Me yasa Adireshinku zai iya kasancewa mafi girma daga kwayar cutar HIV

Ƙasar Amurka tare da Ƙananan Ƙananan Ƙananan Cututtuka

Kwayoyin cutar HIV sune halaye ne kawai wanda ke sanya mutum a mafi girma ko žaramar hadarin samun (ko wucewa) HIV . Muna dauka cewa wannan abu ne na hudu:

• Halin mutum
• Harkokin jima'i
• Harkokin jima'i (misali, jima'i mai tarin hankali , jima'i jima'i )
• Sauran halayen da zasu iya ƙara ko rage yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta (misali, robar roba , yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi , maganin rigakafi )

Kwayoyin cututtukan HIV ba su da nufin hango ko idan mutum zai kamu da cutar; maimakon haka suna nufin nuna hasken yanayin mutum game da HIV don ya iya daukar matakai don rage hadarin. Kuma ko da idan wasu dalilai ba su canza-kamar tseren ko jima'i-zasu iya taimaka mana muyi hukunci game da yadda muke yaduwar cutar a cikin ƙididdigarmu ko rukuni.

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan haɗarin da ba zamu tattauna ba, a kalla a kan mutum ɗaya, shine yadda kake zaune yana da tasirin kai tsaye game da hadarin kwayar cutar HIV, kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye.

Kwayar cutar HIV tana da ƙwayar cutar ta Urban

Kwayar cutar ta HIV ta kasance, da kuma manyan, cutar birane. An fi mayar da hankali ne a garuruwan da ba a san su fiye da 500,000 ba, kuma musamman a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da cutar HIV kawai amma ga sauran cututtuka.

Duk da yake matsalolin kamuwa da cuta zai iya bambanta daga yankin zuwa yanki, annobar cutar ta fi sau da yawa ta talauci, rashin kulawa da kwayoyin HIV, da kuma rashin lafiyar jama'a game da lafiyar jama'a.

A Amurka, yawancin cutar HIV a cikin kudancin kasar, inda 18.5 na kowane mutum 100,000 ke kamu da cutar. Ana bin wannan ne ta hanyar gabas (14.2) da yamma (11.2).

Bugu da ƙari, jihohi tara da suka haɗa da Kudu suna da asusun kashi 40 cikin 100 na dukan sababbin cututtuka duk da cewa an kwatanta kashi 28 kawai na yawan jama'ar Amurka.

A cewar Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC), ƙananan gundumomi da ke dauke da cutar HIV (watau yawan sababbin cututtukan HIV) sune:

1. Baton Rouge, Louisiana
2. Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, Florida
3. New Orleans, Louisiana
4. Jackson, Mississippi
5. Orlando, Florida
6. Memphis, Tennessee
7. Atlanta, Jojiya
8. Columbus, ta Kudu Carolina
9. Jacksonville, Florida
10. Baltimore, Maryland
11. Houston, Texas
12. San Juan, Puerto Rico
13. Tampa-St. Petersburg, Florida
14. New York City-Newark-Jersey City, New York-New Jersey
15. Little Rock, Arkansas
16. Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-Maryland-West Virginia
17. Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas
18. Charleston, ta Kudu Carolina
19. Las Vegas, Nevada
20. Los Angeles, California

Hoto na canza sauƙi yayin da kake duban tasirin HIV a cikin biranen Amurka. Ba kamar yanayin da ke faruwa ba, wannan adadi ya gaya mana yadda mutane da yawa daga cikin 100,000 suka kamu da cutar a cikin wani yanki na musamman.

Ƙauyukan Amurka da mafi yawan ƙwayar cutar HIV (yawan lokuta da 100,000 mazauna) su ne:

1. Miami (1,046)
2. San Francisco (1,032)
3. Fort Lauderdale (925.8)
4. Philadelphia (881.9)
5. Birnin New York (859.7)
6. Baltimore (678.5)
7. New Orleans (673.3)
8. Washington, DC (622.8)
9. Newark (605.7)
10. Jackson, Mississippi (589.7)
11. San Juan, Puerto Rico (583.2)

1. West Palm Beach (579.4)
2. Baton Rouge (560)
3. Memphis (543.5)
4. Columbus, South Carolina (509.1)
5. Atlanta (506.6)
6. Los Angeles (465.2)
7. Orlando (460.7)
8. Jacksonville (451.4)
9. Detroit (410.7)

Yadda Amsar City zata iya ƙaruwa, rage yawan yawan kwayoyin cutar HIV

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa yawancin cutar HIV ba dole ba ne ya fassara zuwa mafi yawan yawan cututtuka. Ko da a cikin birane da wasu daga cikin mafi girma daga cutar HIV, cututtuka na lafiyar jama'a na iya rage yawan haɗarin watsawa.

Ɗauki San Francisco, alal misali, birni wanda ya mayar da martani ga annoba ta zama na farko don kira ga gwaji da magani a duniya a shekara ta 2010.

Duk da ci gaba da karuwar cutar HIV ta biyu a Amurka, yawancin matakan birnin ya haifar da mummunan cututtuka, kuma yana fama da ƙananan ƙananan mutane 302 ne kawai a shekarar 2015. An yi imanin cewa yin amfani da HIV sosai (pre -shanin prophylaxis) zai iya rage rates har ma da kara.

Ya bambanta, rashin haɗin gwiwar zai iya haifar da fashewa ko da a kananan ƙasashe, birane birane. Mun ga wannan a cikin 2015 a garin Austin, Indiana (yawan mutane 4,295), inda aka kai fiye da 100 wadanda ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin masu yin amfani da kwayoyi masu ƙyalƙwasawa wadanda suka raba guraben ƙwayoyi kamar yadda suke amfani da maganin maganin maganin maganin kwayoyi. An fashe fashewa a cikin babban bangare ga dokar ta haramta kan shirin musayar magunguna (NEPs) wanda aka tsara don hana irin wannan cututtuka.

Ba abin mamaki bane, jihohi da wasu daga cikin mafi girma daga cikin kwayar cutar ta HIV sune wadanda suka haramta NEPs (ciki har da Alabama, Arkansas, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas), kuma wannan duk da dukiyar da ke nuna kimiyyar kimiyya da ke nuna NEPs tasiri wajen kare cutar da jini watsa.

Hakazalika, jihohin da ba su amince da fadada Medicaid ba, wadanda aka tsara don samar da karin kiwon lafiya ga mazauna masu karɓar kudi, suna cikin wadanda ke ɗauke da kwayoyin cutar HIV (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas).

A cewar Cibiyoyin Budget da Tsarin Mulki, karɓar tallafin Medicaid ya ba wa mutanen da ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta HIV da karuwa ba kawai ba, amma ba tare da katsewa ba.

A Jihar Massachusetts, ta hanyar alal misali, gyaran gyaran lafiyar lafiyar jiki ya yadu da cutar HIV da kulawa da kashi 91 cikin 100 na mazaunan da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, suna rage asibitoci da kulawar lafiyar HIV ta hanyar dala biliyan 1.5.

Alal misali , Jihar Alabama ta dauki nauyin kashi 25 cikin 100 na ADAP (AIDS Assistance Program) daga kashi daga cikin kudade na jihar a shekara ta 2011-yawancin abin da zai iya kaiwa ga sauran shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na jama'a tun lokacin da 81 bisa dari na ADAP sun cancanci Medicaid.

Dukkanin sun ce, fiye da rabin mutanen da basu da karfin kudi da marasa lafiya da ke zaune tare da kwayar cutar HIV suna zaune a jihohin da suka ki yarda da fadada Medicaid. Yawancin sun yarda da cewa juriya na fadada fadada yawan wadanda suke da bukata-daga cikinsu, 'yan Afirka na Afirka da kuma gay da maza-banda mawuyacin kamuwa da cuta, rashin lafiya, da mutuwa.

Cities tare da Lowest HIV Rates

Bisa ga CDC, yaduwar cutar HIV a cikin gundumomi ba na metropolitan Amurka ta gudanar a kusan 112.1 lokuta da 100,000 ba. Daga cikin biranen 107 da aka haɗa a rahotonta na shekara ta 2015, kawai shida sun fadi a karkashin wannan kofa:

1. Boise, Idaho (71.7)
2. Rapid City, Michigan (100.1)
3. Fayetteville, Arkansas (108.8); Madison,
4. Wisconsin (110)
5. Ogden, Utah (48.6)
6. Provo, Utah (26.9)

Ya bambanta, birane 10 da ke da mafi yawan ƙasƙanci na sababbin kamuwa da cutar HIV shine:

1. Provo, Utah
2. Spokane, Washington
3. Ogden, Utah
4. Boise, Idaho
5. Modesto, California
6. Worcester, Massachusetts
7. Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas-Missouri
8. Madison, Wisconsin
9. Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
10. Knoxville, Tennessee

> Sources:

> Ƙungiyar lafiya ta Amirka. "Matsayin Shirye-shiryen Ƙira" a Harkokin Siyasa na Amurka. " JAMA. Maris 2016; 18 (3): 252-257.

> Cibiyoyin Ƙididdigar Kari da Tsarin Mulki. "Medicaid zai inganta sakamakon, ƙananan kuɗi ga mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV." Washington, DC; da aka buga a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2012.

> Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. (2015) Rahoton Bincike HIV, 2014 (Ƙarin 16). Atlanta, Jojiya: CDC.

> Snider, J. Juday, T. Romley, J. et al. "Kusan mutane 60,000 marasa lafiya da marasa lafiya da ke da cutar HIV / AIDs a ƙasashen da ba su bunkasa Medicaid ba." Harkokin Kiwon lafiya. Maris 2014; 33 (3): 386-393.