Autism da "Ka'idar Zuciya"
"Maganar tunani" ta bayyana ikon ɗan adam ya fahimci cewa ba zai yiwu mutum ya san abin da yake faruwa a tunanin mutum ba. "Maganar tunani" tana kama da mahimmancin ra'ayi, amma a gaskiya, yawancin yara sukan saba da su tun kafin sun kai shekaru biyar.
Yarinya wanda ya fahimci ka'idar tunani ya fahimci cewa misali:
- Idan sun ɓoye, wasu mutane ba su san inda suke ba.
- Idan sunyi tunani ko kuma suna da haushi, amma ba su bayyana shi ba, wannan tunani ko tausayi ba'a ba wa wasu (kuma wasu bazai raba duk tunanin su) ba.
- Abubuwan da suke so da ƙin su na iya zama ko wasu ba su iya raba su - kuma wasu na iya samun fifiko daban-daban da dandano.
- Suna da bayanin da wani ba shi da shi, dole ne su sadar da wannan bayani ko hadarin kasancewar fahimta.
- Idan sun ga abin da wasu ba su shaida ba, sun san wani abu da sauran mutane ba su sani ba.
Jama'a Masu Tambaya Suna Gano Mawuyacin Karatu
Matsalar tunani na iya zamawa ga yara da manya a kan bakan. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa mutanen dake da autism basu da tausayi ba , amma dai yana da wahala a gare su suyi tunanin wasu manufofi, manufofi, ko abubuwan da aka ɓoye .
Bincike ya nuna cewa kalubalen sun hada da wahala ta hanyar karanta maganganun fuskar mutum da kuma harshen jiki.
Alal misali, yana da wuya ga mutane masu tsauraran ra'ayi su fahimci ko gashin ido ya zama alamar mamaki, tsoro, ko rashin yarda.
Sautunan murya na iya zama batun. Alal misali, muna amfani da canje-canje masu sauƙi a cikin sauti da kuma prosody don bayyana ra'ayin cewa muna wasa, sarcastic, kafirci, da sauransu. Amma idan mutane masu tsauraran ra'ayi ba su iya gane wadannan canje-canje ba, za su iya ɗaukar jokers tsanani, ko kuma sun gaskata cewa furcin sarcastic gaskiya ne.
A sakamakon haka, mutane a kan bakan sukan saba fahimtar wasu motsa jiki ko sha'awa. Hakanan suna iya ɓacewa don sadarwa ko bayani don bukatunsu. Difficulty da ka'idar tunani na iya sa mutane masu tsauraran ra'ayi su kasance masu kuskuren yin ɓatar da su, tawaye, ko cin zarafi.
Autism da kuma "Zuciya-Zuciya"
Wani bincike mai suna Simon Baron-Cohen ya bayyana ka'idar Mind kamar yadda ... "iya samun cikakken jigilar ra'ayi (imani, sha'awar zuciya, tunani , motsin zuciyarmu, da dai sauransu) wanda ke haifar da aiki. A taƙaice, yana da ka'idar tunani shi ne ya iya yin tunani akan abubuwan da ke ciki da kuma sauran mutane. " Baron-Cohen ya ci gaba da wani lokaci don rashin ka'idar tunani cewa ya kira "makircin ido."
Masu bincike ciki har da Baron-Cohen da Uta Frith sun yi imanin cewa, makantar da hankali a wasu matakai yana cikin dukkan mutane a kan ma'anar autism. Suna kuma jin cewa rashin ka'idar tunani ta haifar da bambance-bambance ne, kuma ka'idar ta goyan bayan bincike.
Ga wa] annan mutanen da ke da irin wannan damar da ake da su , a cikin autism, suna da damar yin tunani game da irin wannan damar ta hanyar yin aiki, tattaunawa, da kuma horar da likita. Ko da tare da yin aiki da horarwa, duk da haka, tunanin makanta na iya kasancewa wata matsala ga dukan mutane a kan fitowar ta autism a duk rayuwarsu.
Sources:
Baron-Cohen, Simon. Ka'idar Mind a Cikin Ƙasar Ci gaba da Autism. Prisma , 2001, 34, 174-183.
Chevallier C, Noveck I, Farin F, Wilson D. "Mene ne a cikin murya? Prosody ne a matsayin gwajin gwaji game da ka'idojin tunani na Autism. Neuropsychologia 2011 Feb; 49 (3): 507-17.
Frith, Uta. Zuciyar hankali da Brain a Autism. Neuron, Vol. 32, 969-979, Disamba 20, 2001.
Kana, Rajesh, et al. Ma'aikatan ƙwararriyar aikin ƙwararren aiki da kuma matattun matakai mai zurfi a hankali a cikin Autism.Social Unficient Neficience (2014) 9 (1): 98-105.
Tager-Flusberg, Helen. Bayyana ka'idojin tunanin tunani na Autism. Harkokin Kasuwanci a yau a Kimiyyar Kimiyya, Disamba 2007. Vol 16 no. 6 311-315.