Tashi wani abu ne mafi yawan mutane suna hulɗa da tsofaffi dangi, don haka yana iya zama abin mamaki cewa yara suna iya samun su. Cutar da ke faruwa a cikin jarirai da yara, amma da sa'a, gaba ɗaya, hadarin yana da ƙasa (kasa da kashi 1 na yara). Cardiac (zuciya) cuta da ciwon sikila anemia (haemoglobin SS ko sickle beta zero thalassemia) sune sanadin asali na bugun jini a yarinya.
Idan ba tare da dubawa ba daidai, kashi goma sha ɗaya na yara da ke ɗauke da ciwon sikila anemia zasu fuskanci fashewa ta shekaru 20. Kimanin daya daga cikin marasa lafiya hudu za su sami ciwon bugun jini tun yana da shekaru 45. Yin sauraron irin wannan labarin game da yaronka zai iya zama mai ban mamaki, amma tare da nunawa daidai, wannan haɗari zai iya rage muhimmanci.
Me yasa mutane da cututtukan cututtuka na Sickle Cell ke fuskantar haɗari?
Yawancin yara da ke ɗauke da ciwon sikila suna shan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa , yana nufin cewa jini ba zai iya zuwa wani yanki na kwakwalwa ba. Kwayoyin sikila sun lalata murfin manyan sutuna (tasoshin jini ɗauke da oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda) na kwakwalwa, yana sa su zama mafi ƙunci. Wadannan ƙananan jini suna da ƙila za a iya katange su ta hanyar jigilar suturar raunuka. Lokacin da wannan ya auku, an katange jini kuma baza a iya sauke oxygen zuwa wani yanki na kwakwalwa ba, haddasa lalacewa.
Cutar cututtuka
Rashin ciwo a cikin yara da ciwon sikila suna kama da bugun jini a cikin tsofaffi.
Yara na iya fuskanta:
- Dama a gefe ɗaya na jiki
- Facial droop
- Maganar zance
- Kayayyakin gani yana canzawa cikin hangen nesa ko hangen nesa biyu
- Wuyar tafiya ko rage haɓaka
Menene ya kamata in yi idan na tsammanin wani yana shan damuwa?
Kira 911. Tashi, ba tare da dalilin ba, wani gaggawa ne na likita.
Amfani da wuri shine mahimmanci don hana rikice-rikice na dogon lokaci.
Dalili na Hadarin
Rashin haɗarin bugun ƙaddara mai ƙaddarawa shine mafi girma ga yara a karkashin shekara goma. Wannan hadarin yana raguwa har zuwa kusan shekaru 30, to, haɗarin ya sake ƙarawa. Rashin haɗari na jini (annobar cutar da jini) ya fi girma a cikin matasa da matasa.
Rashin ciwon bugun jini ya fi girma a marasa lafiya da cutar hemoglobin SS da sickle beta zero thalassemia. Rashin haɗari ga marasa lafiya tare da hemoglobin SC da sickle beta da magunguna (musamman a cikin yara ƙanana) yana da ƙasa sosai, saboda haka ba a bada shawara a cikin waɗannan marasa lafiya ba sai dai idan akwai wasu damuwa.
Rigakafin
A karshen shekarun 1980 da farkon shekarun 1990, masu bincike sunyi iyakacin cewa za'a iya amfani da tsauraran jini (TCD) don magance marasa lafiya da ke ɗauke da ciwon sikila don gano ƙalubalen faskewar ischemic. TCD ne mai amfani da tarin kwayoyin halitta wanda aka yi amfani da su don auna ƙwayar jini ta hanyar manyan batuttuka na kwakwalwa. Don yin wannan, ana sanya duban dan tayi a kan temples inda kasusuwan ke da ƙananan launuka, da damar na'urar ta auna yawan gudun jini. Bisa ga waɗannan dabi'un, ana iya lakafta TCDs a matsayin al'ada, yanayin, da mawuyacin hali. Kodayake yara masu nauyin TCD suna da ƙananan haɗari na ciwon ciwon bugun jini, waɗanda ke da ƙwayar cutar TCD sun kasance mafi haɗari kuma ya kamata a sanya su a kan shirin kare lafiyar.
Ko da yake TCD ya zama kamar gwaji mai sauƙi, ba sauƙi kamar sauti. Akwai dalilai masu yawa waɗanda zasu iya rinjayar ma'auni a lokacin TCD. Lalacewa da cututtuka na dan lokaci suna ɗaukaka dabi'un TCD. Sabanin haka, yaduwar jini na dan lokaci ƙananan ƙimar TCD. Ainihin, yaro ya kamata ya kasance lafiya a lokacin da aka yi TCD.
Har ila yau, barci yana rinjayar jini zuwa kwakwalwa don haka sedation (bada magunguna don taimakawa mai kwantar da hankali / barci a lokacin aikin) ko barci a lokacin gwaji ba a bada shawara ba. Yaran yara zai iya da wuya a yi aiki tare da kuma kasancewa har yanzu, amma iyaye za su iya taimakawa ta hanyar yin fim ko karanta littattafai a yayin aikin.
Yaya Kyakkyawan TCD a gano Maganin marasa lafiya a Hadarin Cutar?
Tabbatar da ƙwayar cutar ta TCD ta biyo baya ta hanyar farawar magani ya rage yawan hadarin ciwo a cikin yara da ciwon sikila daga kashi 11 zuwa 1 bisa dari. Ba duk yara da ke da mawuyacin TCD ba zasu ci gaba da bugun jini ba tare da magani ba, amma saboda cututtuka na iya haifar da mummunar sakamako mai tsawo, duk marasa lafiya suna bi da wannan.
Ta yaya aka hana tsautsayi idan TCD ba ta da kyau?
Idan yaron da ke ɗauke da sikila anemia yana da TCD marar kyau, an bada shawarar cewa a sake maimaita TCD a cikin ɗaya zuwa makonni biyu. Idan kuma TCD ba ta da hauka, an bada shawarar cewa za a fara a shirin na transfusion na yau da kullum.
Nazarin binciken asibiti na STOP-1 ya nuna cewa farawar tsarin sassauran kwayar cutar yana rage yawan hadarin bugun jini. Tsarin gwanin transfusion na yau da kullum yana kunshe da samun karuwar jini a kowane mako zuwa hudu. Manufar haɗuwar jini shine kawo sauyin hawan hemoglobin S daga fiye da kashi 95 zuwa kasa da kashi 30 cikin dari, don rage hadarin ƙwayoyin sikila da ke hana jinin jini a cikin arteries na kwakwalwa.
Shin Danana Zai Bukata Ya Yi Saurin Sauye-sauye?
Wata kila ba. A cikin jarrabawar kungiyoyi masu yawa da ake kira TWiTCH, wasu magungunan musamman (bisa ga abubuwa irin su haemoglobin S, samfurin kwakwalwa, dabi'un TCD da suka koma al'ada) sun iya canzawa daga hanyar transfusion na yau da kullum zuwa aikin hydroxyurea . Wadannan marasa lafiya an yaye su da hankali daga karuwar jini yayin da aka karu da karfin cutar hydroxyurea.
Marasa lafiya masu fama da jini a cikin kwakwalwa na iya buƙatar ci gaba na transfusion na tsawon lokaci, kamar waɗanda suka kamu da cutar.
Sources:
George A. Yin rigakafi na bugun jini (na farko ko na cigaba) a cututtukan ciwon sikila. A: UpToDate, Post TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA. (An samu damar ranar 11 ga Mayu, 2016).