Matsanancin yanayi da ƙananan labaran da ake yi don tsabtace hadari
A Melbourne, Ostiraliya, a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 2016, akwai babban hadari. Hasken iska, ruwan sama, da ƙananan pollen sun sa mutane fiye da 8,500 a asibiti tare da ciwon hauka mai tsanani. Mutane tara sun mutu.
Yawancin mutanen nan wadanda suka fuskanci hare-haren da aka kai a kai ba su da tarihin fuka da kuma ciwon ƙwayar hay. Abin da ya faru daidai?
An Bayyana Karin Bayani
Asthma yana shafar kusan mutane miliyan 300 a duniya. Yawan mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari suna karuwa, yanayin da aka danganta da yaduwar tarin yawa. Rashin karuwa a duniya a yawan mutanen da ke fama da ciwon asma da kuma haɗin da suka shafi haɗarin cutar sun haifar da ƙarin bincike da nazarin hanyoyin da magani.
Bisa ga CDC, game da daya daga cikin jama'ar Amirka 12 (mutane miliyan 25) suna da asma. A 2008, kimanin kashi 50 cikin 100 na jama'ar Amirka da ciwon sukari suna fama da hare-hare-hauka-wanda za'a iya hanawa daga cikinsu. Bugu da ƙari, a shekara ta 2007, ciwon fuka ya ƙare Amurkawa dala biliyan 56 a farashin kiwon lafiya, hasara da aka rasa, da kuma lokutan makaranta.
Mutane masu fama da ciwon sukari da suka fi yawa tare da bayyanar cututtuka a lokacin yarinya. Game da sau biyu maza da yawa suna da ciwon fuka. Amma ta hanyar girma, ƙwayar fuka tana da yawa a tsakanin maza da mata.
Kwayoyin cututtuka na fuka sun hada da tayar da hankali, numfashi, coughing, da kirji.
Asthma shine ciwo mai rikitarwa wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar haka:
- Tsakanin iska ya rufe shi
- wani nau'i na musamman na ƙumburi na hanyoyi
- bronchospasm, ko spasm na tsoka tsoka a cikin ganuwar kananan rassan jirgin sama, wadda take kaiwa zuwa matsakaicin lokaci.
Babban haɗarin haɗari don ci gaba da asma ne mai zurfi .
Atopy wani yanayi ne na kwayar halitta don bunkasa cututtuka na rashin lafiyar ciki har da ba kawai fuka ba amma har da rashin lafiyar rhinitis da kuma dermatitis. Daga bayanin kula, rashin lafiyar rhinitis kuma an san shi azaman ciwon zazzabi da ƙananan dermatitis shine eczema . Mutanen da ke da kwarewa a cikin kwarewa sun kara karɓan amsar abubuwan da ake samu a cikin yanayin, irin su pollen, mold, da wasu abinci.
Wasu mawuyacin hali na iya haifar da kumburi na iska da kuma haɗarin fuka. Wadannan alamu sun haɗa da wadannan:
- allergens (misali, pollen)
- maganin cututtukan hoto (misali, rhinovirus)
- motsa jiki
- iska mai sanyi
- dariya
- canje-canje yanayi
- magunguna (misali, β-blockers)
- faɗakarwar sana'a
- GERD
- abinci
Kwararren likita zai iya gane asalin fuka bisa ga tarihin likita, binciken binciken jiki, da kuma rubutun ra'ayi. Spirometry ita ce jarrabawar gwaji da aka yi a ofis, wanda yayi la'akari da yawan iska da kuke motsawa, yawan iska da kuke motsawa, da kuma lokacin da yake ɗaukar ku.
An ba da ƙwayar buƙata ta hanyar likita mai kulawa. Jiyya don ƙwayar fuka an tsara su ga bukatun mutum kuma ya dogara da dalilai da dama, ciki har da haddasawa, gabatarwa, tarihin, da kuma amsa ga farfadowa.
Ga manufofin maganin fuka:
- hana ko rage girman hare-hare na asma
- sarrafa bayyanar cututtuka
- kawar da ziyara zuwa dakin gaggawa
- kula da al'amuran al'ada na rayuwar yau da kullum
- rage yawan damuwa na dare (nakasa maras amfani)
- kula da matakan motsa jiki
- kula da lafiya mai kyau
- rage girman tasirin maganin magani
Yawancin mutanen da suka sami ciwon sukari suna amfani da magunguna ta hanyar inhaler. Corticosteroids wadanda aka yi amfani da su ba su da kyau don kare lafiyar fuka. Hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na yin amfani da β2-agonists mai tsawo suna iya taimakawa. Hakanan za a iya amfani da β2-agonists mai takaici kamar yadda albuterol za a iya amfani dashi don saurin gaggawa.
Bayan gwaji, maganin corticosteroids, maganin albuterol nebulizer, da sauransu za a iya amfani dasu don magance tarin fuka.
Mahimmancin magani sun dogara ne akan tsanani. Rikicin barazanar rayuwa ya haifar da asibiti a kan ICU.
Girgizanci kamar ƙwaƙwalwar Asthma
Ko da yake ambaliya ta Melbourne a watan Nuwambar 2016 ta kasance mummunar rikodin, hadarin da ya haddasa ambaliyar ruwa a cikin birane da yawa a duniya baki daya ciki har da Naples da London. Bayanan lura, domin Australia yana cikin yankin Kudancin Kudu da kuma yankin Australia, wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin watan Satumba da Nuwamba.
A lokutan da akwai mai yawa pollen a cikin iska, kamar spring, da canjin thunderstorms iya daukar wannan pollen a matakin kasa. A Amurka, ƙayyadadden yanayin rashin lafiyar yanayi ya bambanta da yankin, amma zai iya farawa cikin watan Fabrairu kuma ya ƙara zuwa farkon lokacin rani. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin zafi mai sanyi zai iya haifar da tsire-tsire zuwa wuri-wuri, da kuma ruwan sama mai yawa zai iya haifar da tsire-tsire mai girma da kuma karuwa a cikin mota.
Yawancin lokaci, pollen ba zai kai ga ƙananan hanyoyi na huhu ba. Duk da haka a lokacin yanayin tsawa na tsawa, pollen yayi watsi da ruwa da rushewa ta hanyar da ake kira osmosis. Wadannan raguwa na pollen sun zama masu tasowa kuma sun mamaye ƙananan matuka. A cikin mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiyar pollen, hakan zai iya haifar da kai hare-haren fuka da kuma mutuwa a wani lokaci.
Na farko da minti 20 ko 30 na ambaliyar ruwan sama shine mafi haɗari ga waɗanda ke dauke da ciwon hauka na pollen kuma zasu iya haifar da hare-haren fuka ko da ma wadanda ba su taba kasancewa ba kuma suna da hay zazzaɓi. Bugu da ƙari, ruwan sama da iska na thunderstorms, wasu dalilai irin su walƙiya (cajin lantarki da iska) da kuma sanyi suna iya taka rawar rawa a cikin hadarin da ake ciki da asibiti. Musamman, cajin na lantarki zai iya magance rushewar gashin pollen.
Wasu masanan sun damu da cewa mayarar iska za ta iya zama matsalar lafiyar jama'a ga wadanda ke da ciwon hay kuma suna tare da ko ba tare da asma ba. Hannun pollen suna karuwa, kuma sauyin yanayi yana yin tsawa da sauran abubuwan da ake ambaliyar ruwan sama.
Bayan yin karin bincike, masana za su iya inganta tsarin gargadi na farko don faɗakar da wadanda ke fama da rashin lafiya game da yiwuwar annobar annobar ƙwayar asiri. Jami'o'in Jami'ar Georgia sun binciko wannan zaɓi.
A cikin wata kasida mai taken "Harkokin Hari na Tashin Ƙari na Tashin Ƙasa", D'Amato da co-marubuta sun rubuta:
Saƙon-gidan gida shine wadanda marasa lafiya da ke fama da rashin lafiyar pollen ya kamata su kasance masu faɗakarwa game da hadari na kasancewa a waje yayin da isiri a cikin kakar pollen. Ya kamata a ba da gargadi a lokacin kakar pollen zuwa marasa lafiya marasa lafiya.
Mafi mahimmanci, yana iya zama kyakkyawar ra'ayi ga waɗanda ke da ciwon hauka na pollen su zauna a cikin gida kuma su rufe windows a yayin da isiri da ke faruwa a lokacin kakar pollen.
> Sources:
> Asthma. Ayyukan Kasuwanci na Iyali. http://www.fpnotebook.com
> Ƙaddamarwa da Tsira. Ayyukan Kasuwanci na Iyali. http://www.fpnotebook.com.
> Barnes PJ. Asthma. A: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Ka'idodin Magunguna na Harrison, 19th New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> D'Amato, G, et al. Rikicin Harshen Asthma da Maɗaukaki. Jaridar Allergy da Clinical Immunology. 2017.
> Usmani OS, Barnes PJ. Asthma: Gabatarwa da Gudanarwa. A cikin: Grippi MA, Elias JA, Fishman JA, Kotloff RM, Pack AI, Babban RM, Siegel MD. eds. Cututtuka da cututtuka na ƙwararrun Kasuwanci, Fitare na Uku New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015.