Binciken abubuwan gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwaje
Ana gane yawan ganewar cutar Down a cikin daya daga hanyoyi guda biyu-ko dai ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwar ko a yayin da aka haifa (a kai tsaye). Duk da yake tsarin bincike zai iya zama damuwa, samun ilimi na ainihi game da irin gwaje-gwaje da za ku iya tsammanin kuma yadda za ku fassara su zai iya taimaka muku sosai da abokiyarku.
Binciken Down Syndrome a Haihuwa
Ko da tare da gwagwarmayar jariri, da jarirai masu yawa da Down syndrome suna bincikar su ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwa.
Yawancin lokaci wannan shine saboda sanannun likita cewa jaririn yana da fatar ido ko al'amuran jiki wanda aka gani a Down syndrome.
Alal misali, jarirai da ƙananan ciwon Down yana iya samun ƙanƙara fiye da sauran jarirai, ƙananan idanu masu tartsatsi, da hanci mai laushi, da ƙananan baki tare da harshe mai laushi. Kuma suna iya samun bambance-bambance a hannunsu da ƙafafunsu. Suna iya samun rukunin guda ɗaya a fadin dabino (wanda aka sani da lakabi guda daya), ƙananan hannayensu tare da ƙananan yatsunsu, da kuma ɗan ƙaramin sarari a tsakanin manyan yatsunsu.
Yawancin ƙananan yara tare da Down syndrome kuma suna da ƙananan sautin muscle ko hypotonia. Lokaci-lokaci, an haifi jarirai tare da Down syndrome tare da wasu ƙananan cututtuka na haihuwa kamar lalacewar zuciya da lahani na gastrointestinal.
Idan likitanka ya lura da cewa yaronka yana da wasu daga cikin waɗannan siffofin, zai iya zama abin damuwa cewa jaririnka yana da Down syndrome. Likitan likitanku zai umarci bincike na chromosome (wanda ake kira a matsayin karyotype ) don tabbatar da ganewar asali.
Nazarin ilimin ganyayyaki shine jarrabawar jini wanda yake kallon chromosomes a jariri a ƙarƙashin microscope. Yawancin mutane suna da 46 kwakwalwa duka. Mutanen da ke ciwo da ƙananan ciwon ƙwayar cuta suna da karin karin lamba 21 na kwakwalwa don kimanin 47 chromosomes.
Binciken Down Syndrome Binciken
Duk da yake an gano cutar ciwo Down a jimawa bayan haihuwar haihuwa, kuma an ƙara samun samuwa a lokacin daukar ciki (a ɗaukar ciki) saboda sakamakon haɓakaccen samfurin (sonogram), mummunar sakamako akan gwaji na jini (jarrabawar gwajin gwaji), ko amniocentesis ko samfur sampling (CVS) gwaji.
Chorionic villi sampling ko CVS ne gwajin da aka yi a kan ƙwayar tsakanin 10 da 12 makonni na ciki.
Dukkanan jarrabawa da gwajin gwajin mata suna nuna gwaje-gwaje. Ya bambanta, amniocentesis da CVS ana daukar gwajin gwajin. Kwajin gwaje-gwaje ba zai taba ba ku ganewar asali ba-yana dai gaya muku idan kuna da haɗari mafi girma don samun jariri tare da Down syndrome. A gefe guda, gwajin gwaji na baka cikakkiyar ganewar asali.
Hanyoyin Bayar da Bayani a Down Syndrome
Wani samfurin dan tayi, wanda kuma ya sani a matsayin sonogram, shine gwajin da aka yi lokacin daukar ciki wanda yayi amfani da raƙuman sauti don samar da hoton ko hoton tayin. Lokaci-lokaci, amma ba koyaushe ba, ƙananan jarirai da Down syndrome sun nuna alamun da ba a gane ba a kan duban dan tayi wanda zai iya sanya likitanku zaton cewa tayin yana da Down syndrome.
Wasu daga cikin wadannan alamun da aka haifa sun haɗu da ƙananan ƙimar mace (kashi a cikin kafa), ƙãra cikin fata a bayan wuyansa (wanda ake kira karɓar hali), ko kuma cire hanci. Waɗannan su ne abin da ake kira "alamu mai laushi" saboda babu wani daga cikin waɗannan binciken na duban dan tayi zai haifar da tayin ta hanyar kansu. Duk da haka, zasu iya yin likita da cewa tayin yana da Down syndrome. Wasu karin alamun alamun da za a iya gani a kan duban dan tayi sun hada da ciwon zuciya da na kwakwalwa.
Duk da haka, Down syndrome ba za a iya bincikarsa ba bisa ga binciken duban dan tayi kawai. Wadannan binciken kawai suna nuna cewa akwai haɗari mafi girma cewa tayin zai iya samun Down syndrome. Bisa ga wannan haɗarin hadarin, likitanku zai bada shawara cewa kayi la'akari da amniocentesis ko CVS don tabbatar da ganewar asali. Kuna da ku don yanke shawara ko ko wannan gwaji ko a'a.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa yawancin tayi tare da Down syndrome ba su nuna matsala ba a kan duban dan tayi. Sau da yawa mutane suna da tabbas ta hanyar duban dan tayi saboda sunyi imanin cewa babu matsaloli tare da jaririn. Abin takaici, wannan ba gaskiya bane.
Samun kyakkyawar duban dan tayi yana da kyau kuma yana da ƙarfafawa, amma ba tabbacin cewa duk abu cikakke ne.
Gwajin gwaje-gwaje na tsofaffin ƙwayoyin cutar a cikin Ciwon Bincike Down Syndrome
An gwada gwajin jini (an yi a kan inna) da ake kira "almadodden allon" tsakanin 15th da 20th mako na ciki. Girman allon yana kallon abubuwa hudu a cikin jini:
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
- Unconjugated estriol
- Kayan dan adam na gonadotropin (hCG)
- Inji A
Ana samar da AFP a cikin jakar jakar kwai da kuma hanta fetal, tayi ne daga tayin da kuma furotin, an samar da hCG a cikin ƙwayar placenta, kuma aikin A an samo ta daga cikin mahaifa da ovaries. Lokacin da tayi yana da Down syndrome, matakan wadannan abubuwa a cikin jini na jini na iya bambanta da na al'ada.
Girman allon shine-kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna-kawai gwajin gwaje-gwaje. Ba zai iya tabbatar da idan jaririnka yana da Down syndrome, amma zai iya gaya muku idan hadarinku ya fi girma. Idan jarrabawar gwajinka ta kasance tabbatacciya, yana nufin ƙananan hadarin samun ciwon jariri tare da Down syndrome ya fi yadda sauran mata shekarunku suke. Amma har ma tare da gwajin gwaje-gwaje masu kyau, mafi yawa mata za su sami jarirai ba tare da Down syndrome. Hakanan, maɓallin ɓangaren haɓaka mai ma'ana yana nuna cewa damar Down syndrome yana da ƙananan amma ba kome ba. Ba ya tabbatar da jariri ba tare da ciwon Down ba.
Kwalejin gwaji da aka haɗu tare da shekarun mata zai iya gano kimanin kashi 75 cikin ciki na ciki da ke ciki da ƙwayar cuta 21 a cikin mata masu shekaru 35 da kuma fiye da kashi 80 na haifa a cikin mata masu shekaru 35 da haihuwa.
A karshen shekarun 1990, an fara gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje na farko na Downs Syndrome (da sauran halayen chromosomal). Wadannan gwaje-gwaje sun hada da auna girman yanayin dangi tare da duban dan tayi da gwaje-gwajen jini guda biyu: gonadotropin chorionic na mutum da kuma furotin plasma hade A (PAPPA). Sakamakon wadannan gwaje-gwaje an hade tare da shekarun mata don sanin ƙaddarar hadari ga abubuwan rashin haɗari na chromosomal, ciki har da trisomy 21.
Amniocentesis a binciko Down Syndrome
Idan gwaje-gwajen jini ko samfurin dan tayi ya nuna haɗari, ko kuma idan kun kai shekaru 35, za'a ba ku amniocentesis. Amniocentesis jarrabawa ne da aka yi tsakanin 15 da 20 makonni na ciki. Ya haɗa da yin amfani da allurar bakin ciki da aka saka ta cikin ciki (ba ta hanyar button button), don samun wasu daga cikin ruwan amniotic kewaye da tayin. Wannan ruwan mahaifa ya ƙunshi wasu nau'in fata na tayin. Ana iya amfani da wadannan fata fata don samun karyotype na tayi - hoto na chromosomes tayi. Idan an gano tayin da za a samu karin ƙwayar 21, to, an gane ganewar asalin Down syndrome.
CVS a cikin Ciwon Bincike Down Syndrome
Chorionic villi sampling ko CVS ne hanya da aka yi a game da 11 zuwa 13 makonni na ciki. A wannan hanya, an sanya wani allurar bakin ciki ko catheter a cikin ƙwayar don samun wasu sel. Rahoton ya samo asali daga sassan guda daya wadanda suka hadu da tayin, don haka ta hanyar kallon kwayoyin daga cikin mahaifa, kana kallon kwayoyin tayin. Wadannan sassan suna aika zuwa lab don bincike na chromosome. Idan karyotype ya nuna cewa tayin yana da karin karin kwayoyi 21, to, tayin zata sami Down syndrome.
Amniocentesis da CVS su ne gwaje-gwaje na zaɓi a lokacin daukar ciki - yana da maka don yanke shawarar ko amfanin da ke sani game da chromosomes na tayi ba su wuce hadarin hanyar. Dukansu hanyoyi guda biyu suna da ƙananan haɗarin ɓarna. Rashin haɗari ya ragu da kashi 1 cikin dari na amniocentesis kuma kimanin kashi 1 zuwa 2 cikin CVS. Wasu mata sun fi son CVS zuwa amniocentesis domin suna son samun bayanai a baya a cikin ciki, kuma wasu sun fi son amniocentesis saboda ƙananan haɗarin ɓarna. Sai kawai za ku iya yanke shawarar abin da yafi kyau a gare ku.
> Sources:
> Ƙungiyar Harkokin Ciki ta Amirka. (2016). Gwaje-gwaje-gwaje Quad.
> Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da Ci Gaban Dan Adam (NICHD). Down Syndrome: Bayanin Yanayi.
> Simpson JL. Hanyoyin hanzari don ganewar asiri: duk wani gaba ya bar? Best Pract Res Clin Clinic Gynaecol . 2012 Oktoba; 26 (5): 625-38.
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> AJ, mai suna Carlough MC. Sabuntawa game da Kulawa da Kwarewa. Am Fam Likita . 2014 Feb 1; 89 (3): 199-208.