Long QT Ciwo (LQTS), cutar gadon da ta shafi tsarin wutar lantarki, yana daya daga cikin yanayin da ke haɗuwa da mutuwar kwatsam a cikin 'yan wasan matasa. Wadanda suke da haɗari da rai da aka gani tare da LQTS suna iya faruwa a lokacin motsa jiki, don haka a cikin mutane da dama da wannan yanayin dole ne a iyakance. Duk da haka, yawancin mutane ba a dakatar da su daga aiki gaba ɗaya.
Sanin abin da ke halatta shine mahimmanci don kasancewa lafiya.
Mene ne Ciwon QT Long?
LQTS wani abu ne mai rikitarwa wanda zai jinkirta jinkirin "sakewa" daga cikin kwayoyin zuciya bayan da aka "kashe su" ta hanyar tsarin wutar lantarki. Wannan jinkirta ya bayyana ta hanyar QT ta tsawon lokaci akan ECG . Rashin ƙwayar wutar lantarki wanda ke hade da LQTS zai iya haifar da arrhythmias na zuciya (wani nau'i na tachycardia ventricular da ake kira torsades de points) wanda zai haifar da syncope (asarar sani) ko mutuwar mutuwa.
A cikin marasa lafiya da yawa tare da LQTS, haɗarin bunkasa waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna karawa a lokacin motsa jiki.
Kullum, tare da LQTS, babu alamun bayyanarwa har sai mutumin da ya kamu da shi yana iya ganin ventricular tachycardia (sake, yawanci yayin wahalar). Lokacin da wannan mummunar cutar ta faru, cututtuka na iya bambanta daga cikin 'yan dan lokaci na tsauraran hanzari har zuwa kwatsam da kuma mutuwa daga kamawar zuciya.
An gane ganewar asali ta hanyar nazarin ECG, wanda ya nuna tsawon lokaci na QT.
Duk da yake LQTS wani cuta ne wanda aka haifa, akwai bambancin da yawa (daidai da wasu nau'in kwayoyin da zasu iya shiga). Yayinda wasu bambance-bambance suna da mummunar haɗari na mutuwar kwatsam, wasu ba su da hatsari.
Sau da yawa, marasa lafiya waɗanda ke cikin haɗari mafi girma za su sami tarihin iyali nagari na mutane waɗanda suka sha wahala ko mutuwar kwatsam, mafi yawan lokuta a lokacin motsa jiki.
Ana kula da LQTS sau da yawa tare da beta blockers , da kuma guje wa kwayoyi wanda zai haifar da karar lokaci na QT. Idan hadarin mutuwa na mutuwa ba za a yi la'akari da shi ba, ana iya buƙatar defibrillator mai sarrafawa .
Mene ne Babban Gudanar da Ayyukan Kasuwanci ga Matasan Matasa Tare da LQTS?
Mutane da LQTS suna da shawarar su ƙayyade ayyukan su zuwa wasanni masu sauƙi idan ɗaya daga cikin wadannan ya shafi su:
- tarihin asarar sanarwa (syncope) ko kuma sake dawowa daga kamacciyar zuciya
- QT lokaci yana da tsawo sosai (wato, wani ma'auni da ake kira "QTc - QTc - yana da tsawo zuwa 470 msec a cikin maza, ko 480 msec a cikin mata)
Duk wanda ke tare da LQTS wanda ba shi da tabbacin irin yadda ya kamata ya taƙaita aiki ya kamata yayi magana da likita.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan motsa jiki irin su bowling ko golf, da kuma motsa jiki masu tsaka-tsaka kamar wasan kwaikwayo biyu, biking da skating, suna halatta a mafi yawan matasa 'yan wasan da ke da LQTS.
Ganin cewa ana ganin bambancin bambance-bambancen LQTS, shawarwari daban-daban na iya zama mafi kyau ga wasu subtypes. Alal misali, mutanen da ke LQTS type 3 sun bayyana suna da mummunar haɗari a lokacin motsa jiki fiye da wadanda suke tare da sauran nau'ikan; mutanen da ke dauke da LQTS irin na 1 suna iya zama haɗari a yayin yin iyo ko ruwa.
Saboda haka, masu sha'awar masu tsada suna son yin la'akari da yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta, don su ba da izinin magance matsalolin da suka dace da su don bambancin su.
A watan Nuwambar 2015, shawarwarin motsa jiki don 'yan wasa masu gasa tare da LQTS an sake sabunta su ta hanyar Cibiyar Zuciya ta Amirka da Cibiyar Kwayar Kimiyya na Amirka. Masana sun bayar da shawarar cewa, idan 'yan wasan matasa da LQTS basu da alamun cututtuka (musamman ma balayen haske ko syncope hade da motsa jiki), zasu iya shiga cikin wasanni masu gasa Idan:
Su, likitocinsu, da iyayensu ko masu kula da su (idan sun kasance 'yan yara) sun fahimci hadarin da ake ciki da' yan wasa na wasa, kuma suna shirye kuma suna iya daukar matakai masu dacewa
- suna kauce wa duk wata kwayoyi da za su tsawanta lokacin QT
- suna samun samfurori na waje na atomatik (AED) a matsayin ɓangare na kayan aikin wasanni na yau da kullum
- jami'an horarwa suna horar da shirye shiryen abin da ya dace idan gaggawa ta fito, ciki har da damar da kuma shirye-shiryen amfani da AED
> Sources:
> AJ. Mutuwar QT da yawa. JAMA 2003; 289: 2041.
> Li H, Fuentes-Garcia J, Towbin JA. Ka'idojin yau da kullum a cikin QT Syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol 2000; 21: 542.
> Zipes, DP, Ackerman, MJ, Estes NA, 3rd, et al. Task Force 7: Arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 1354.
> Maron BJ, Zipes DP, Kovacs RJ, et al. Yiwuwa da rashin daidaituwa da shawarwari ga masu cin gaji tare da nakasassun jijiyoyin jini. Yanayin 2015; DOI: 10.1161 / CIR.0000000000000236.