Irin gwajin gwaje-gwaje da kuma abin da zasu iya fada maka
Akwai gwaje-gwajen daban-daban guda biyu da suka kasance don gano ƙwayoyin cutar tarin fuka (TB) - gwajin fata na Mantoux da kuma gwajin gwagwarmaya na gamma, irin gwajin jini. Idan jarrabawar fata ta kasance tabbatacciya, yana nufin cewa kamuwa da kwayar TB ne amma ba dole ba ne ka kasance da nau'in cutar da cutar; ana kiran wannan latent TB.
Kwararku zai biyan ƙarin gwajin, ciki har da wani nau'in X-ray da al'adu masu tsutsa don gano ko kuna da TB mai aiki.
Mai bada sabis na kiwon lafiya zai ba da shawara ga gwajin TB wanda ya fi kyau a gare ku bisa dalilin dalili, gwada samuwa, da kuma farashi. Kullum, ba'a bada shawara don samun jarrabawar fata da gwajin jini.
Bugu da ƙari, likitanku zai yi nazari na jiki kuma ya ci gaba da tarihin lafiyarku. Wasu cututtuka, irin su HIV da ciwon sukari, na iya sanya ku a mafi haɗari ga TB.
Binciken Fata
Gwajin fata na Mantoux yana amfani da ƙwayar gina jiki mai tsabta ta tuberculin (PPD), wani bayani wanda ya ƙunshi wasu takaddun kwayoyin TB. Ana amfani da sirinji tare da ƙirar ƙananan ƙwayar cuta tare da bayanin PPD, wanda aka toshe shi a karkashin fata a goshinka.
Hakan na PPD yana haifar da ƙwayoyin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, wanda aka sani da T-cell, don gane ƙaddamar da injected a matsayin mai haɗari na barazana, haifar da fata.
An fassara ma'auni na amsawa domin tantance ko wani ya kasance mummunan ko tabbatacciyar TB.
Ba kamar wani maganin alurar riga kafi wanda aka ba da shi ba a cikin kwayar halitta, tofin PPD yana da tsaka-tsakin da zai bar karamin, kodadde, wuri mai tarin fatar jiki wanda ake kira "wheal" a wurin ginin. Rumbun zai ƙare a cikin sa'o'i da yawa, amma idan ba ya bayyana ba, dole ne a sake gwada gwajin.
Sakamako
Fatar jikin ya kai kimanin 48 zuwa 72 hours bayan PPD an allura. Dole ne ku koma wurin likitan ku a cikin wancan lokaci don kuyi bayanin yadda ya kamata. Tsayawa dogon lokaci ko tsawo ba zai iya haifar da sakamakon da ba daidai ba.
Dandanku zai nemo wani tashe, maƙalar fata na fata da ake kira induration. Girmanta zai ƙayyade idan kun kasance mai kyau ko ƙyama ga Tarin fuka, kuma wane girman ya nuna TB akan ku ya dogara da wasu matsalolin haɗari da kuke da shi.
Alal misali, in ba haka ba mutum mai lafiya ya kamata ya kasance mai zurfi (15 mm) ba, wanda wadanda ba su yarda da shi ba, sun ce saboda cutar HIV, ko kuma waɗanda suka kasance tare da wani da ke da tarin fuka mai tsanani (5 mm). Rashin haɓaka da ya fi haka ya nuna rashin kamuwa da TB.
Kyakkyawan gwaji zai haifar da redness da itching.
Hannun karya da halayen ƙarya sun fi dacewa da gwajin fata fiye da gwajin jini. Sakamakon wadannan sakamakon ne saboda rashin kulawa na rashin jarrabawar fata ko ɓoye sakamakonsa. Hakanan zai iya faruwa idan ba a kwanan nan an nuna ku ba akan TB; wani amsa mai yiwuwa wanda ba zai iya ganowa ba zai cigaba da tsawon makonni takwas zuwa 10 bayan an tuntubar kwayoyin.
Labs da kuma Blood Tests
Jarabawar jini wanda zai iya gane kwayoyin tarin fuka ne wata hanya ce ta gwajin fata-wanda aka fi so domin dalilai da dama. Idan jarrarin ku na da kyau, likitanku na iya tara samfurin sputum kuma ya zama abin ƙyama don sanin idan kuna da TB.
Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs)
An yi amfani da gwaje-gwaje na jini don gane da kasancewar kwayoyin TB da ake kira jigilar gamma (IGRAs) interferon. Tare da waɗannan, ana tattara jini zuwa ƙananan tubes ta amfani da allura, sa'an nan kuma aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don gwaji. Babu buƙatar bin biyan kuɗi kuma an samu sakamako a cikin sa'o'i 24.
Akwai gwaje-gwaje IGRA guda biyu da Hukumar Abincin da Drug ta amince (FDA):
- Testing-Injin Tube QuantiFERON-TB (QFT-GIT)
- T-SPOT.TB gwajin (T-Spot)
Wadannan gwaje-gwaje na jini sukan fi son su saboda sun fi dacewa fiye da gwajin fata. Wato, a wani ɓangare, saboda gaskiyar cewa yana da mahimmanci ga mutane su rasa abin da ake buƙata 48 zuwa 72-hour don dacewa da kimanin sakamako na gwajin fata.
Gwajin jini ya fi dacewa fiye da gwajin fata don mutanen da suka karbi baccille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), maganin maganin cutar tarin fuka wanda aka yi amfani da shi a kasashe da dama da yawan tarin fuka.
Kyakkyawan gwajin TB yana nufin cewa, a wasu lokuta a rayuwarka, an nuna ka kuma ka kamu da TB. A wannan yanayin, wasu gwaje-gwajen sun zama dole don sanin ko kuna da TB na latent, wanda baya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka kuma ba mai yaduwa, ko TB mai aiki.
Sputum Al'adu
Idan fata ko gwajin jini ya tabbata ga kwayoyin TB, likita zai yi gwaje-gwaje, ciki har da al'ada na samfurin sputum (phlegm). Sputum shine ruwan sanyi wanda aka samar a cikin huhu saboda sakamakon rashin lafiya. Za a saka samfurin a cikin jarraba gwajin ko petri tayi don ganin idan kwayoyin suke girma. Tashin fuka na Mycobacterium yana tasowa a hankali, saboda haka zai iya ɗauka zuwa kwanaki 21 don sakamako mai kyau.
Hoto
Tabbatar da gwaji ga kwayoyin cutar tarin fuka zai jawo hanzarin sarrafa rayukan X-ray. Idan kana da TB mai aiki, sakamakon wannan gwajin zai zama mahaukaci, mai yiwuwa nuna wani wuri mai banƙyama.
Lokaci-lokaci, TB ya bayyana a cikin gabobin waje da huhu; A waɗannan lokuta, ana iya amfani da CT, da kuma MRIs.
Bincike daban-daban
Wasu daga cikin bayyanar cututtuka na (TB) - zazzaɓi, zazzabi, asarar ci abinci, asarar nauyi, da suturar dare-su ne alamun da yawa na sauran cututtuka, ciki har da wadanda ke shafar huhu. Wadannan sun haɗa da:
- Kwayar kwayar cutar ciwon ƙwayar cuta (empyema)
- Hanyar hana cutar huhu (COPD)
- Ciwon huhu
- Kwayar cutar ta mutum (HIV)
- Kwayar cuta tare da naman gwari, kamar su a cikin tarihi
- Kamuwa da cuta tare da wani mycobacterium
- Ciwon daji na huhu
Cikakken baturi na gwajin TB, tare da gwaje-gwajen musamman don cututtuka na sama, zasu haifar da ganewar asali.
> Sources:
> Jagorar mai amfani, Mai amfani. Tarin fuka (TB). https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/tuberculosis-and-leprosy/tuberculosis-tb#v785596
> Jami'ar Michigan. Michigan Medicine Health Library. Sauran Bayanai Tare da Dabbobi Masu Mahimmanci akan Tarin Tuka (Tarin fuka).
> Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC). Fact Sheet: BCG Vaccine. Updated Satumba 12, 2016
> Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC). Fact Sheet: Tuberculin Skin Test. Updated Satumba 8, 2016.