A {asar Amirka, wa] ansu maza da mata suna fama da mummunar ha] ari na samun cutar ta HIV da AIDS. Daga tsakanin shekara ta 2010 da 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na cututtuka na HIV ya kasance cikin maza da suka yi jima'i da maza. Har ila yau, hadarin ya fi girma ga mutane masu launi. Me yasa mazajen yara masu yawan yara ne zasu iya samun HIV?
Akwai dalilai da dama da ya sa mahaukaciyar yara da mazaje suna da hatsari fiye da kwayar cutar HIV fiye da takwarorinsu.
Wasu daga dalilan su ne nazarin halittu. Wasu nau'i na jima'i na jima'i sun fi sauƙin kawo kwayar cutar HIV. Sauran dalilai suna nuna abubuwan zamantakewa game da yadda maza da suke yin jima'i da maza (MSM) suna rayuwa a duniya kuma suna bi da su.
Yaya Halittar Halitta ta Ƙãra Rashin Ƙwayar cutar HIV ta maza da mata
Ba duk mazaunan gay suna jin dadin jima'i ba. Duk da haka, jima'i da jima'i yana daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa maza da yara maza suna da yawan kwayar cutar HIV. Masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa adadin yawan kwayar cutar ta HIV a yayin da aka yi jima'i yana da sau 18 fiye da lokacin da ke tsakanin mata da maza . Rashin haɗarin cutar HIV a yayin da ake aiki da suturar rashin lafiya ba tare da tsaro ba an kiyasta ya zama kashi 1.4.
Wasu maza da mata maza da mata suna jin dadin jima'i. Duk da haka, akwai wata hanyar nazarin halittu wanda ke haifar da jima'i mai jima'i ga mazaunan gay. Sun kasance mafi kusantar shiga cikin "topping" da "bottoming", ko kuma shiga da karɓar. An san wannan a matsayin matsayi na canji , kuma an nuna shi don kara yawan yaduwar cutar HIV.
Me ya sa? Maza maza da suke yin karuwanci, sha'anin jima'i ba tare da tsafta ba ne mafi girma da hadarin kamuwa da cutar HIV . Maza maza da suka yi aiki, ba tare da magance matsalolin jima'i ba, sun fi yiwuwa su aika da kwayar cutar HIV zuwa ga abokan su. A lokacin da maza suka yi duka, haɗin halayen yana inganta yaduwar cutar HIV a hanyar da ba'a gani a cikin ma'aurata maza.
A cikin ma'aurata, maza suna iya shiga ciki kuma mata zasu shiga. Saboda wannan, cutar HIV tana iya yadawa daga abokiyar abokin tarayya ga abokin auren mata fiye da mataimakin.
Ta yaya {ungiyar ta shafi Rikicin {anjamau ta HIV a tsakanin maza da mata
Ba wai kawai ilimin halitta ba ne wanda zai iya samun mazaunan gayuwa su kamu da kwayar cutar HIV. Cibiyoyin zamantakewa suna taka rawar gani. Musamman ma, an nuna cewa h na mophobia ya sa ya fi wahala ga mazaunin gay don samun damar kiwon lafiya. Sauran siffofin zamantakewa na shari'a da zamantakewar al'umma suna iya samun dama. Rashin dogara ga kulawa zai iya haifar da babban bambanci a yaduwar cutar HIV. Zai iya haifar da jinkiri a ganewar asali da maganin cutar HIV. Wannan shi ne ainihin m. Mutane yawanci sun fi kamuwa da cutar a lokacin muni (sabuwar) . Wannan gaskiya ne musamman a lokacin da basu san cewa suna cutar. Gyara, magani mai mahimmanci yana da mahimmanci, kamar yadda magani ya rage rashin ciwo. A gaskiya ma, wannan shine tushen bayan maganin rigakafi. Sabili da haka, jinkirin kiwon lafiya ya kara ƙara yawan cutar HIV a tsakanin MSM.
Bugu da ƙari, wasu kungiyoyi na gay maza suna da ƙananan haɗari ga wani dalili. Haɗarinsu yana da girma saboda yawancin abokan haɗin da suke da alaka da cutar.
Inda karin mutane a cikin al'umma suna da kwayar cutar HIV, akwai haɗari mafi girma cewa wani zai fallasa. Wannan shi ne matsala musamman ga MSM baƙar fata. Suna sau da yawa kwanan wata a cikin kananan ƙananan ƙananan yankuna. Saboda haka, haɗarin HIV shine sau da yawa fiye da na sauran MSM. Gaskiya ne ko da a lokacin da zafin su da kuma salon rayuwarsu sun fi tsaro.
Alal misali, MSM baƙar fata a Amurka sau uku ne wanda zai iya samun HIV kamar sauran MSM, Gaskiya ne ko da yake, a matsakaita, suna da wuya su shiga cikin halayen haɗari. Alal misali, suna da wuya su yi amfani da kwayoyi a lokacin jima'i. Duk da haka, ba wai kawai haɗarin haɗarin haɗin haɗin da ke haifar da wannan ɓata ba.
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran MSM na HIV, MSM baƙar fata tare da kwayar cutar HIV kuma mawuyacin hali ne:
Wa] annan al'amurran sun shafi tsarin kiwon lafiyar da ake danganta da tseren. Wadannan sakamakon ba iyakance ga HIV ba ko MSM baki.
Yin Magana game da Stigma Wannan Ya sanya Mutane Kira AIDS Kan Cutar Gida
Wani lokaci wasu mutane sukan zubar da jini ga mutane maza don mummunar haɗarin HIV. Suna da'awar cewa suna shiga cikin halayyar haɗari, ko kuma yin hukunci mai kyau game da abin da ake nufi da zama gay. Duk da haka, AIDS ba cutar ba ce. A gaskiya ma, a duk duniya, yawancin masu dauke da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin jima'i suna yada ta hanyar jima'i. To, me ya sa yara maza da yara suna samun kwayar cutar HIV? Masana kimiyya sun kiyasta cewa kashi 80-90 na cutar ta HIV a cikin gay maza za su ɓace idan yada labaran lokacin yayinda yake da alaƙa kamar yadda yake a lokacin haɗuwar mata. Ƙididdiga na aiki zai iya sauke lambobin ta kashi 20-50. Sanya waɗannan abubuwa biyu zasu iya kawar da kashi 95 cikin dari na cututtukan HIV da aka gani a cikin mazaunin gay. A wasu kalmomi, ba shine babban halayyar da ke sanya maza masu gayuwa a irin wannan hadarin HIV ba. Yana da ilmin halitta.
Ƙara samun damar yin amfani da lafiyar marasa lafiya ba zai taimaka ba .Ya yi tunanin duniya inda mazaunan gayansu suka ji daɗi suna bayyana haɗarin haɗarsu ga jima'i ga likitoci. Wannan zai iya zama babban bambanci. Ana iya gwada su akai-akai. Sa'an nan kuma za su iya bi da sauri. Hakanan, maganin farko zai rage haɗarin maza da ke cuɗanya da abokan su da inganta lafiyar su. Abin takaici shine shawarar da CDC ke yi game da gwajin HIV (ga kowa da kowa, ba maza ba) kawai ba ta da tasiri sosai. Ƙwararrun likitoci da dakunan shan magani suna bin dokoki.
Abin farin, akwai alamun cewa abubuwa na iya inganta. Lokacin da aka saki bayanan mai karfi da nuna cewa rage girman kwayar cutar ta rage rashin yiwuwar yaduwar cutar HIV, manufofin sun canza. Babbar birane sun fara bada shawara ga duniya da yin amfani da cutar HIV. Sun cire takardun da suka danganci CD4 da ake nufi da masu dauke da kwayar cutar HIV sun jira don fara magani. Wannan canji zai iya kasancewa mai girma boon ga marigayi gay ma'aurata. Rage karfin kamuwa da kwayar cutar mutum ba kawai wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci ba. Har ila yau, yana taimakawa yayinda abokan haɗin gwiwar su kare lafiyar. Sakamakon wannan sakamako, wanda aka sani da " magani a matsayin rigakafin " ya ci gaba da sake sake aiwatar da manufar HIV a Amurka. Haka kuma yana canza hanyar likitoci da masana kimiyya suka dubi maganin cutar HIV a duniya.
> Sources:
> Beyrer, C., Baral, SD, vanGriensven, F. Goodreau, SM, Chariyalerstak, S., Wirtz, A., & Brookmeyer, R. (2012) Binciken duniya na cutar HIV a cikin maza da suka yi jima'i da maza. Lancet . 380 (9839): 367-377
> Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. An kiyasta cutar da HIV a Amurka, 2010-2015. Binciken Ƙari na Sashin HIV 2018; 23 (A'a 1). http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html. An wallafa shi a watan Maris na 2018. An samu damar shiga Maris 27, 2018.
> Goldman DP, Juday T, Linthicum MT, Rosenblatt L, Seekins D. Burin da wani tsara ba tare da HIV ba zai iya kaiwa idan an yanke shawarar yanke shawara. Health Hau (Millwood). 2014 Mar, 33 (3): 428-33. Doi: 10.1377 / hlthaff.2013.1280.
> Rukunin Nazarin Sakamakon Farawa. Na tsayar da maganin cutar antiretroviral a farkon asymptomatic HIV kamuwa da cuta. N Engl J Med. 2015 Aug 27; 373 (9): 795-807. Doi: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1506816.
> Millett, GA, Peterson, JL, Flores, SA, Hart, TA, Jeffries, WL, Wilson, PA, Rourke, SB, Heilig, CM, Elford, J., Fenton, KA>, & Remis, RS (2012) Haɗuwa da rashin daidaito da hadarin kamuwa da HIV a cikin baki da sauran maza da suke da jima'i da maza a Kanada, Birtaniya, da kuma Amurka: wani zane-zane. Lancet . 380 (9839): 341-348