Lissafi na BODE wata kayan aiki ne da masana masu kiwon lafiya suka yi amfani da su don hango rai akan mutuwar mutum (mutuwa) daga cututtuka na nakasa (COPD). Amfani da mahimman bayanai da ke kan nauyin nau'i na nau'i na 4, nauyin ƙwallon ƙa'ida ya yi faɗi game da tsawon lokacin da mutum zai rayu bayan ganewar asirin COPD.
Dalilai 4 a cikin Rukunin LABIN
Hanyoyi daban-daban an kiyasta su a matsayin ɓangare na alamar BODE.
Dalilin wannan fassarar shine cewa kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan zasu iya yin la'akari game da ƙaddarar COPD, amma ya kara daɗaɗɗen ƙididdiga ya fi daidai. Lissafi sun tsaya ga:
- B - BMI - BMI yana tsaye ne akan rubutun jiki, lissafin da aka yi ta kwatanta tsawo da nauyi.
- O - Harkokin Airway - An ƙaddamar da hanzarin Airway ta hanyar yin la'akari da FEV1 - yawan iska da za a iya fitar da karfi a cikin 1 na biyu bayan zurfin numfashi.
- D - Dyspnea - Dyspnea tana nufin ƙimar rashin jin daɗin mutum yayin da yake zaune tare da COPD.
- E - Juriya na aikin motsa jiki - Gwajin gwaje-gwaje na nufin yadda wasu suke yi akan gwajin tafiya na minti 6.
Bari mu dubi kowane ma'auni ɗin nan daban, sa'an nan kuma ku haɗa su a auna ma'auni.
B - Jumlar Jiki
BMI wani lissafi ne da aka yi ta kwatanta tsawo a cikin mita ta nauyi a kilo. Akwai lissafi don ƙayyade BMI, kazalika da BMI BIM ne ƙayyadadden nauyin girman ko ƙananan mutum.
Tare da COPD, kasancewa marar nauyi ko rashin abinci maras kyau shine alamar rashin lafiya lokacin da yazo ga ƙwarewa.
O - Airway Obstruction
FEV1 (ƙarar tilasta fitarwa a 1 na biyu) shine ma'auni na adadin iska wanda za'a iya fitar da karfi a cikin 1 na biyu. FVC tana da karfi mai karfi, wanda shine yawan iska wanda za'a iya fitar da shi gaba daya bayan zurfin numfashi.
Sakamakon FEV1 / FVC , sabili da haka, wakiltar kashi ɗaya cikin dari na jimlar iska da za a iya fitar da ita a cikin 1 na biyu akan dukan iska wanda za'a iya fitarwa. Yawanci wannan rabo yana kusa da 1, wanda ke nufin cewa muna fitar da yawancin iska a karo na biyu na fitarwa. Idan akwai hanzari a cikin hanyoyi na hanzari ko hana wannan fitarwa daga iska, raguwar raguwa.
D - Dyspnea
Dyspnea shine kalma wanda yake nufin ainihin jiki na rashin ƙarfi na numfashi ko numfashi. Doctors na iya rarrabewa akan abin da wani zai buƙaci ya yi - yadda za su yi aiki - kafin su zama numfashi. Da farko, mutum zai iya zama maras ƙarfi idan sunyi tafiya mil biyar. Daga baya, a COPD mutum zai iya lura da rashin ƙarfi tare da kowane motsi. Ana tabbatar da alamar dyspnea ta hanyar da ake kira MRC Dyspnea Index . A cikin wannan ma'auni, an auna numfashi a kan sikelin 0 zuwa 4:
- MMRC 0 - Ƙarfin rai ba tare da motsa jiki ba
- MMRC 1 - Tsananin numfashi lokacin da sauri a kan matakin ko tafiya sama dutsen
- MMRC 2 - Tsananin numfashi a ƙasa kuma yana buƙatar tsayawa a hankali don kwanciyar hankali saboda rashin ƙarfi (kuma yana tafiya cikin sauri fiye da sauran mutanen da ke da shekaru)
- MMRC 3 - Ƙananan numfashi da kuma tsayawa bayan tafiya kusan mita 100 ko bayan 'yan mintuna kaɗan (kodayake tafiya a kansa)
- MMRC 4 - Ba zamu iya barin gida ko rashin jin daɗi ba a lokacin da ake sawa
E - Jarraba Ƙarewa
Hada haƙuri yana nuna yadda mutum zai iya kasancewa tare da hane-haren da cutar ta cutar. Ana amfani da gwaji da ake kira jigilar motsa jiki na minti 6-lokaci don samun darajar adadi na ƙwallon ƙa'idar.
Yanayi da Range
Waɗannan dabi'u masu zuwa sune waɗanda za a iya sanyawa domin ƙayyade rubutun tsarin. Yi la'akari da cewa cike zai iya kewayo daga 0 zuwa 10 duka dangane da yadda waɗannan ƙarawa suke.
B - Nau'in Jirgin Jiki na Jiki
- 0 maki ga BMI fiye da 21
- 1 aya don BMI kasa da 21
O - Jirgin Harshen Airway
- 0 maki na FEV1 fiye da 64%
- 1 aya don FEV1 na 50-64%
- 2 maki na FEV1 na 36-49%
- 3 maki na FEV1 na kasa da 36%
D - Dyspnea Target
- 0 maki don alamar dyspnea na 0-1
- 1 aya don layin dyspnea na 2
- 2 maki don alamar dyspnea na 3
- 3 maki don alamar dyspnea na 4-5
E - Matsayi na Ta'azantar Jiki
- 0 aya idan iya tafiya a kan mita 349
- 1 aya idan iya tafiya mita 250-249
- 2 maki idan zai iya tafiya mita 150-249
- 3 maki idan zai iya tafiya mita 150 ko žasa
| Musanya | Ƙididdiga a kan Hanya Ta'idar | |||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| FEV1 (% annabta) | ≥65 | 50-64 | 36-49 | ≤35 |
| 6-Minute Walk Test (mita) | ≥350 | 250-349 | 150-249 | ≤149 |
| MMRC Dyspnea Scale | 0-1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Rubutun Jiki | > 21 | ≤21 | ||
Bayyana Mortality
Bayan samun rubutattun launi, za a iya kwatanta mace-mace. Lura cewa akwai wasu dalilai da zasu iya rinjayar mace-mace a cikin mutane tare da COPD, kuma wannan gwajin ba cikakke ba ce. Wani wanda yake da matukar ci gaba zai iya rayuwa har tsawon shekarun da suka gabata, kuma wanda ya rage bashi zai iya gobe gobe. Gwaje-gwajen irin wannan suna da kyau don yin tsinkaye da kuma kididdigar lissafi, amma ba dole ba ne su ba da bayanin da aka sani game da kowa.
Taruwar Survival
An kiyasta kimanin kimanin shekaru 4 na rayuwa kamar:
- Maki 0-2 - 80%
- 3-4 maki - 67%
- 5-6 points - 57%
- Maki 7-10 - 18%
Rayuwa na Rayuwa
Ƙididdiga ta Rukunin Ƙasa shine ƙwararren ƙwararri ɗaya amma rayuwa yakan bambanta sosai lokacin da yake magana game da mutane. Koyi game da wasu dalilai da ke tasiri na fata na COPD tare da abin da zaka iya yi domin inganta rayuwarka ta rayuwa. Idan cutarka ta ci gaba, za ka iya son koyon abin da za ka iya tsammanin tare da COPD na ƙarshe .
NOTE: Aikin BODE yana nufin amfani da shi azaman kayan aiki, don dalilai na bayani kawai. Ya kamata ba maye gurbin shawara na ma'aikacin kiwon lafiya.
Sources:
Andrianopoulos, V., Wouters, E., Pinto-Plata, V. et al. Amfanin Kwarewar Abubuwan Da aka Samu Daga Ƙwararrun Walk-in-Kwamincin Walk-in Game da Matsala Tare da COPD: Sakamako Daga Nazarin ECLIPSE. Magunguna na numfashi . 2015. 109 (9): 1138-46.
Celli, B., Cote, C., Lareau, S., da kuma P. Meek. Masanan abubuwan da suka faru a COPD: Fiye da kawai FEV1. Magunguna na numfashi . 2008. 102 Sanya 1: S27-35.
de Torres, J., Casanova, C., Marin, J. et al. Binciken Kwatancen COPD Patients: GOLD 2011 YAWARA DA KASA DA COPD Comorbidity Index COTE. Thorax . 2014. 69 (9): 799-804.
Gokdeniz, T., Kalaycioglu, E., Boyaci, F. et al. Rukunin Ƙirƙirar Hanya, Tsarin Gida Hidima, yana nuna rashin daidaitattun ayyuka na ƙididdigar ƙwayar cuta a cikin marasa lafiya tare da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta mai mahimmanci. Tsunuka . 2014. 88 (3): 223-33.