Wani sabon fasahar da ake amfani dasu don gano cutar Down
FISH yana da tsayayyar hanyoyi masu yawa a wuri . Gwajin FISH, ko bincike na FISH kamar yadda ake magana da shi a wasu lokuta, wani sabon fasahar cytogenetic ne wanda ke ba da damar cytogeneticist don tantance yawancin kwafin ƙwayoyin chromosome ba tare da yin tafiya ta duk matakan da ke cikin samar da karyotype ba . Alal misali, bincike na FISH zai iya nuna muku yawan adadin mutane 21 da ake kira chromosomes, amma ba zai iya gaya muku wani abu ba game da tsarin waɗannan chromosomes.
Yadda Yake aiki
Ana gwada gwajin FISH a kan waɗannan samfurori a matsayin karyotype - jini, amniocytes ko samfurin chorionic villi. An gwada gwajin FISH ta yin amfani da bincike mai zurfi wanda ya danganta zuwa wasu ƙananan chromosomes. Wadannan binciken sunadaran sunadaran DNA ne akan wasu chromosomes kuma ana sa alama tare da dye mai kyama. Kwayoyin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin bincike na FISH ba dole ba ne su kasance girma ko al'ada (wanda zai iya ɗaukar kwanaki 7 zuwa 10), saboda haka sakamakon bincike na FISH yana samuwa da sauri fiye da sakamakon karyotype.
Yawancin lokaci, an samo samfurin kuma an aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma an kwantar da chromosomes a kan zane-zane. Ana bincike da bincike a kan zane kuma an yarda su daidaita (ko kuma samun wasan su) kimanin sa'o'i 12. Saboda bincike ne daga DNA, za su daura ga "DNA" daidai da ƙananan ka'idodin su. Alal misali, binciken da aka yi ta DNA da aka kwatanta da chromosome 21 zai ɗaura zuwa kowane lamba 21 wanda yake samuwa.
Bayan samfur (ko mai danra), zane-zane yana nazari ne a karkashin wani ƙananan microscope wanda zai iya ganin hotuna masu haske. Ta hanyar ƙidaya adadin siginar hawan motsi, wani cytogeneticist zai iya ƙayyade yawancin ƙananan kwakwalwa. Alal misali, mutum ba tare da ciwon Down zai sami sigina biyu masu hawan gwaninta daidai da su guda 21 na chromosomes .
Mutumin da ke da ƙwayar cuta 21 zai sami sigina uku da ya dace da su guda uku na chromosomes. Yawancin lokaci, masu amfani da kwayoyin halitta zasu yi amfani da bincike don bincike na 13, 18, 21, X da Y. Wadannan sune chromosomes wanda zasu iya haifar da burbushi ga mutane.
Binciken Down Syndrome
Kodayake bai duba tsarin ainihin chromosomes ba, bincike na FISH zai iya gaya muku yawan adadin kwararrun chromosome. A ciwon Down, cytogeneticist yayi amfani da bincike don yawan lambobi 21. Idan akwai alamomi guda uku da aka gani a ƙarƙashin microscope, to, an gano asirin Down syndrome.
Yaya Yada Kwalejin Kaya Kasa Kasa Daga Karyotype?
Ra'ayoyin FISH kawai ya gaya maka cewa wasu chromosomes sun kasance kuma da yawa daga cikin su. Alal misali, bincike na FISH na yau da kullum zai gaya maka yadda yawancin 13, 18, 21, X da Y sun kasance a cikin samfurin ruwa. Binciken FISH ba zai ba ka bayani game da kowane chromosome ba kuma zai ba ka bayani game da ainihin tsarin chromosomes.
Abũbuwan amfãni
Babban amfani da bincike na FISH shi ne cewa zai iya bada bayanai game da wasu chromosomes da sauri. Alal misali, a cikin kwanaki uku zuwa hudu, zai iya gaya wa ɗayan adadin ƙwayar da ake kira 21 chromosome wanda wani mutum zai iya.
Sabanin haka, karyotype na gargajiya na iya daukar har zuwa makonni biyu.
Abubuwa mara kyau
Babban hasara na bincike na FISH da aka kwatanta da karyotyping shi ne cewa nazarin FISH yana baka bayanai game da dukkanin chromosomes ana nazarin. Alal misali, jarrabawar gwagwarmaya ta FISHA za ta gaya muku yawan adadin lambobi 13, 18, 21, X da Y sun kasance (watau akwai biyu ko uku) amma ba zai ba ku wani bayani ba game da kowane ɗayan chromosomes ko duk wani bayani game da ainihin tsarin chromosomes.
Abin da za ku tambayi likitanku
- Shin dakin gwaje-gwajen da kake amfani da shi yana yin gwaji na FISH?
- Shin inshora na kudin kudaden kudin gwaji?
- Yaya abin dogara ga gwajin FISH ga Down syndrome?
- Yaya tsawon lokacin da za a yi don samun sakamako na FISH (daga amnio ko CVS)?
- Shin lab yana yin cikakken karyotype?
- Yaya tsawon lokacin da za a samu don samun sakamakon karyotype?
Layin Ƙasa
Binciken FISH yana da amfani wajen samar da bayanai masu iyaka, amma iyakance, game da chromosomes ta tayi. Yana da matukar kyau a amsa tambayar - "Shin jaririn na da kullun 21?" Amma yana bayar da taƙaitaccen bayani game da wasu nau'o'in ƙwayoyin chromosome na tsarin irin su tafiyarwa da kuma sharewa.
Sources
Kwalejin Amurka na Obstetricians da Gynecologists (ACOG). Nunawa don Abal Chromosomal Abnormalities. Adireshin ACOG ya yi amfani da shi, lambar 77, Janairu 2007.
Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Jinsin Dan Adam. Fluorescence A Cikin Gudanar da Ƙungiya (FISHI), 2008.