Wani jigon lokaci shine lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin layin yada labaran don bayyana lalacewar kwayoyin da ke da tsayayya ga mafi yawan maganin maganin rigakafi. Wadannan cututtuka na kwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da damuwa yayin da wasu lokuta ba mu da kwayoyi don magance cututtuka da za mu iya magancewa. Muna magana ne game da kai ga zamanin da ake kira Post-Antibiotic. Yin amfani da maganin maganin rigakafi da magunguna yana nufin cewa mun yarda da dama bugs suyi girma zuwa wadannan kwayoyi kuma kwayoyi ba su aiki ba.
Ci gaba da karantawa don gano irin nau'in kwayoyin cututtuka sun ɓullo da juriya kwayoyin kuma yanzu an dauke su Superbugs.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da za mu iya rage damar wadannan kwayoyi masu yaduwa. Alurar rigakafi na iya taimakawa wajen hana waɗannan kwayoyi. Ko da wata hanyar tsohuwar hanyar magance cututtuka - ta amfani da Phages - wanda yayi amfani da bacteriophages ko ƙwayoyin cuta da ke cutar da sarrafa kwayoyin.
Mene ne wasu tsofaffin masu girma?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Staphylococcus aureus (ko wanda ake kira "Staph") yana nuna kanta a hanyoyi da yawa, amma tabbas mafi yawan shahararrun "kwayoyin nama". Kimanin kashi 25% zuwa 30% na yawancin jama'a ana yin mulkin su tare da Sulu a cikin hanci ko a kan fatar jikinsu, amma idan ya samo hanyoyi fiye da suturar fata, zai iya haifar da cututtuka masu yawa, daga cututtukan fata, ciki har da pimples ko boils, zuwa cututtuka masu tsanani waɗanda zasu iya haifar da sakamakon mutuwa, irin su ciwon huhu ko sepsis.
Shekaru da dama, penicillin da methicillin an dauke su jiyya mafi kyau ga cututtuka na Staph. Rigarru na Staph da ke da tsayayya ga methicillin an fara lura a asibitoci da sauran wuraren kiwon lafiya. Duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙungiyar MRSA haɗin gwiwar ta zama mafi rinjaye. Wani labarin da aka yi a JAMA ya kiyasta cewa, a shekara ta 2005, MRSA ya kamu da kusan mutane 9,000 na Amurka, wadanda 1 cikin 5 suka kamu da cutar.
Damag-resistant tuberculosis (MDR - da XDR-TB )
Tarin fuka, wanda aka fi sani da "amfani", shine mummunan lalata cutar da aka samu ta hanyar inhalation a cikin huhu, inda zai iya haifar da cututtuka (ƙwayar cutar tarin fuka), amma zai iya yadawa ga wasu kwayoyin jiki a jiki, wanda ya haifar da gabatarwa daban-daban (meningitis, Rashin ciwo, da sauransu). Kafin binciken da maganin rigakafi, tarin fuka ba shi da kima. Duk da haka, koda da amfani da maganin rigakafi wanda ya fara a cikin karni na 1940, tuberculos-resistant-tuberculosis (MDR-TB) ya haifar kuma shine babbar hanyar mutuwa, musamman ma wadanda ke fama da kwayar cutar HIV. MDR-TB ne ya haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cutar Mycobacterium waɗanda suke da tsayayya ga akalla maganin isoniazid da rifampicin. Rashin raga na MDR-TB, yawancin tarin fuka-fuka -ƙwayar cuta (XDR-TB), ya haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin da suke da tsayayya ga isoniazid da rifampicin, da magunguna na biyu (ko biyo baya). Dukkan MDR- da XDR-TB sune rare a Amurka, amma mutanen da ke dauke da cutar HIV suna da haɗari ga samun kamuwa.
Interococcus mai maganin kwayoyi
Enterococcus faecalis da Enterococcus faecium suna samuwa a cikin jijiyar ciki da kuma mace na mace kuma zai iya haifar da cututtukan urinary, ciwon jini, da kuma meningitis.
Enterococci na iya haifar da cututtuka na mutuwa a cikin mutane da lafiyar lafiya, kamar jarirai da tsofaffi. Yawancin ciwon kwayoyi masu tsari da kwayoyi sun fito a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, ciki har da wadanda ke da alamun maganin penicillin, vancomycin, da linezolid.
Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
Cutar cutar ta Streptococcus wani abu ne da ke haifar da cututtuka na kunnen yara a cikin yara, ciwon zuciya, kamuwa da cuta, da kuma ciwon huhu. Rigunin da ke da alaƙa ga penicillin da sauran maganin maganin maganin azzakari na penicillin sun karu a cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata kuma suna da alhakin yawan yawan mutuwa da rashin lafiya a Amurka.
Sauran
Ana tabbatar da juriya na maganin antibiotic a cikin nau'in kwayoyin daban-daban a cikin mummunan farashin. Akwai kuma CRE , Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae . - wanda ya yadu har ma a asibitoci. Sauran cututtukan kwayoyin dake dauke da kwayoyin jigilar kwayoyin halitta sun hada da, amma ba'a iyakance su ba, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ("trainer" wanda ke haifar da mutun da ba rigakafi), Streptococcus pyogenes (wani nau'in kwayoyin nama na nama da kuma dalilin strep makogwaro, impetigo, da mulu zazzaɓi) da kuma Proteus vulgaris (wani ɓangare na cututtuka masu yawa na urinary). Har ila yau, cututtuka masu guba suna iya yadawa tare da tafiya ko tare da jima'i - kamar yadda Shigella yayi maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi .
Sources:
Ƙungiyar-Sadarwar MRSA Bayani ga Jama'a. CDC. 11 Agusta 2008
Klevens, R. Monina, et al. "Matsarin Methicillin mai ƙarfi Staphylococcus aureus cututtuka a Amurka". JAMA 2007 298: 1763-1771. 30 Yuli 2008.
Fact Sheet. Magungunan ƙwayar cuta mai magunguna (MDR TB). Rashin rarraba Kwayar Tarin fuka. CDC. 11 Agusta 2008
Fact Sheet. Tarin ƙwayar maganin ƙwayar cuta (XDR TB). Rashin rarraba Kwayar Tarin fuka. CDC. 11 Agusta 2008
Hyucke, Mark M, Daniel F. Sahm, da kuma Michael S. Gilmore "Magungunan Matsalar Magungunan Magunguna: Yanayin Matsala da Tsarin Gabatarwa". Kwayoyin cututtuka masu ciwo da sauri Apr-Jun 1998 4: 239-249. 30 Yuli 2008.