Game da Mafi Girma Tsarin Halitta
Down syndrome ne cututtukan kwayoyin cutar da cutar ta haifar da cuta a cikin kwayar cuta 21 wanda ke faruwa saboda raunin tantanin halitta. Cutar ta haifar da matsaloli na ilimi da na ci gaba wanda ya bambanta da tsanani. Hakanan zai iya haifar da manyan matsalolin kiwon lafiya kamar su lahani na zuciya.
Akwai kimanin mutane kimanin 400,000 tare da Down syndrome. A cewar Ƙungiyar Ciwon Ƙungiyar Down Down, 1 a kowace yara 691 da ke Amurka suna haifa da Down syndrome.
Wannan kimanin yara 6,000 ne da aka haifa tare da Down syndrome a kowace shekara. Wadannan abubuwa masu sauri za su ba ka fahimtar Down syndrome, mafi yawan kwayar cutar chromosomal.
Dalilin
Kwayoyin jikin mutum sun ƙunshi nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i 23 na chromosomes. Sakamakon cutar ciwo yayin da chromosome 21 ke samar da karin kayan kwayoyin halitta. Akwai bambancin jinsin daban daban na Down syndrome:
- Trisomy 21 . Wannan shi ne ƙananan ƙwayoyin chromosomal da aka gani a cikin yara. Yana faruwa a lokacin da yaron ya sami nau'i uku na chromosome 21 a cikin jikinsa maimakon biyu. Yana da kashi 95 cikin dari na ƙananan cututtukan Down syndrome. Ƙarin samfurori ya fito ne daga mahaifiyar 88 kashi na lokaci kuma daga mahaifinsa kashi 12 cikin dari na lokaci.
- Masihu Down syndrome . Wannan mummunar cututtuka na Down syndrome na da kashi 2 zuwa 3 cikin dari. Wasu, ba duka ba, kwayoyin suna da karin kwafin chromosome 21.
- Sigar Down Ciwo . Chromosome 21 ya haɗa zuwa wani chromosome, ko dai kafin ko kuma a hankalta. Kimanin kashi 75 cikin 100 na waɗannan canje-canje maras kyau ne na novo , ma'anar cewa suna faruwa da zarar. Kashi 25 cikin dari na ƙaurawa an gaji ne daga iyaye. An san iyaye ne a matsayin "mai kai tsaye," ma'ana sun sake haifar da kwayoyin halitta, ba karin kayan kwayoyin halitta ba. Mai kai tsaye ba ya nuna alamun Down syndrome, amma suna iya ba da shi ga yara.
Duk ciwon Down syndrome guda uku ne kwayoyin halitta, amma kashi 1 cikin dari na ƙwayar Down syndrome ne ke fitowa daga iyaye zuwa yaro ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta.
Dalili na Hadarin
Wasu iyaye suna haifar da haɗarin haɗari da ƙananan yara tare da Down syndrome. Shekaru ɗaya ce. Matsalar samun ciwon yaro tare da Down syndrome ya karu a matsayin mace mai shekaru.
Ga mace mai shekaru 35, hadarin ya kasance 1 a cikin 385. Da shekaru 40, haɗarin ya kasance 1 a cikin 106. Da 45, haɗarin cikin 1 a 30. 80 zuwa 85 bisa dari na yara da Down syndrome an haife su mata ƙarƙashin 35.
Bugu da ƙari, mace wanda ke da ƙuruciya guda ɗaya tare da Down syndrome zai iya samun wani ɗa tare da Down syndrome. Maza da mata suna iya magance matsalar a kan yara ta hanyar hawa idan sun kasance masu sufuri.
Rayuwa na Rayuwa
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yanayin rayuwa ga mutanen da ke fama da Down syndrome sun bunkasa sosai. A shekara ta 1983 rayuwar rai ta kasance 25; Yau yau 60. Kimanin kashi 25 cikin dari na ra'ayi tare da tsauraran matsala 21 ya ƙare a cikin ɓarna ko haihuwa. Kashi 85 cikin 100 na jarirai da ciwon Down ya tsira har zuwa shekara 1.
Sources:
Cibiyar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka (6 Janairu 2006). "Amincewa da Lafiya na Yanki na kasa na 18 Zaɓaɓɓun Yanayin Haihuwar Haihuwa, Amurka, 1999-2001." Rashin ƙuntatawa da mutuwar kowace shekara 54 (51 & 52): 1301-1305.
Huether, CA (1998). Rahotan ƙananan halayen ƙwararrun mahaifi na ƙananan haɗari na Down syndrome a tsakanin haihuwar haihuwa a cikin fata da sauran jinsi daga Ohio da birnin Atlanta, 1970-1989. J Med Genet 35 (6): 482-490.
Mayo Clinic Staff. Down ciwo. (nd). Sake dawowa Maris 26, 2016, daga http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/down-syndrome/basics/definition/con-20020948
Cray-Gunderson, Karen. Abokan da ke ciwo da ƙananan ciwon gida: Gidauniyar Iyaye ta Sabon Iyaye . 1995
Mene Ne Cutar Cutar? (nd). An dawo da shi Maris 26, 2016, daga http://www.ndss.org/Down-Syndrome/What-Is-Down-Syndrome/