Fiye da mutane biliyan biyu, kashi uku na yawan mutanen duniya , suna fama da tarin fuka (TB). A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, akwai mutane miliyan 10.4 da kuma mutuwar mutane miliyan 1.7 daga cutar a 2016 kadai. {Asar Amirka ta lissafi 9,272 daga cikin sababbin maganin.
Duk da yake kamuwa da kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta shine ma'anar TB, akwai wasu dalilai masu yawa waɗanda zasu iya sa ku cutar da cutar.
Sanin abin da waɗannan dalilai zasu iya taimaka maka kayi aiki kuma ka rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta.
Kwayoyin cuta
Tashin fuka yana haifar da kwayoyin cuta a cikin mahaifiyar Mycobacterium.
- Mycobacterium africanum
- Mycobacteria bovis
- Mycobacterium tarin fuka
Mista africanum , kamar yadda sunan yana nufin, ya fi kowa a Afirka, yayin da Murar tuberculosis ke da alhakin tarin fuka a sauran sassa na duniya. Wadannan kwayoyin biyu suna haifar da mummunar cutar TB a cikin mutane. M. Bovis yana da mahimmanci a cikin cewa yana da tasiri sosai akan shanu. Shan shan kayan kiwo marasa ƙanshi ko wasu sharuɗɗa don kamuwa da cutar dabbobi don karamin yawan ƙwayoyin cutar tarin fuka.
Mycobacteria da kuma ciwon ciki a cikin kwayoyin halittarmu da ake kira macrophages. Macrophages sukan kashe kwayoyin microbes da pathogens, amma M. tuberculosis yana da matakan waxy wanda ya kare shi daga hadarin enzymes mai guba da amfani da macrophages don kai farmaki. TB zai iya haifuwa a cikin macrophage.
Ta yaya TB Bacteria ta yada?
Don fahimtar irin yadda kwayoyin suke haifar da kamuwa da cuta, kana bukatar fahimtar bambancin tsakanin latent da kuma kamuwa da TB .
Wani wanda ke da kamuwa da gogewa yana ɗauke da kwayoyin tarin fuka a jiki amma ba shi da cututtukan cuta. Ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka kamar zazzabi, bala'i, tari, da asarar nauyi , ba su da cutar.
Maimakon haka, kwayoyin suna kwance cikin jiki. Yawancin kashi 5 zuwa 10 na mutanen da ke da TB na latsa zasu ci gaba da TB aiki a rayuwarsu. Wannan ya fi faruwa a cikin shekaru biyu na kamuwa da cuta.
Mutanen da ke da TB mai aiki, a gefe guda, suna da alamun bayyanar kamar waɗanda aka bayyana a sama. Suna da ciwo sosai kuma suna iya yada cutar. Yayin da suka kara, sunyi, sunyi, ko magana, kwayoyin tarin kwayar cutar sun sake fitowa cikin ruwa. Duk wanda ya shiga cikin wadannan ƙwayoyi zai iya inganta cutar TB a cikin huhu.
A {asar Amirka, watsa labarun TB yafi kowa a cikin bazara tare da farashin mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin fall.
Magunguna
Akwai yanayin kiwon lafiya wanda zai iya ƙara yawan haɗarin tarin fuka.
Immunosuppression
Tsarin tsarin da ba shi da ƙarfi ya sa ya fi ƙarfin jikinka don ya yi fama da kamuwa da cuta kuma ya fi dacewa cewa tarin TB ya zama mai aiki. Har ila yau yana sa ya fi kamuwa da TB da fari. Za a iya kasancewa ta hanyar rigakafi bisa ga ɗaya daga cikin wadannan:
- Shekaru: Hanyoyin rigakafi na yara da tsofaffi suna da rauni.
- Chemotherapy: Wadannan jiyya suna yaki da ciwon daji amma kuma suna raunana tsarin rigakafi.
- Corticosteroids: Duk wanda ya dauki magungunan steroid na dogon lokaci, daidai da 15 mg prednisolone na wata daya ko tsawon, yana da raunin tsarin rigakafi.
- Kwayar cutar HIV / AIDs: Rashin haɓaka TB yana kimanin akalla sau 16 ga mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV. Yayinda cututtukan HIV ke ciwo ko ci gaba ga AIDS, haɗarin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ya kara ƙaruwa.
- Tsarin bishiyoyi: Don hana jiki daga yin watsi da kwayar da aka sassaukar (zuciya, koda, ko hanta), mutane sukan dauki magungunan immunosuppressant na rayuwa.
- Magungunan ƙwayoyin ƙananan tumor ne (TNF): Wadannan magunguna ne ake amfani dasu don magance yanayin kiwon lafiya kamar cutar Crohn, psotic arthritis, da rheumatoid arthritis.
Yanayin Harkokin Kasuwanci
Yanayin da zai biyo baya zai iya kara yawan haɗari ga kamuwa da TB:
- Celiac cutar
- Hanyar hepatitis
- Hanyar cututtukan cututtuka na yau da kullum (COPD)
- Cirrhosis
- Ciwon sukari
- Gastric kewaye tiyata
- Ciwon daji da kuma wuyansa
- Koda cututtuka
- Silicosis
Ta yaya waɗannan yanayi ke ƙara yawan hadarin TB ba a san su ba, amma yana iya zama saboda sakamakon su akan tsarin da ba a rigakafi da kuma yadda lafiyar jikinka ke shayar da abubuwan gina jiki. Idan kana da ɗayan waɗannan yanayi, yi matakai don rage yiwuwar TB.
Ƙananan Fage
Akwai wasu ƙwayoyin cututtuka na likitanci na TB wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin kulawar ku. Abin takaici, talauci, rashin gida , da kuma rage samun damar kiwon lafiya zai iya sarrafa wasu daga cikin waɗannan dalilai da ke kalubale.
Abinci da Gina Jiki
Rashin abinci mai gina jiki yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a tashar TB. Gurasa mai gina jiki mai tsanani ba kawai yana raunana tsarin tsarin ba amma yana haifar da asarar nauyi. Mutanen da suke da nauyin nauyin nau'in (rubutun jiki na <18.5) sau biyu suna iya kamuwa da su fiye da mutane da BMI mafi girma.
Lokacin da yazo da wasu kayan abinci mai mahimmanci, duba ga baƙin ƙarfe da Vitamin D. Matakan ƙarfe a cikin jini zai iya inganta ci gaban mycobacteria, sa mutane su fi dacewa zuwa TB. Vitamin D shine akasin haka, ƙuntata ci gaban mycobacteria. Ta wannan hanyar, rashincin bitamin D yana da haɗari ga ƙwayar tarin fuka.
Duk lokacin da ya yiwu, yana da muhimmanci a ci abinci mai gina jiki da kuma kula da lafiyar lafiya. Harkokin zamantakewa ba koyaushe yana yin hakan ba.
Yanayi
Mutanen da aka haife su a yankunan da ke fama da TB sun kasance a fili a kara yawan haɗari don bayyanar da kwayoyin. Kasashe masu zuwa, daga mafi yawancin lokuta, suna da asali ga kashi 64 cikin 100 na duk masu cutar tarin fuka:
- Indiya
- Indonesia
- China
- Philippines
- Pakistan
- Nijeriya
- Afirka ta Kudu
Mai yiwuwa baza ku iya sarrafa inda aka haife ku ba amma za ku iya sarrafa inda kuka je. A kalla, yi la'akari lokacin tafiyar da waɗannan wurare.
Yanayin Rayuwa
TB zai iya yadawa da sauri lokacin da mutane ke kusa. Hanyoyin da aka yi a cikin al'umma ko ma a cikin karuwar iyali sun kara yawan haɗari. Wannan shi ne ainihin gaskiya idan akwai rashin lafiya a cikin gida.
Abokan mafaka marasa gida, musamman ma, za a iya cika su kuma ba a koyaushe suna kiyaye su ba. Idan kun sami sa'a don hayan gida ko saya gida, la'akari da lafiyar tsarin ku na rayuwa.
Abubuwa Abubuwa
Cutar da ake ci a cikin abu yana cikin mutane da ke fama da TB. Shan taba taba yana cigaba da haɗari kamar sau biyu. Yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi, ko allurar rigakafi ko inuwa, da kuma shan giya 40 (nau'in ruwan inabi guda uku, gurasar gas guda 12, ko 4 ounce na giya mai maimaita irin su vodka ko whiskey) ko fiye da barasa a kowace rana kuma ya kara yawan ƙwayoyin TB watsa.
Yana da kyau mafi kyau don kauce wa shan taba da ƙwayoyin haram. Idan ka sha barasa, kawai yin hakan.
> Sources:
> Rahoton Gizon Tarin Duniya 2017. Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya. http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/. Updated Disamba 1, 2017.
> Horsburgh CR. Tashin cututtuka na tarin fuka. A: UpToDate, Lerner SP (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.
> Oeltmann JE, Kammerer JS, Pevzner ES, Moonan PK. Tarin fuka da cin zarafi a Amurka, 1997-2006. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Janairu 26; 169 (2): 189-97. Doi: 10.1001 / archinternmed.2008.535.
> Tarin fuka (TB): Bambanci tsakanin Tsarin TB da TB. Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/general/ltbiandactivetb.htm. Updated Nuwamba 21, 2014.
> Tarin fuka da cutar HIV. Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya.http: //www.who.int/hiv/topics/tb/en/. Updated Fabrairu 2018.