya kamu da cutar wanda ya shafe ta da kodan.
A lokuta da guba na Tylenol, hawan enzyme cytochrome P-450 an rufe shi da sauri kuma shaguna suna cinyewa. Sakamakon haka, mai cin gashin kai, NAPQ1, lalata da kuma kashe kwayoyin hanta haka zai haifar da gazawar hanta.
A shekara ta 2008, Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Harkokin Wuta ta Amirka ta ba da rahoton adadi 71,328 ga Tylenol a hade da kuma 80,845 bayyanar zuwa Tylenol kadai.
Kashi arba'in da uku sun mutu daga Tylenol na biyu na guba don shirya shirye-shirye, kuma mutane 69 suka mutu saboda Tylenol kadai. Wadannan kididdiga suna nuna muhimmancin asibiti game da cutar Tylenol: Wasu mutane sun daina yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta saboda yana nuna "rashin lafiya," amma kimanin yawan mutanen da ke kawo karshen guba ta guba saboda sun kasa fahimtar cewa Tylenol ma magunguna suke suna shan.
Dole ku da ƙaunatattunku su fahimci abin da aka tsara-analgesics, maganin barci da sanyi da kuma kwantar da hankali) - kasancewa acetaminophen:
- Lorcet
- Norco
- NyQuil
- Percocet
- Vicodin
- Darvocet
- Excedrin ES
- Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙasar Unisom
- Lorcet
- Tylox
- NyQuil
- Vicks Formula 44-D
- Tylenol PM
- Sominex 2
Don magance abubuwa mafi muni, lalacewar cutar da dama daga cikin wadannan magunguna da aka hade tare da acetaminophen na farko na iya kariya da bayyanar cututtukan Tylenol kanta. Wannan masking zai iya haifar da jinkirin rai a cikin magani.
Za a iya amfani da guba na Tylenol a matsayin matakai hudu.
- Sashe na 1. A cikin sa'o'i 24 na farko, alamun cututtuka ba su da cikakkun bayanai kuma sun hada da malaise, anorexia, tashin zuciya, da zubar da jini. Don dalilai maras sani, mutum mai guba yana iya bunkasa hypokalemia ko ƙananan matakan potassium a cikin jini.
- Mataki 2. A rana biyu ko uku, da zarar sun fara bayyanar cututtuka sun wanke, bayyanar cututtuka da alamun hanta hasara ko zai iya saitawa ciki har da ciwon hanta da taushi da hawan enzymes hanta (serum transaminases). Ko da ba tare da magani ba, mafi yawan mutanen da ciwon hanta mai ƙyama (watau, hepatoxicity) ya dawo ba tare da suma ba kuma kada ku shiga Stage 3.
- Sashe na 3. A rana ta 3 ko 4, rashin ciwo mai haɗari ya faru: nakasa ta hanyar rayuwa, ciwon gwiwar ƙwayar cuta, ciwon zuciya, coagulopathy da kuma matsalolin gastrointestinal.
- Sashe na 4. Ga wadanda suka tsira Stage 3, dawowa zai fara a kusan makonni biyu tare da sabunta aikin hanta a cikin watanni biyu.
Bayanin kulawa, mutanen da suke dogara da barasa ko wadanda ba su da wata rigakafi (misali, AIDS) sun shafe gidajen cin abinci kuma sun fi dacewa da guba mai guba da kuma rashin gazawar rashin lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da suke shan maganin wariyar launin fata ko magungunan tarin fuka suna cikin hatsari mafi yawa saboda wadannan magunguna sun haifar da aikin P-450 enzymatic cytochrome.
Jiyya na kariyar Tylenol
Magunguna sunyi amfani da maganin Tylenol bisa ka'idodin da suka samu nasara a baya, ciki har da wanda aka yi amfani da shi na musamman wanda aka yi amfani da shi, wanda ya yi amfani da shi na musamman, wanda ya zama nau'i na musamman.
Maganin antidote don maganin Tylenol shine magani ne da ake kira N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Aikin inganci na NAC ya dogara ne a lokacin magani, kuma yana da mafi inganci idan aka yi aiki a cikin sa'a 8 zuwa 10 na ƙwaƙwalwar haɓakaccen ƙwaƙwalwa. A cikin sa'o'i 12 zuwa 16, za ku fara ganin sakamakon maye gurbin maganin maganin; Duk da haka, za a fara fara magani a cikin sa'o'i 24.
Tare da rikice-rikice masu rikitarwa, ana iya gudanar da NAC a cikin kwayoyi 17 a lokacin 72 hours. Hakanan za'a iya gudanar da shi cikin ɓoye a cikin ƙananan sa'o'i 20. Ana gudanar da gwaje-gyaren aikin hawan (matakan enzyme) don ingantawa. A cikin sa'a daya zuwa sa'o'i biyu, za'a iya amfani da gawayi don taimakawa wajen shawo kan Tylenol. A cikin mummunan yanayin cewa acetaminophen ya riga ya lalata hanta, kuma rashin ciwo na rashin lafiya ya fara, za'a iya buƙatar hanta hanta .
Kalma Daga
Idan kai ko wani da kake ƙauna ya ɓace a kan Tylenol ko samfurori na Tylenol, kira 911 ko ayyuka na gaggawa nan da nan. Maganin Tylenol shi ne yanayin gaggawa kuma lokaci yana da mahimmanci-f kuna jiran dogon antidote na NAC ba zai aiki ba. Saboda alamu na damuwa da kwayar cutar ta jiki ne, yana da muhimmanci cewa ka sanar da duk masu samar da lafiyarka cewa za ka iya daukar Tylenol da yawa. (Masu likita na gaggawa na likita yawanci fitsari don matakan Tylenol amma basu dogara akan wannan hujja ba.)
Ƙarin bayani mafi girma game da Tylenol: Ko da shike Tylenol da kayayyakin Tylenol sun kasance marasa lahani, ba su da. Ainihin tunani game da dalilin da yasa kake shan Tylenol ko wasu maganin analgesics da magunguna. Irin wa] annan magunguna suna nufin taimako na wucin gadi. Idan jin zafi ya kara dan lokaci, kana buƙatar neman likita. Don Allah a tuna cewa Tylenol ba zai warkar da yanayin da ke faruwa ba kamar migraines ko ƙananan rauni.
> Sources:
> Hung OL, Nelson LS. Babi na 184. Acetaminophen. A: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD, T. eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Tintinalli: Jagoran Nazarin Nazari, 7th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
> Olson KR. Babi na 4. Acetaminophen. A: Olson KR. eds. Cigaba da Drug Overdose, 6th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.