Menene dalilan Down Down Syndrome ? Akwai nau'i daban? Shin akwai wani abu da za a yi don rage haɗarin da za ku sami ɗa tare da Down Syndrome? Kuna iya hango hadarin dan hadarin ku akan shekarunku? Waɗannan su ne kawai 'yan tambayoyin iyaye da sauransu.
Mene Ne Cutar Cutar?
Down syndrome tana nufin wasu halaye da ke faruwa a yara da kuma manya da ke da nau'i mai yawan gaske na 21 chromosomes.
A matsayin 'yan adam, muna da kwastomomi 46 ko 23 nau'i na chromosomes. 22 nau'i-nau'i ana ganin autosomes, kuma wasu biyu sune jima'i chromosomes-ko dai XY don yaro da XX ga yarinya.
Down syndrome-trisomy 21-yakan faru yayin da akwai 3 maimakon 2 lambobi 21 na 21 (saboda haka, trisomy 21).
Sanin Genetics
Mafi yawan cututtukan Down syndrome-cikakke ɓarna 21-yana faruwa ne sakamakon sakamakon da ake kira nondisjunction. Lokacin da tantanin halitta ya rabu, ɗaya daga kowane ɓangaren chromosomes yana zuwa kowane ɗaryar yara. Tare da nondisjunction, ƙananan chromosomes biyu ba su rabu da kyau wanda zai haifar da 2 kofe na chromosome zuwa cell ɗaya kuma babu wani kofe zuwa sauran cell. Ciwon da yake karbar 2 kofe na 21st chromosome yana da alhakin Down's Syndrome.
Yawancin lokaci trisomies (3 kofe na chromosomes) basu dace da rayuwa ba. A cikin tsofaffi, ƙwayar cuta 21 yakan haifar da Down syndrome.
Haka kuma akwai wasu nau'i-nau'i. Abubuwan da ke da ƙwayar cuta 18 , Edwards ciwo, na iya zama wani lokaci a rayuwar yara. Klinefelter ta ciwo (47 XXY) yana faruwa a cikin yara 1 cikin 500.
Iri
Domin fahimtar jinsunan Down syndrome yana da muhimmanci a farko da ayyana iri daban-daban.
Cikakken Trisomy 21 - Cikakken ƙwayar cuta 21 yana faruwa kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, ta hanyar tsarin da ake kira nondisjunction.
Sashin ciwon ciwon ƙwayar cuta ko ƙaddamarwar ƙwayar cuta 21 -Da hanyar saukowa Down ciwo yakan fara kafin ganewar iyaye na yaro da irin wannan ciwo na Down.
A cikin fassarar, wani ɓangare na daya daga cikin kwakwalwa ya karya kuma ya zama haɗe da wani chromosome a lokacin daji-tsarin sashi na jiki wanda yake faruwa a cikin samuwar ƙwai da maniyyi. Wannan tsari yana haifar da 3 kofe na chromosome 21, amma ɗayan ɗaya an haɗa shi zuwa wani chromosome, sau da yawa chromosome 14. A wasu kalmomi, jaririn (iyaye wanda yake) ya ƙare tare da 45 chromosomes, amma rayuka da ayyuka kullum saboda duk kwayoyin halitta da aka buƙata a 21st chromosome har yanzu ba. Wadannan iyaye tare da "ƙaddara" canje-canje ba su da wani halayen Down syndrome.
Lokacin da waɗannan iyaye suna da 'ya'ya, duk da haka, jariran sun kammala tare da 3 kofe na chromosome 21, amma ba kamar ƙwararrun kwayoyin halitta ba, ƙananan chromosome an haɗa su zuwa wani chromosome. Ƙara koyo game da ƙaura .
Ciwo na Musa - Ciwon ƙwayar cuta na Mosaic shine ƙwayar Down syndrome mafi ƙarancin kuma yakan faru ne sakamakon sakamakon canji wanda ya faru bayan hadi. A cikin yara da ƙwayar Down syndrome, ba duka kwayoyin suna da 3 kofe na chromosome 21 ba.
Sakamakon da yarinya yake da shi zai dogara ne bisa kashi dari na kwayoyin jikinsu wanda ke da ƙananan chromosome.
Yaya Trisomy 21 Yana faruwa
Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, trisomy 21 zai iya faruwa ta hanyar matakan nondisjunction ko fassarar yayin rarrabawar sel. Babu wanda ya san dalilin da ya sa wadannan "hatsarori" ke gudana a cikin tantanin halitta, kuma a gaskiya, idan aka la'akari da yawan adadin sassan da ke faruwa daga jigilar kwayoyin (sperm da qwai) ga jariri, yana mamaki cewa wannan ba faruwa fiye da akai-akai.
A cikin nondisjunction, kimanin kashi 90 cikin 100 na yara, karin samuwa daga cikin mahaifi (yarinya).
Kusan 4% na lokacin da ya zo daga uban (sperm) da sauran lokacin da ya faru bayan hadi.
Dalili na Hadarin
Abinda aka sani kawai game da cututtukan Down syndrome a wannan lokaci sun hada da:
- Ƙara yawan shekarun mata
- Yara da yaron da yaron da Down syndrome
- Samun tarihin iyali na Down syndrome
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa abubuwa biyu masu haɗari na biyu sune abubuwan haɗari ne kawai don sassaukar jikin mutum 21, sabili da haka halayen haɗari na kasa da kashi 5% na ƙwayar Down syndrome.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa babu wata muhalli (kamar toxins, carcinogens, da dai sauransu) ko kuma halayen halayen da suke hade da ci gaban Down syndrome. Ban da haɓaka tare da shekaru masu juna biyu, yana bayyana ya faru ba da daɗewa ba.
Matar Matar
Rawancin Down syndrome ya kara ƙaruwa tare da shekarun mahaifa, ko da yake yana da muhimmanci a gane cewa kimanin kashi 80 na yara da Down syndrome an haife su ga mata masu shekaru 35 da haihuwa.
Haɗarin Down Ciwo tare da shekaru shine:
- Shekaru 25 - 1 a cikin 1,200
- Shekaru 30 - 1 a 900
- Shekaru 35 - 1 a 350
- Shekaru 40 - 1 cikin 100
- Shekaru 45 - 1 a cikin 30
- Shekaru 49 - 1 a cikin 10
Ƙarin Rashin Ƙari Tare da Haihuwar Nan gaba
Idan iyaye suna da ƙananan yara tare da Down syndrome, wannan hadari na samun ɗan yaro tare da Down syndrome shine 1 a 100. Duk da haka dangane da irin Down syndrome wannan hadarin zai iya zama mafi girma ko žasa.
Lokacin da jaririn ya sauke Down syndrome, nazarin kwayoyin halitta zai iya taimakawa wajen tantance idan mahaifiyar, iyaye, ko kuma ba masu ɗaukar hoto ba saboda haka haɗari a ciki a ciki.
An hade ta ne?
Sai kawai nau'i ɗaya na Down syndrome-translocation Down syndrome-an dauke shi gadon. Tun da irin wannan cututtukan Down syndrome ne kawai kimanin kashi 4 cikin 100 na ƙwayar Down syndrome, sannan, kawai 1/3 rd na waɗannan yara ana zaton sun sami gado, amma kimanin kashi 1% na Down syndrome ne yanzu "haderar."
Ga iyaye na yarinya da Down Down syndrome saboda haɗuwa, za'a iya samun ƙwayar Down syndrome mai girma a cikin ciki na gaba. Wannan shi ne saboda daya daga cikin iyaye biyu na iya kasancewa mai dacewa ta hanyar fassarar. Wani lokaci ma iyaye na yarinya tare da fashewar jiki mai tsada 21 shi ne mai kai tsaye, kuma a cikin irin wannan yanayi babu ƙananan haɗari ga ciwo Down a cikin ciki na gaba. Dangane da shawarwari na kwayoyin halitta, yana da mahimmanci cewa iyaye na yarinya tare da fassarar sun san cewa sauran 'ya'yansu na iya zama masu sassaucin tafiya daidai, kuma kansu zasu iya zama cikin hadarin samun jariri tare da Down syndrome a nan gaba.
Gwajin gwaji
Yawancin magunguna masu tsatstsauran ra'ayi sun bada shawara cewa matan da suka yi juna biyu a shekarun da suka kai shekaru 35 da haihuwa sunyi gwajin gwaji don Down syndrome. Wannan shawara ne mai mahimmanci kuma kawai jagora ne kawai. Ma'aurata zasu iya zaɓar za a gwada su a lokacin ƙuruciyarsu ko kuma su gwada gwaji a lokacin tsufa.
Nazarin Halitta
Dangane da gwaje-gwaje da aka yi la'akari da su, da kuma tarihin iyali da yanayin iyali, wasu ma'aurata sun za i su je ta hanyar shawarwari na kwayoyin. Wannan yana da kyau a wasu hanyoyi
- Zamanin mahaifi kadai ba zai iya hango kusan kashi 80% na haihuwar jariran da Down syndrome, a daya hannun, kuma akwai yiwuwar haɗari na ciki cikin mata fiye da shekaru 35.
- Akwai wasu cututtukan kwayoyin halitta, irin su jima'i da rashin ciwon haɗari wanda za'a iya samuwa a wasu, amma ba wasu ba, gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don Down syndrome.
- Wasu cututtukan kwayoyin halitta suna gudana cikin iyalan da ba mu da gwaji.
Wani muhimmiyar tambaya da za a yi kafin gwaji shi ne dalilin da ya sa za ku so sanin ko yaronku yana da Down syndrome. Za ku yi wani abu daban? Kuna tsammanin zai taimake ku shirya don makomarku? Mai ba da shawara mai ba da shawara zai iya taimaka maka ka tambayi waɗannan tambayoyi kuma ka yi zaɓin da ya fi kyau a gare ka game da gwaji.
Zaɓuka gwaji
Akwai hanyoyi masu gwaji masu yawa don Down syndrome, kowannensu ya yi a wani lokaci dabam na ciki, da kuma samun digiri daban-daban na ƙwarewa, ƙididdigewa, da kuma kuskuren hanyoyi (maganganun kiwon lafiya wanda ke nufin ikon ɗaukar wani abu ba tare da tsorata iyaye ba saboda dalilin .) Wasu daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da aka samo sun haɗa da:
- Gwaran gwaji-alpha-fetoprotein - Koyi game da rigingimu na alpha-fetoprotein, sau uku, quad, ko nunawa penta.
- Duban dan tayi na gwaji - An yi gwajin gwagwarmayar Nuchal a kan makonni 11 da 14.
- Amniocentesis - Amniocentesis for Down syndrome ne yawanci aikata tsakanin 15 da 20 makonni.
- Chorionic villus sampling - Chornionic villus sampling yana yawanci aikata tsakanin makonni 10 da 12.
Layin Ƙasa
Idan kai iyaye ne game da gwaji don Down syndrome, wannan zai iya zama lokacin damuwa sosai. Babu wani abu mafi mahimmanci a gare mu fiye da lafiyarmu da farin ciki na 'ya'yanmu da yara masu zuwa. Idan aka la'akari da wannan, la'akari da tunani daya kafin ka tafi.
Idan kina da ɗa da Down syndrome, zairon ya yi farin ciki? Tabbas, musamman ma wasu matsalolin likitanci masu dangantaka , da ciwon yaro tare da Down syndrome na iya zama da wuya ga iyaye. Ai ba sai an fada ba. Amma zaka iya ganin murmushi? Sau nawa kake ganin yara (da kuma manya) tare da Down syndrome da murmushi? Yawancinku za su ce "sau da yawa." Yanzu zamuyi tunanin wasu yara da manya masu karfin basira wadanda suke aiki sosai. Kuna ganin yawan murmushi?
Wannan magana ba lallai ba ne don ya watsar da tsoro. Wadannan tsoro suna da gaske kuma suna da muhimmanci su fita waje. Duk da haka a matsayin iyayenmu, yawancinmu muna cewa cewa mafi yawan begenmu shi ne cewa 'ya'yanmu za su sami "farin ciki" rai kuma wannan farin ciki ba kullum yana dogara da samun babban IQ ba, ko kuma kama da kowa. A gaskiya ma, yawancin yara da masu tsofaffi tare da Down syndrome sun bayyana suna iya yin murmushi a lokacin da wadanda ba tare da ciwon sikila suka kama su ba, irin su ruminating game da abubuwan da ba za mu iya canzawa baya ko damuwa game da ko jin tsoron makomar ba.
Bugu da ƙari, duk da yanayin kiwon lafiya da aka haɗa da Down syndrome, kusan 80% na yara da aka haifa tare da Down syndrome a yau ana sa ran su isa shekaru 60.
Idan kuna tunani game da nunawa, ko kuma ya koyi cewa za ku iya samun ɗa tare da Down syndrome, ɗauki lokaci don karanta wannan wasiƙa zuwa sabon iyaye tare da jariri tare da Down syndrome.
Sources:
Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙananan yara da Harkokin Dan Adam. Mene ne ke haifar da ciwo na Down? Updated 01/17/14.