Ta yaya Imunizations ke aiki a cikin Jiyya na Cutar Sickle Cell

Binciken Lafiya da Ciwon Sikila

Kwayoyin rigakafi ba tabbas ba abin da kake tunanin lokacin da kake tunani game da likita. Wataƙila yana da wani abu da kuke hulɗa tare da jariran yara waɗanda suke samari da kuma hadarin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta. Akwai yanayi na likita da dama inda rigakafin rigakafin lokaci ne mai kulawa. Mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sikila suna fuskantar haɗari na kamuwa da cuta da rigakafi su ne muhimmin ɓangare na kula da sikila mai cikakke.

Me yasa mutane suke fama da cututtukan sikila a hadarin cututtuka?

Mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sikila sun fara samun lalacewar jiki a farkon shekara ta rayuwa. Daya daga cikin gabobin farko da aka shafi shi ne yarinyar. Jirgin ya zama karamin kwaya a gefen hagu na ciki a ƙarƙashin ribbage. Jirgin ya zubar da jini kuma ya kawar da tsofaffin jini.

Hakan ya zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na tsarinmu na rigakafi. Yana hidima muhimmiyar mahimmanci a tsarin mu na rigakafi: tsaftace kwayoyin cuta (musamman kwayoyin da ake kira kwayoyin halitta) tare da samar da kwayoyin lymphocytes, jini mai tsabta wanda zai taimaka wajen maganin cututtuka ko kuma amsa ga rigakafi.

Kwayoyin jini mai yaduwa zasu shiga cikin wasu ƙananan yankuna a cikin rami. Lokacin da kwayoyin jinin jini suka kamu da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, suna lalata sutura. Wannan lalacewar yakan faru akai-akai kuma a cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sikila mai tsanani, aikin ɓoye ya ɓace a gaban shekaru biyar.

Wannan hasara na aiki mai zurfi yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta.

Abin da Bacteria Ya Kamata Mutum da Cutar Sickle Cell Zai Damu?

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae : Wannan kwayoyin cuta ce ta haifar da ciwon huhu a cikin yara da manya. Bugu da ƙari, zai iya haifar da meningitis (kamuwa da cuta daga kwakwalwar kwakwalwa), kwayar cutar (kwayar cuta ta kwayar cutar ta jini) ko sepsis (ƙwayar jini wanda ke haifar da babban ƙashin zuciya).

1. Neisseria meningitidis : Wannan kwayoyin cutar ita ce lamarin da ke haifar da kwayar cutar mace a cikin yara da matasa. Yana kuma iya haifar da kwayar cuta ko sepsis.
2. Haemophilus influenzae type b : Kafin maganin alurar riga kafi, wannan kwayoyin amfani da ita ya zama babban abin da ke haifar da meningitis a cikin yara. Bai kamata a rikita batun tare da cutar cutar ba.
3. Rigaka : Rashin ciwo shine cutar da ke haifar da cututtuka na numfashi. Mutanen da ke ɗauke da ciwon sikila wadanda ke ci gaba da kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar mura suna iya shiga cikin asibiti. Bugu da ƙari, kamuwa da cutar mura zai iya haifar da matsaloli na huhu kamar ƙananan ciwon kirji.

Rigakafin rigakafi ga wani da ciwon sikila

1. Muraran rigakafin pneumococcal. Wadannan maganin rigakafi sun kare kan cutar cutar ta Streptococcus. An ba da jigon farko ga dukan jariri (2, 4, 6, da 12-15 watanni). An kira shi Prevnar 13 ko PCV13. Yaran da ke ɗauke da ciwon sikila ya kamata su karbi Pneumovax (ko PPSV23) a shekara biyu tare da kashi na biyu bayan shekaru biyar.
2. Magungunan rigakafi mazaingococcal. Dukkan yara suna rigakafi da cutar Neisseria amma yara da ciwon sikila suna karɓar maganin rigakafi a baya. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don samun rigakafi: a matsayin ɓangare na maganin alurar riga kafi na yara (hudu allurai a 2, 4, 6, da 12 -15 watanni), ko bayan watanni 7 (biyu asurai). Wannan maganin ana kiran shi Menveo ko Menactra (MCV4). Wannan rigakafi yana buƙatar ɗaukan hoto a cikin rayuwar. A shekara ta 2016, an riga an kara rigakafin rigakafin rigakafi ta hanyar Bangaren mancikacoccus B a cikin shawarwarin kuma za a iya ba da shi a matsayin jerin nau'i biyu ko uku a farkon shekaru 10.

1. Haemophilus influenzae type b. Samun rigakafi don Haemophilus na daga cikin rigakafi na yau da kullum a farkon shekara ta rayuwa (hudu allurai). Wannan rigakafi ana kiransa Hib kuma za'a iya ba da shi tare da sauran rigakafi.
2. Ruwa. An riga an bada rigakafin rigakafi tare da muradin shekara don mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sikila. Za a iya maganin alurar rigakafi kowace shekara yana farawa a watanni 6. A karo na farko wanda ke da shekaru 8 yana samun maganin cutar mura, ana buƙatar guda biyu (akalla makonni baya). Bayan haka, ana buƙatar guda ɗaya kawai a kowace shekara. An canza alurar a kowace shekara don haka dole ne a ba shi kowace shekara. Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa kakar don mura ya fara daga Oktoba zuwa Maris. Idan ka karɓi maganin cutar ka a watan Janairu, zaka bukaci wani bayan Oktoba don rufe sabon mura.

Wadannan cututtuka sun ji tsoro, amma sa'a, wadannan maganin rigakafi sun rage yawan haɗari. Bugu da ƙari, an bai wa yara masu ciwon sikila daga haihuwa har zuwa shekara 5 don hana cututtuka na kwayan cuta. Idan kana da tambayoyi ko damuwa game da wadannan rigakafi, don Allah tattauna su tare da likitanka.

> Sources:

> Shirye-shiryen rigakafin CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/child-adolescent.html

> JJ, Vichinsky EP da DeBaun MR. Bayani na gudanarwa da kuma tantancewar cutar sikila. A: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, WA. (Samun shiga a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 2016)