Abin da Wannan Gwargwadon Gwaji Zai iya faɗa maka game da lafiyarka
Karyotype shine, a zahiri, hoto na chromosomes wanda ke cikin sel guda. Chromosomes sune siffofi mai launi a cikin tsakiya na kwayoyin da aka sanya daga sunadaran da kwayoyin guda daya na acid deoxyribonucleic (DNA). DNA yana ƙunshe da umarnin musamman wanda ke sanya kowace irin halitta mai rai ta musamman, bisa ga Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Jinsin Dan Adam.
Dikita zai umurci karyotype sau da yawa domin ya gano idan yanayin ya haifar da wani nau'i na matsala. Wannan gwaji ne marar zafi, wanda ya shafi kadan fiye da allurar allura don samo samfurin nama, amma zai iya fada da yawa game da lafiyar mutum. Ga yadda ake duba yadda ake yin karyotyping da abin da zai iya bayyana.
Yadda ake yin Karyotypes
Karyotype za a iya halitta daga nau'o'in nama. Yawancin lokaci, samfurin jini shine duk abin da ake buƙata, amma idan akwai damuwa cewa tayin tayi yana da nakasa maras kyau, wanda zai iya buƙatar ruwa. Wannan ya shafi shigar da wani allura a cikin ciki mai ciki ciki-hanyar da ta dace da rashin lafiya.
Bayan an samo samfurin, za'a gwada shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar kwararrun likita wanda ake kira cytogeneticist wanda zai raba kwayoyin, ya bunkasa su har ya isa yayi nazari, sannan kuma ya saki chromosomes daga sel.
A wannan batu, za a zubar da samfurin chromosomes, bincikar, kididdiga, sannan kuma aka tsara su.
Hakanan mai daukar hoto zai duba tsarin tsarin chromosome domin tabbatar da cewa babu wani abin da ya ɓace ko ya kara daɗaɗɗen kwayoyin halitta. Da zarar wannan tsari ya cika, an rubuta binciken kuma sakamakon binciken ya wuce tare da likita wanda ya umurci karyotype, yawanci cikin kwana uku zuwa bakwai.
Yana daukan dan lokaci kaɗan don ƙirƙirar karyotype na samfurin prenatal, duk da haka-a ko'ina daga kwanaki 10 zuwa 14.
Hoton Lafiya
Abu na farko da wani karyotype ya nuna shi ne adadin chromosomes mutum yana da: A cikin samfurin al'ada, akwai nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in 46 na chromosomes. Karyotype kuma ya tabbatar da jinsi na halitta: X-chromosomes biyu sun nuna mata; wani X da Y yuwuwar mutum yana nuna namiji.
Bayan bayanan wannan bayani, mai cytogeneticist zai iya amfani da karyotype don tantance duk wani ciwo ko yanayin da ke haifarwa ta hanyar samun karin ko ɓataccen chromosomes. Alal misali, Down syndrome ya sami sakamako idan akwai cikakkiyar kwafin ƙwayar chromosome 21, in ji National Society Down Syndrome Society. Saboda haka, Down syndrome wani lokaci ana kiransa trisomy 21.
Sauran yanayi waɗanda za a iya bincikar su ta hanyar amfani da karyotyping sun hada da:
- Edward ciwo (trisomy 18)
- Ciwon Patau (trisomy 13)
- Hanyar Turner (daya X)
- Klinefelter ciwo (XXY)
- XYY ciwo
- Magani uku na X (XXX)
Karyotype kuma zai iya bayyana ɓangarori a cikin chromosomes wadanda ke da mahimmancin yanayi irin su Cri-du-Chat syndrome (chromosome 5) ko Williams syndrome (chromosome 7), da kuma juyawa wanda aka gano wani ɓangare na chromosome a ko canzawa tare da wani ɓangare na daban-daban na chromosome.
Daga kashi 2 zuwa kashi 3 cikin ƙananan cututtukan Down syndrome suna haifar da sassauci a kan chromosome 21, misali.
Da yiwuwar cewa karyotype zai bayyana mummunan matsalar kwayar cutar a cikin ku ko kuma yaron da ba a haifa ba zai iya yin tunanin cewa yana da tsoro, amma ku tuna cewa ƙarin ilimin da kuke da ita game da lafiyar lafiyar ku, za ku iya magance shi .
> Sources:
> Ƙarin Madauki. "Karyotyping."
> Ƙungiyar Ciwon Lafiya ta kasa. "Mene Ne Cutar Cutar?"
> Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Jinsin Dan Adam. "Chromosomes." Yuni 16, 2015.