Maganin rigakafi na HIV ya sauya karuwa a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Ba zamu yi la'akari da kwaroron roba ba ko abstinence manyan siffofin kare HIV. A yau ana samun hanyoyin da za a iya ci gaba da fadada hanyoyin da za su iya aiki tare don rage haɗarin cutar HIV a kusa da matakan da ba za a iya ba.
Babban daga cikin wadannan shi ne zuwan samfurori na farko (PrEP) , kwayar cutar ta yau da kullum wanda zai iya rage yawan cutar HIV ta hanyar kashi 92 cikin dari.
Idan aka yi amfani dashi tare da abokin tarayya na kwayar cutar kanjamau a kan maganin rigakafi , haɗarin zai iya saukewa har ya zuwa kashi 99 cikin 100 bisa wasu ƙididdiga.
Duk da haka, duk da tabbatar da ingancinta, akwai matsaloli masu yawa a aiwatar da PrEP. Bugu da ƙari, aikin aikin shan magani na yau da kullum, ba mu tabbatar da irin yadda ake buƙatar ci gaba don cimma cikakken amfaninta ba. Wasu nazarin sun nuna cewa maza da yara da yara bisexual zasu buƙaci kawai zuwa kashi biyu zuwa uku a kowace mako, yayin da mata suna buƙatar kusa da cikakken daidaituwa don cimma irin wannan sakamakon.
Yin amfani da kayan aiki, sabili da haka, wanda zai iya samar da kariya ta cikakken lokaci yana dauke da fifiko mafi muhimmanci tsakanin masana kimiyya da jami'an kiwon lafiya.
A watan Janairu 2017, asusun Bill da Melinda Gates ya kafa binciken da aka yi ta hanyar bayar da dolar Amirka miliyan 50 zuwa Intarcia Therapeutics, wani kamfani na biopharmaceutics na Boston, don inganta na'urar da za a iya dasawa a karkashin fata don ba da tallafin cutar HIV a kowane lokaci.
Kyautar ta yadda ya kamata a sanya hanyoyi masu rarrafe a kan ci gaba da sauri, tare da sauran hanyoyin kwantar da hankali a halin yanzu ana binciko su duka don rigakafi da maganin cutar HIV.
Ta yaya Subdermal Implant Zai Yi aiki?
Shirin Intarcia ba shine farkon irin wannan na'ura don amfani da fasahar subdermal don samar da kwari na magunguna masu guba.
An riga an yi amfani da implants , kamar girman mai wasa, tun daga 1983 don hana ciwon ciki a cikin mata, tare da sababbin na'urorin da zasu iya adana har zuwa shekaru uku na kariya ta gaba.
Anyi bincike irin wadannan samfurori marasa amfani don amfani da cututtukan sukari na 2, ciwon daji, tarin fuka, har ma da cututtukan fuka.
A cikin kwayar cutar HIV, daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fara amfani da su a karkashin jagorancin Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Oak Crest ta Pasadena. Binciken dabba na farko ya nuna cewa na'urar su, lokacin da aka sanya su a ƙarƙashin fata na gaba, sun iya samar da wani ci gaba na gomaofovir alafenamide (TAF) har zuwa kwanaki 40 ba tare da wani sakamako mai tasiri ba.
Binciken bincike yana gudana don fadada a kan waɗannan sakamakon, tare da manufar ƙirƙirar na'urar da zai iya samar da ruwa mai tsafta don har zuwa watanni 12.
Yayinda yake da alaka da wannan hanya, na'urar Intarcia (mai suna ITCA 650) ta samar da tsarin "mini-famfo" na musamman wanda ya fi dacewa da tsaftacewa har zuwa watanni shida. Ruwa daga ruwa mai zurfi ya shiga cikin ƙarshen na'urar ta hanyar kwakwalwa mai laushi, wanda sai ya fadada kuma ya kwashe piston osmotic. An lura da ITCA 650 don zama babban ci gaba a kan na'urorin da suka wuce kuma ya riga ya sami sakamako mai ban sha'awa a cikin gwajin cututtukan mutum.
Idan an samu sakamako irin wannan a cikin kwayar cutar HIV, ana iya amincewa da na'urar a cikin 'yan shekaru kadan. Yayin da Intarcia bai rigaya ya yanke shawara game da miyagun ƙwayoyi masu amfani da kwayar cutar ba, mafi yawan sun gaskata cewa Truvada (wanda ya rigaya yayi la'akari da daidaitattun na PrEP) zai zama dan takarar da aka ba shi cewa alamunta ya kare a shekara ta 2018.
Me yasa Subdermal Implant yana da mahimmanci
Yayinda yawancin mutane da ke yin jagoranci na PEP suna iya kula da matsayinsu na haɗuwa, amfani da shi tsakanin ƙananan haɗari zai iya bambanta. Bisa ga binciken da aka gabatar a taron Confucius na Duniya na 21 a Durban, mutanen da suka fi kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV suna da wuya waɗanda suka dauki shirin PrEP.
Wannan ya hada da jama'ar Amirka, wanda ke wakiltar kashi 44 cikin 100 na sabon shekara-shekara na cututtuka amma kawai kashi goma na dokokin PREP.
Duk da yake farashin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan rashin bambanci, lalata da kuma bayyanawa suna taimakawa, musamman a tsakanin mazauna mata da maza na Afrika da ke da kashi 50 cikin dari na samun ciwon HIV . Ga wasu daga cikin wadannan mutane, duk wani nau'i na cutar HIV (ko da magungunan rigakafi) yana da cikakkiyar furci game da tsarin jima'i.
Idan aka ba da waɗannan abubuwan, shin wani kayan aiki mai ganuwa marar ganuwa ya shawo kan wadannan tsoro?
Tambayar da jami'an kiwon lafiyar duniya suke da ita, wadanda suka yi ƙoƙarin tsayar da cutar kanjamau a cikin ƙananan mutane, musamman ma mata da 'yan mata. Duk da haka, yawancin dabarun da aka ba da shawara, yayin da suke a kan takarda, sun yi nasara ko rashin lafiya sosai. Tsakanin su:
- Ƙararruwan VOICE da FEM-PrEP, binciken biyu na PrEP wanda ya kasa hana rigakafi a cikin wani ɓangare na matan Afrika, saboda yafi dacewa da biyan maganin magunguna.
- Gwajiyar da ake fuskanta da kuma gwagwarmaya, wadda ta ba da suturar ƙwayar ciki ta musamman don fiye da 'yan Afirka 5,000. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, na'urorin sun samu ragowar rageccen rashin lafiyar kwayar cutar HIV (kashi 27 da kashi 37 cikin 100). Bugu da ƙari, waɗanda suke mafi yawan hadarin (shekarun 18 zuwa 24) ba su da wata amintacce.
Yana da kan wannan duniyar da subidmal implants nuna mafi girma alkawari. Ba kawai idan za a iya samar da su a farashi mai zurfi fiye da maganin maganin ba, sun ba da damar mata da sauransu su kare kansu da ganewar kadan. Kuma ba kamar ƙananan jigilar jiki da wasu kayayyakin microbicidal , ba za a iya amfani da su ba ko kuma a cire su da sauri. (Ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ƙasƙanci zai iya zama gaskiyar cewa tsarin implant zai buƙaci a yi a ƙarƙashin ƙyama.)
Duk da yake yana da shekaru masu yawa kafin a yarda da irin wannan na'urar don maganin ko rigakafin cutar HIV, bincike na farko ya kasance da alamar rahama. A karshen wannan, Gates Foundation ta yi alkawarin kara ƙarin dala miliyan 90 a matakan da suka dace domin tabbatar da cewa alkawarin kwayar cutar HIV ta haifar da gaskiya.
> Sources:
> Bancroft, a. "Intarcia ta samu lambar kyautar dala miliyan 140 don samar da kwayar cutar ta HIV ba tare da bugun ƙwayar ba." In -Pharma Technologist. An buga Janairu 4, 2017.
> Montanya, J. "Handbook of Procedin-Based Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes." Yuni 8, 2016; Jirgin Farawa; shafi na 77-92.
> Du Toit, L ;; Pillay, V. da kuma Danckwerts, M. "Tarin ƙwayar cutar shan-fuka: maganin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi na yanzu" . Res. Satumba 2006; 7 (1): 118.
> Gunawardana, M .; Remedios-Chan, M .; Miller, C .; et al. "Magungunan Pharmacokinetics na Tenofovir Alafenamide mai tsawo (GS-7340) Subdermal Implants for HIV Prophylaxis." Antimicrobial Agents da Chemotherapy. Afrilu 15, 2015; 4 (2): 186-190.