Gudanar da wahalar bayan hawan aiki yana da muhimmanci
Magunguna da aka saba amfani da su kafin, lokacin, da kuma bayan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sun bambanta da yawa daga haƙuri da haƙuri. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙayyadadden ƙwayoyi da kuke karɓa suna dogara ne akan irin tiyata da kuke da shi, maganin da za ku yi, da kuma matsalolin kiwon lafiyar da kuke da shi.
Pre-aiki ko Kafin shan magani
Kafin yin aiki, za ku hadu da likitanku.
A wannan ziyarar, za ku sake nazarin duk matsalolin lafiyar ku da ƙwayoyi da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayoyi, da kuma duk wani magungunan da kuke dauka, ciki har da kayan daji, da bitamin, da kuma dukkanin kwayoyi masu kama da aspirin.
Bugu da ƙari, ka tabbata ka gaya wa likitanka ko ka dauki magungunan doka, shan taba, ko sha barasa, saboda waɗannan abubuwa zasu iya tasiri yadda kake warkar da aikinka da kuma yadda magunguna ke aiki.
A bayanin kula na gefen, yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa barin shan taba yana da kyau kafin aikin tiyata saboda zai rage hadarin damuwa na jikin mahaifa bayan tiyata, mafi yawanci ciwon huhu . Kwararren likitanku zai yi tambaya ko kai ko dan gidanka ya taɓa yin mummunar dauki kafin ka kamu da cutar.
Game da magunguna, kafin a tiyata, za'a iya ba da kwayoyin maganin cututtuka a shafin yanar gizo. Magungunan rigakafi sune nau'i na kwayoyi da ake amfani dasu don magance kwayoyin cuta, kuma an ba su bidi'a (a cikin kwaya kwayoyin halitta), ko kuma cikin intravenously (ta hanyar IV).
Zaɓin maganin kwayoyin halitta ya dogara da irin tiyata wanda mutum yana da, kuma manufarsa ita ce ta hana wani kamuwa da cuta a shafin yanar gizo. Alal misali, mutumin da ke shan maganin jinin jini yana iya karɓar kwayoyin da ake kira Ancef (cefazolin) a cikin sa'a guda kafin inganci (cututtuka).
Ana ba da Ancef ta hanyar jinsin (IV), kuma yana da wata cifphalosporin na farko da irin wannan tsarin zuwa penicillin.
Magunguna da aka ba A lokacin Hadin
Akwai nau'i daban-daban na daban daban daban:
- Anesthesia na gida: Kai ne farke, kuma magani ne injected cikin fata don ragewa ko toshe ciwo a cikin wani shafin yanar gizon jiki (alal misali, kawar da tawadar Allah a jikin mutum).
- Anesthesia na Yanki: Kai ne farke, kuma magani ne injected a cikin wani wuri na jijiyoyi don rage ɓangaren jikin da ke yin aikin tiyata (misali, wani ɓangare a lokacin aiki da haihuwar).
- General Anesthesia: Kana barcin barci, kuma ana bada magani don dakatar da jin zafi daga jin jiki a cikin jiki (alal misali, tiyata don cire gallbladder mutum ko shafi).
Yawancin hanyoyin da ake buƙatar ƙwayoyin cuta na buƙatar ƙwayar cuta. Tare da maganin rigakafin rigakafi, ana amfani da magani da ake kira na rigakafi don haifar da rashin fahimta kuma tabbatar da cewa ba ku jin zafi. Za a iya ba da shi ta hanyar kwayar cutar (a cikin intravenously) ko kuma ta hanyar murfin motsi ko tube. Misali na wani cututtukan da ake amfani da shi sau da yawa don haifar da wankewar cutar ne propofol .
Wasu lokuta, an sanya motsi mai motsi a cikin iska ta mutum wanda wani likitan ilimin likitancin ya sanya mutum yayi numfashi a yayin aikin tiyata.
Bugu da ƙari, za a iya amfani da magani da ake kira mai shanyayyen tare da wani cututtuka don shawo kan tsokoki na jikin mutum a lokacin aikin tiyata.
Barbiturates da benzodiazepines , waɗanda aka fi sani da suna "downers" ko magunguna, suna da nau'o'i biyu na likita maganin da ake amfani dashi don shawo kan tsarin kulawa na tsakiya. An yi amfani da su a wasu lokuta tare da maganin rigakafi don kwantar da hankali ga mai haƙuri kafin kafin tiyata a yayin da suka dawo.
Misalai guda uku na benzodiazepines wasu lokuta ana amfani da su don yin watsi da su sun hada da:
- Ativan (lorazepam)
- Dalilan (diazepam)
- Sassa (midazolam)
Magunguna Bayan Yin Tafiyar Bayanan Hoto
Bayan mutum ya kammala aikin tiyata a cikin ɗakin aiki, zai je wurin maidawa inda masu jinya za su kula da kwayoyin (misali, zuciya, numfashi, da kuma karfin jini), da kuma tabbatar da jin dadi sosai kamar yadda mutumin ya fara cikawa tashi daga cutar.
Idan yana kwana da dare, mutum zai iya komawa dakin asibiti don hutawa, dawowa, da kuma ciwo mai zafi. Sau ɗaya a cikin dakin asibiti, masu jinya da likitoci za su ci gaba da saka idanu da kayan da zazzabi da fitsari.
Magunguna na iya samun takamaiman bayani game da shafin intanet na kwalliya, kamar yadda za a samar da kulawa ta jiki, da kuma tsara gwaje-gwajen jini don bincika alamun jini ko kamuwa da cuta.
Bugu da ƙari da waɗannan sharuɗɗa bayan kulawa, magungunan kamar magunguna za a ba su don ci gaba da ciwo a bay yayin da jiki yake warkewa.
Analgesics
Magunguna, ko magunguna masu shan magani, ana amfani dashi don sarrafa ciwon bayan tiyata. Suna samuwa a cikin nau'i-nau'i da dama kuma ana iya ba su ta hanyoyi masu yawa kamar ta hanyar IV, nau'in kwaya, lozenge, assposory, ruwa, har ma a matsayin alamar, inda aka shayar da magani ta fata.
Ƙarfin kowane magunguna masu shan magani yana bambanta yadu, kamar yadda kwayar da likita ta umurta zai iya bambanta daga wani mai haƙuri zuwa wani. Saboda wannan dalili, magani wanda aka ba da umurni zai dogara sosai akan yanayin da aka tsara.
Yawancin cutar analgesics mai dauke da kwayoyi suna dauke da opioids, ko dai a hade tare da acetaminophen ko NSAIDs.
Magunguna da aka ba da izini wadanda aka ba da su a asibitin bayan aikin tiyata ta hanyar jikin mutum sun hada da Duramorph (morphine) da Dilaudid (hydromorphone) waɗanda ke da kayan aiki .
Bayan an fitar da su daga tiyata, an ba da magungunan maganin cututtuka a cikin hanyar Lortab ko Vicodin (acetaminophen / hydrocodone) da Percocet (acetaminophen / oxycodone) .
Sauran magungunan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta na likita wanda likitanku zai iya bayar da shawarar sun hada da:
- Ultram (tramadol)
- NSAIDs (alal misali, ibuprofen)
- Tylenol (acetaminophen)
Anticoagulants
Wani magunguna mai mahimmanci sau da yawa ana bayarwa bayan tiyata shi ne kwayar cutar, wanda shine maganin da zai rage jinin jini. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a matsayin daya daga cikin hadarin da ake yi na tiyata shi ne yaduwa da jini, musamman maƙarar hanzari , wadda ke faruwa a cikin kafafu.
Don hana yaduwar jini daga farawa da haifar da rikitarwa irin su bugun jini ko embolus na huhu (jini a cikin kututture), ana bayar da kwayoyin cutar ta hanyar IV, allura, ko kuma a cikin kwayar kwaya.
Misalan magungunan da suka hada da:
- Argatroban
- Sauna (Warfarin)
- Heparin
- Lovenox (Enoxaparin)
Ƙaddara-Rage Magunguna
A ƙarshe, likitanku na iya tsara wasu magungunan alamun cututtukan magani don sauƙaƙe duk wata damuwa da kuka iya haɗuwa da ciwon tiyata ko tare da magungunan da kuke shanwa (jiji da maƙarƙashiya na al'ada tare da opioids). Misalai na iya hada da:
- Magungunan Acid kamar H-2 Blocker Pepcid (famotidine)
- Masu kwantar da hankulan da suke shayar da su da kuma motsa jiki kamar Peri-Colace (docusate sodium / sennosides)
- Anti-nausea magunguna kamar Zofran (Ondansetron)
Kalma Daga
Lokacin da ya shafi aikin tiyata, gaskiya ce mai mahimmanci cewa magunguna suna yin hanya mafi dacewa, dawowa da sauri da jin zafi kadan. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa magani zai iya kula da komai ba, saboda kwayoyi zasu iya yin yawa don sake dawowa da kyau.
Mai haƙuri tare da shirye-shiryen tashi da motsawa bayan yin aiki zai sami damar da za ta guje wa ciwon huhu fiye da wanda ba zai tashi daga gado ba. Mai haƙuri wanda ke taka rawar gani zai kasance da karfi kuma ya fi dacewa ya koma ga al'amuran al'ada fiye da wanda ya kamata a kori shi kuma ya biya shi cikin aikin.
> Sources:
> Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ. (2017). Prophylaxis na Antimicrobial don Rigakafin Mutacciyar Ciwon Kwayoyin cuta a Manya. A cikin: UpToDate, Harris A (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA
> Medicine Johns Hopkins. Dabun Gudanar da Ƙwayar cuta da Abokin Lurarku.
> Mohabir PK, Gurney J. (Mayu 2015). Merck Manual: Shafukan Kasuwanci: Gabatarwar Kula da Mutuwar Muriyar.
> Salkind AR. Kwayar maganin rigakafin rigakafi don hana ƙwayoyin cututtukan yanar gizo. Am Fam Likita . 2011 Mar 1; 83 (5): 585-90.