Penicillin da sauran maganin rigakafi sune wasu daga cikin tsofaffi kuma mafi amfani da maganin rigakafi. Suna aiki da yawa daga cututtukan cututtuka, ba su da tsada, kuma an yarda da su sosai. Abin takaici, jinji na penicillin yana da yawa, tare da kashi 10 cikin dari na yawan mutanen da ke ba da rahoto akan rashin lafiyar wannan magani. Nazarin ya nuna cewa, lokacin da mutane da suka bayar da rahoto suna rashin lafiyar penicillin suna gwadawa don rashin lafiyar, kimanin kashi 90% basu da rashin lafiyar, kuma suna iya daukar maganin lafiya.
Wannan shi ne sau da yawa saboda wannan rashin lafiyar yana da wucin gadi.
Jaraba don rashin lafiyar penicillin yana samuwa, hanya ce mai sauƙi, kuma mafi sau da yawa yakan kai ga mutumin da ya yi tunanin cewa suna fama da rashin lafiya ga penicillin don gano cewa ba lallai ba lallai basu damu da kwayoyin cutar ba, ko kuma basu da kariya. Yawancin masu yawan lafiyar suna da ikon yin gwajin gwaji na penicillin.
Yin guje wa ciwon jini zai iya kaiwa ga sauran matsala
Yawancin mutanen da ke dauke da ciwon sikila na jiki ba su guje wa penicillin da maganin maganin rigakafi, kamar yadda akwai maganin maganin rigakafi masu yawa don ɗaukar kamuwa da cuta. Amma wannan shine kyakkyawar hanyar kulawa? Nazarin da yawa sun nuna cewa idan an lasafta mutum azaman furotin dinin ciwo, ƙwayar cuta mai yawa zai iya samuwa sakamakon sakamakon da aka bayar da sauran maganin rigakafi.
Na farko, farashin daukar nauyin maganin rigakafi na penicillin ya ci gaba sosai. Nazarin ya nuna cewa adadin kayan maganin rigakafi a cikin mutumin da ke da alurar furotin din din yana da kashi 63% mafi girma daga wadanda ba tare da rashin lafiyar penicillin ba.
Na biyu, yin amfani da maganin maganin cututtukan kwayar cutar penicillin, musamman ma a asibiti, ya sanya mutum mai hadari don ci gaban cututtuka ta kwayoyin kwayoyin cuta, irin su cifan kwayar vancomycin-resistant (VRE) . A ƙarshe, yin amfani da maganin rigakafi na penicillin na iya sa mutum ya sami haɗari na haɓaka ƙwaƙwalwar Clostridium wuya colitis , ƙwayar cuta mai kama da ƙwayoyin da ke haifar da amfani da maganin rigakafi mai karfi.
An yi amfani da gwajin gwaji na penicillin a cikin mutanen da ke bayar da rahotanni game da ilimin likitanci na penicillin a yawancin bincike don yanke amfani da maganin maganin rigakafin da yafi tsada fiye da rabi. Sauran binciken sun nuna cewa ta hanyar amfani da gwaji na farji na penicillin, farashin maganin rigakafi don magance cututtuka ya sauko da fiye da 30%.
Penicillin yana da kyau a haddasa maganin rashin lafiya
Penicillin zai iya haifar da halayen rashin tausayi a cikin mutane saboda iyawarsa ta ɗauka ga sunadarai a cikin jini da kuma kwayoyin jikinsu a cikin jiki domin ta daɗa tsarin. Wannan tsari, wanda ake kira haptenization, yana haifar da tsarin rigakafi na jikin da ya fi kyau a gane penicillin a matsayin allergen. Sensitization , ko ci gaban ƙwayoyin cututtuka, to penicillin zai faru, wanda zai iya haifar da halayen rashin lafiyan lokacin da mutum ya fallasa zuwa penicillin a nan gaba.
Mawallafan gwajin gwaji na Penicillin
Gwajin gwaji na Penicillin ya haɗa da amfani da wasu hanyoyin dabarun gwajin fata, ciki har da gwada fata da jarrabawar fata , zuwa penicillin da penicillin metabolites. Yawancin likitoci sun yi gwajin fata da penicillin G (wani nau'i mai nau'i na penicillin wanda yake cikin ruwa), Ad-Pen (benzylpenicilloyl polylysine) - babban magunguna na penicillin bayan jikin ya rushe magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi, da ƙananan ƙwararrun kwayoyin (MDM) ) dauke da wasu "kananan" metabolites.
MDM ba a samuwa a kasuwancin ba a wannan lokaci, kodayake wasu masu haɗari - irin su waɗanda suke aiki a cikin saitunan jami'a - zasuyi "version" gida. Gwajin na Penicillin wanda ya hada da amfani da MDM ya kara da daidaito na gwaji.
Har ila yau, ana iya samun gwaje-gwajen jini na likitanci don gwajin gwaji na penicillin, amma basu kasance daidai ba, kuma ba za a yi amfani dasu ba a maimakon maye gurbin fata na kwakwalwa na penicillin.
Ta yaya ake gwada gwaje-gwaje na jarabawan furotin
Kullum, an yi gwajin fata ne na farko, wanda zai iya gano mutanen da suka fi dacewa da cututtukan penicillin-allergic.
Idan jarrabawar fata ta zama tabbatacce, to mutum yana dauke da rashin lafiyan penicillin, kuma babu ƙarin gwajin da aka yi. Idan jarrabawar prick ba daidai ba ce, to, ana gwada gwajin fata na intradermal tare da kayan. Gwajin fata na intradermal gano mutane da yawa tare da rashin lafiyar penicillin amma yana da haɗari a cikin mutane masu jin tsoro. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa aka fara yin gwajin fata.
Idan gwajin fata zuwa penicillin da sauran matakan metabolites sunyi amfani da magungunan kwayoyi da fasaha na intradermal, to sai damar mutumin da ke rashin lafiyar penicillin ba kasa da kashi 5% ba. Yawancin likitoci sunyi jin dadin maganin penicillin da kuma maganin rigakafin kwayar cutar penicillin zuwa ga mutumin nan, ko da yake wasu likitoci (ciki har da kaina) suna bayar da shawarar bayar da kashi na farko na penicillin karkashin kulawar kiwon lafiya, da kuma kulawa na sa'a daya ko biyu. Har ma na ci gaba da tafiya kuma in yi kalubalantar maganganun kwayoyin penicillin (yawanci mikixicillin) a karkashin kula da lafiya don tabbatar da cewa mutum zai iya jure wa kwayoyin.
Idan wani daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da aka ambata da suka tabbata a bayyane, to lallai mutum yayi la'akari da kansa ko rashin lafiyansa ga penicillin. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a kauce wa penicillin da sauran maganin rigakafi, sai dai idan akwai bukatar musamman na penicillin - kuma amfani da wasu maganin rigakafi ba zai isa ba. Rashin hanzari zuwa penicillin za a iya yi, wani lokaci a asibitin likita, amma yawanci a cikin wani asibiti, don haka mutum zai iya jure wa hanya na penicillin. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimta cewa, cin hanci da rashawa na tsawon kwanaki ne kawai, saboda haka cin hanci da rashawa ba zai kai ga maganin rashin lafiyar jiki ba, amma kawai jinkirin dan magani ne kawai.
Ƙara karin bayani game da abin da ya kamata a guje wa maganin rigakafi tare da alurar na penicillin .
> Sources:
> Saitin Allon Farawa Saka. ALK-Abello. An sami damar shiga yanar gizon ranar 31 ga Janairu, 2016.
> Fox S, Park M. Penicillin Skin Test in Evaluation and Management of Penicillin Allergy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011; 106: 1-7.
> Jirgin JS, Quinn JM, McGrath CM, et al. Tabbatar da Ƙaƙawar Sensitization Bayan Nisan Penicillin Skin Testing. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003; 90: 398-403.