Ectopic yana nufin wani abu ko jikin mutum wanda yake siffar ko an samo shi inda ba shi da shi. Kaddamar kashi kashi ɗaya shine kafa sabon abu (ta hanyar tsarin da ake kira ossification) a yankunan, kuma, inda wannan abu baya cikin. Wannan tsari na ƙaddamarwa yana gudana ne daga kwayoyin da ake kira osteoblasts.
Kalmar ectopic ta fito ne daga Girkanci, kuma yana nufin "daga wuri." Hakanan, wanda shine "kashin" kothotopic "- wanda aka samo daga Girkanci - yana nufin kashi ne wanda aka kafa a daidai wurin wuri, kamar yadda Scott, et.
al., a cikin labarin da ake kira "Brief Review of Models of Ectopic Bone Formation." An wallafa wannan labarin a cikin watan Maris 2012 na mujallar, Ci gaba da Sanyoyin Cells.
Tsarin kashi na halitta zai iya kasancewa a lokacin haihuwar haihuwa, saboda jinsin halitta ko ya tashi a matsayin wani nau'i na wasu yanayi na kiwon lafiya kamar lalacewa da / ko rauni na cututtuka (don suna kawai kawai.) Scott, et. al. ya ce kashi kasusuwan kasusuwan mutum yana zaton za'a lalacewa ta hanyar ƙonawa ta gida wanda taro daga ƙwayoyin mahaifa suka biyo baya. Bisa ga shafin yanar gizon yanar gizo na Boston na Yara, mai tantanin tantanin halitta yafi kama da kwayar sutura amma yana da iyakancewa dangane da nau'in kwayoyin da zai iya zama kamar yadda ya rabu. Kwayoyin halitta sun kasance daga kwayoyin kwayar halitta amma ba su girma ba.
Kwalejin Ectopic Bone domin Sashin Lafiya
Scott, et. al, ya ce har zuwa kashi 10 cikin dari na marasa lafiya da suke shan tiyata - da kuma tilastawa tiyata a cikin wannan rukuni - zai haifar da samfurin kashi kashi.
A cikin kashin baya, an yi amfani da kalmar "ƙaddamar kashi kashi" a wasu lokuta don bayyana nau'in kasusuwan da ba'a so ba wanda aka sanya shi a cikin canji . A shekara ta 2002, FDA ta yarda da gina jiki wanda Madtronic ya kirkiro wanda ake kira Infuse don amfani dashi a cikin aikin tiyata na lumbar. Yanayin amfani da FDA ta fayyace shi ya kasance mai mahimmanci: A matsayin sashi na sashi don matakin ƙwayar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Lumbar Interface (ALIF) a cikin Lumbar Tapered Fusion Device device (LT-Cage.) Whew!
Amma nan da nan bayan yarda, da dama likitoci sun fara amfani da "lakabin-lakabin," wanda ke nufi don dalilai banda abin da FDA ta amince. Ana amfani da lakabin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin aikin tiyata wanda ke haifar da wasu "abubuwan da suka faru," ko AE da aka kaiwa FDA. Halittar kashi kashi ɗaya daga cikin AE, amma jerin sun hada da wasu abubuwa masu tsanani kamar su arachnoiditis, ƙara yawan ƙarancin jiki, retrograde ejaculation, ciwon daji da sauransu. Ba m!
Rarraba Medtronic
Jaridar Mildokee Journal Sentinal Watchdog, wanda ya biyo bayan wannan labarin tun 2011 (kuma ya ci gaba da yin haka), ya ce a cikin makonni na gwaji na farko na Infuse, an samu kashi kashi kashi 70 cikin 100 na marasa lafiya na binciken. Wasu daga cikin wadannan marasa lafiya sun buƙaci daya ko fiye likita don gyara ɓangaren da ba a so ba kuma / ko matsalolin likita da suka tashi daga gare ta.
A cikin bincikenta na bayanan da aka wallafa a cikin shekarar 2013 game da Tashin Lafiya ta Duniya , Epstein ya kwatanta kamfanoni 13 da suka gudanar da bincike zuwa wasu nazarin da aka buga a baya a cikin mujallolin, da kuma takardun FDA da kuma bayanan da ke cikin bayanai. Ta bayar da rahoto game da "abubuwan da ba a buga ba, waɗanda ba a buga ba, waɗanda ba a buga su ba" tare da nazarin Infuse.
Ta kuma bayar da rahoton cewa kashi 40 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru sun faru ne da ALIF (aikin tiyata na "lakabi" wanda aka yi,) ya kara da cewa wasu daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru sune barazanar rayuwa.
A halin yanzu, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel ya ruwaito cewa Medtronic ko dai an bayar da rahoto ko kuma ba a kai rahoto irin wannan mummunar tasiri ga FDA ba a rahoton 2004 da likitocin Medtronic suka rubuta. MJS ta ce "likitocin da suka rubuta takarda na 2004 za su karbi miliyoyin dolar Amirka da kuma sauran kuɗin daga Medtronic."
A watan Mayu na shekarar 2014, MJS ya biyo bayan wannan labari tare da wani labarin cewa Medtronic ya amince ya biya dala miliyan 22 don magance ƙidaya 1000 akan Infuse.
Labarin ya kuma ambata cewa Medtronic yana ajiye wasu $ 140 don rufe "da'awar da ake sa ran."
Sources:
Asibitin yara na Boston. Mene ne Cells Masu Zama? Ƙunƙasar Sakar Kwararrun Adult 101. Cibiyar Bikin Baje Kolin Boston. Samun shiga Janairu 2015.
Epstein, N. Wadanda suka faru saboda amfani da BMP / INFUSE a cikin tiyata: Labarin ya ci gaba da hawa. Surg Neurol Int. 2013: Samun shiga Janairu 2015.
Fauber, J., Infuse da aka ambata a cikin marasa lafiya marasa lafiya mai rauni. Hanyoyin Gaba. A Journal Sentinel Watchdog Report. Hanyar Labarai. Yuni 2011.
Fauber, J. Medtronic don biyan kuɗin dalar Amurka miliyan 22 domin magance ka'idodin shari'a a kan samfurori. Rahoton Watchdog. Milwaukee Wisconsin Journal Sentinel. Mayu 6, 2014.
Scott, M., A., Levi, B., ASkarinam, A., Nguyen, A., Rackohn, T., Ting, K., Soo, C., Brief Review of Models of Ectopic Bone Formation. Sanya Cells Dev. 2012 Mar 20; 21 (5): 655-667.