Down syndrome ne mafi yawan al'amuran ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin mutane, amma ka san cewa kusan kowane nau'i na nau'i nau'in nau'i na chromosomes na iya haifar da siffar trisomic? Yayinda duk wani chromosome zai iya faruwa a cikin nau'in kwayar halitta, ƙananan tisomies suna dace da rayuwa.
Chromosomes da ƙetare
An san alamun da ake ciki na Chromosomal shine ƙaddara mafi yawan abin da ya faru na ɓarna.
An yi imanin cewa fiye da rabin duk kuskuren na iya haifar da haɗari maras kyau na chromosomal. A gaskiya ma, game da kashi 60 cikin dari na wadannan sune saboda cututtuka kuma an samu karin kashi 20 cikin dari na rasa jima'i na chromosome. Wani matsalar matsalar chromosomal na kowa wanda ya haifar da zubar da ciki shine triploidy. A cikin triploidy, tayin yana karbi karin jigon chromosomes. Yayin da Ciwo Down shine mafi yawan abin da aka gani a cikin jarirai, shi ma yana da mummunan haɗari na ɓata.
Trisomy 18 (Edwards ciwo)
Trisomy 18 yana faruwa a kusan 1 a cikin haihuwa 6,000. Yin kusan sau goma fiye da Down syndrome. Yawancin lokuta masu tayar da hankali 18 suna haifar da karin adadi 18. Sauran kashi 5 cikin dari ne saboda wani fasalin da ya shafi chromosome 18.
Abin baƙin ciki, yara da ke da rauni 18 suna da mummunan lahani na jiki. Yawancin jariran da ke da ƙwayar cuta 18 za su sami irin ciwon zuciya, kuma mutane da yawa na iya samun lahani na koda, da kuma huhu da ƙananan halayen diaphragm.
Saboda mummunan cututtuka na jiki, yawancin jarirai da ƙwayar cuta 18 zasu mutu a farkon kwanakin rayuwa. Wadannan jarirai da suka tsira suna da mummunan lalacewa. Yawancin ba su tsira ba bayan farkon watanni na rayuwa, amma wasu yara sun tsira har sai sunro.
Trisomy 13 (Patau ciwo)
Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) ita ce ta uku da ta fi dacewa ta haɓaka a tsakanin jarirai, bin Down syndrome (trisomy 21) da kuma Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18).
Yawancin lokuta sukan haifar da jigilar jiki 13 tare da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayar cuta 13 ana haifar da mosaicism da kuma fassarar .
Yara da ƙwararruwa 13 suna iya yin laushi da ƙumshi, yatsun yatsunsu da yatsun kafa, da kuma gyaran gabobin ciki, da mummunar cututtukan zuciya, da kuma mummunan kwakwalwa. Saboda tsananin mummunan kwayar cutar, yawancin yara da aka haife su tare da tarin jiki 13, mutu a farkon watanni.
47, XXY Ciwo (Klinefelter ciwo)
Klinefelter ciwo, 47, XXY, ko XXY ciwon zuciya, shi ne yanayin da ya haifar da karin X chromosome. Abokan da aka haifa suna da ƙananan chromosomes biyu X da guda daya na Y. Mutane da yawa basu san cewa suna da ciwo na Klinefelter a matsayin bambance-bambance saboda samun karin X chromosome basu da tabbas kuma sau da yawa ba a warware su ba.
Babban mawuyacin da aka gani a cikin cutar ta Klinefelter ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ne da rage yawan haihuwa. Abubuwa daban-daban na jiki da halayyar hali suna da yawa; Duk da haka, tsananin waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka na iya bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum.
47, XYY Males
Wasu yara sun haifa tare da wani yatsucin Y kuma suna da 47, XYY karyotype. Mafi sau da yawa, wannan yarinwar Y Y yasa bambancewar jiki ko matsalolin kiwon lafiya.
Maza da 47, XYY ciwo na iya zama mafi tsawo fiye da matsakaici kuma zai iya samun haɗarin ƙwarewar ilmantarwa tare da jinkirta magana da basira. Sakamakon raya cigaba da kuma matsalolin halayen yana iya yiwuwa, amma waɗannan halaye sun bambanta a tsakanin yara maza da maza. Mafi yawan maza da 47, XYY ciwo na da ci gaban al'ada kuma suna iya haifar da yara.
47, XXX (Triplo-X, Trisomy X, da XXX Syndrome)
Wasu 'yan mata an haife su tare da ciwo na X sau uku. Maganin sau uku na X ba shi da wani halayen jiki ko matsalolin kiwon lafiya. Ƙananan ƙimar mata na da yanayin zai iya samun rashin daidaituwa a cikin hanzari da ƙwarewar ilmantarwa, magana da jinkiri, da kuma basirar harshe.
Duk da haka, mutane da yawa da ke fama da ciwon sukari na 47, XXX suna ci gaba da ci gaba da ta jiki da kuma tunanin mutum.
Trisomies More Zai yiwu don haifar da zubar da ciki
Trisomy 15. Trisomy 15 abu ne mai wuya. Yawancin ciki da ƙwayar cuta 15 a farkon ɓarna. A cikin hawan da suka ci gaba, tayin yana da nau'i na halayen fuskar su da kuma kullun, hannayensu da ƙafa, da kuma jinkirin girma. An danganta Trisomy 15 tare da ciwo na Prader-Willi .
Trisomy 16. Trisomy 16 shine mafi yawan ƙarancin mutum wanda aka gani a cikin ɓarna da kuma asusun ajiyar akalla kashi 15 cikin dari na ɓangarorin farko na farko. Yawancin tayi da ƙwararraki 16 sun ɓace a cikin makonni 12 ko da yake ƙananan ƙananan kashi na iya rasa a cikin na biyu. Wasu 'yan tayi tare da mosaic trisomy 16 sun tsira har zuwa haihuwa. Yawancin wadannan jarirai suna da ciwo mai girma, matsala ta psychomotor, kuma sun mutu tun da wuri.
Trisomy 22. Cikakken ƙwayar jiki 22 shi ne karo na biyu na ɓangaren chromosomal na rashin rashin lafiya. Rayuwa fiye da farkon shekaru uku na ciki yana da wuya. Cikakken ƙwayar cuta 22 yana da wuya. Yawancin tayi da cike da ƙwayar cuta 22 mutu kafin ko jim kadan bayan haihuwar saboda mummunan lahani na haihuwa.
> Sources:
> Hay, William W., Deterding, Robin R., Levin, Myron J., Sondheimer, Judith M., Kimiyyar Harkokin Ilimin Harkokin Yara da Kullum, Aikin McGraw-Hill, Inc. Fitowa Na 18. 2007.
> Nelson-Anderson, D., Waters, C., Haɗin Gizon Jagora Don Rubutun Ɗauku da Tarihin Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a > Ɗabiyoyi > Ɗab'in, 1995.